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Re: [PATCH v4 2/2] dma-buf: heaps: system: add system_cc_decrypted heap for explicitly decrypted memory

by T.J. Mercier

On Mon, Mar 16, 2026 at 5:59 AM Jiri Pirko <jiri(a)resnulli.us> wrote: > > From: Jiri Pirko <jiri(a)nvidia.com> > > Add a new "system_cc_decrypted" dma-buf heap to allow userspace to > allocate decrypted (shared) memory for confidential computing (CoCo) > VMs. > > On CoCo VMs, guest memory is encrypted by default. The hardware uses an > encryption bit in page table entries (C-bit on AMD SEV, "shared" bit on > Intel TDX) to control whether a given memory access is encrypted or > decrypted. The kernel's direct map is set up with encryption enabled, > so pages returned by alloc_pages() are encrypted in the direct map > by default. To make this memory usable for devices that do not support > DMA to encrypted memory (no TDISP support), it has to be explicitly > decrypted. A couple of things are needed to properly handle > decrypted memory for the dma-buf use case: > > - set_memory_decrypted() on the direct map after allocation: > Besides clearing the encryption bit in the direct map PTEs, this > also notifies the hypervisor about the page state change. On free, > the inverse set_memory_encrypted() must be called before returning > pages to the allocator. If re-encryption fails, pages > are intentionally leaked to prevent decrypted memory from being > reused as private. > > - pgprot_decrypted() for userspace and kernel virtual mappings: > Any new mapping of the decrypted pages, be it to userspace via > mmap or to kernel vmalloc space via vmap, creates PTEs independent > of the direct map. These must also have the encryption bit cleared, > otherwise accesses through them would see encrypted (garbage) data. > > - DMA_ATTR_CC_DECRYPTED for DMA mapping: > Since the pages are already decrypted, the DMA API needs to be > informed via DMA_ATTR_CC_DECRYPTED so it can map them correctly > as unencrypted for device access. > > On non-CoCo VMs, the system_cc_decrypted heap is not registered > to prevent misuse by userspace that does not understand > the security implications of explicitly decrypted memory. > > Signed-off-by: Jiri Pirko <jiri(a)nvidia.com> > --- > v2->v3: > - removed couple of leftovers from headers > v1->v2: > - fixed build errors on s390 by including mem_encrypt.h > - converted system heap flag implementation to a separate heap > --- > drivers/dma-buf/heaps/system_heap.c | 103 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++-- > 1 file changed, 98 insertions(+), 5 deletions(-) > > diff --git a/drivers/dma-buf/heaps/system_heap.c b/drivers/dma-buf/heaps/system_heap.c > index b3650d8fd651..a525e9aaaffa 100644 > --- a/drivers/dma-buf/heaps/system_heap.c > +++ b/drivers/dma-buf/heaps/system_heap.c > @@ -10,17 +10,25 @@ > * Andrew F. Davis <afd(a)ti.com> > */ > > +#include <linux/cc_platform.h> > #include <linux/dma-buf.h> > #include <linux/dma-mapping.h> > #include <linux/dma-heap.h> > #include <linux/err.h> > #include <linux/highmem.h> > +#include <linux/mem_encrypt.h> > #include <linux/mm.h> > +#include <linux/set_memory.h> > #include <linux/module.h> > +#include <linux/pgtable.h> > #include <linux/scatterlist.h> > #include <linux/slab.h> > #include <linux/vmalloc.h> > > +struct system_heap_priv { > + bool decrypted; > +}; Hi Jiri, I wonder if it'd better to call this cc_decrypted (or I guess cc_shared based on Robin's comment in the previous patch) like the DMA attr? There's a separate effort for "restricted" heaps with TEE for (encrypted) video playback, which doesn't involve VMs or RDMA. I think the cc_ prefix might help avoid any confusion between the usecase here and restricted heaps. > + > struct system_heap_buffer { > struct dma_heap *heap; > struct list_head attachments; > @@ -29,6 +37,7 @@ struct system_heap_buffer { > struct sg_table sg_table; > int vmap_cnt; > void *vaddr; > + bool decrypted; > }; > > struct dma_heap_attachment { > @@ -36,6 +45,7 @@ struct dma_heap_attachment { > struct sg_table table; > struct list_head list; > bool mapped; > + bool decrypted; > }; > > #define LOW_ORDER_GFP (GFP_HIGHUSER | __GFP_ZERO) > @@ -52,6 +62,34 @@ static gfp_t order_flags[] = {HIGH_ORDER_GFP, HIGH_ORDER_GFP, LOW_ORDER_GFP}; > static const unsigned int orders[] = {8, 4, 0}; > #define NUM_ORDERS ARRAY_SIZE(orders) > > +static int system_heap_set_page_decrypted(struct page *page) > +{ > + unsigned long addr = (unsigned long)page_address(page); > + unsigned int nr_pages = 1 << compound_order(page); > + int ret; > + > + ret = set_memory_decrypted(addr, nr_pages); > + if (ret) > + pr_warn_ratelimited("dma-buf system heap: failed to decrypt page at %p\n", > + page_address(page)); > + > + return ret; > +} > + > +static int system_heap_set_page_encrypted(struct page *page) > +{ > + unsigned long addr = (unsigned long)page_address(page); > + unsigned int nr_pages = 1 << compound_order(page); > + int ret; > + > + ret = set_memory_encrypted(addr, nr_pages); > + if (ret) > + pr_warn_ratelimited("dma-buf system heap: failed to re-encrypt page at %p, leaking memory\n", > + page_address(page)); > + > + return ret; > +} > + > static int dup_sg_table(struct sg_table *from, struct sg_table *to) > { > struct scatterlist *sg, *new_sg; > @@ -90,6 +128,7 @@ static int system_heap_attach(struct dma_buf *dmabuf, > a->dev = attachment->dev; > INIT_LIST_HEAD(&a->list); > a->mapped = false; > + a->decrypted = buffer->decrypted; > > attachment->priv = a; > > @@ -119,9 +158,11 @@ static struct sg_table *system_heap_map_dma_buf(struct dma_buf_attachment *attac > { > struct dma_heap_attachment *a = attachment->priv; > struct sg_table *table = &a->table; > + unsigned long attrs; > int ret; > > - ret = dma_map_sgtable(attachment->dev, table, direction, 0); > + attrs = a->decrypted ? DMA_ATTR_CC_DECRYPTED : 0; > + ret = dma_map_sgtable(attachment->dev, table, direction, attrs); > if (ret) > return ERR_PTR(ret); > > @@ -188,8 +229,13 @@ static int system_heap_mmap(struct dma_buf *dmabuf, struct vm_area_struct *vma) > unsigned long addr = vma->vm_start; > unsigned long pgoff = vma->vm_pgoff; > struct scatterlist *sg; > + pgprot_t prot; > int i, ret; > > + prot = vma->vm_page_prot; > + if (buffer->decrypted) > + prot = pgprot_decrypted(prot); > + > for_each_sgtable_sg(table, sg, i) { > unsigned long n = sg->length >> PAGE_SHIFT; > > @@ -206,8 +252,7 @@ static int system_heap_mmap(struct dma_buf *dmabuf, struct vm_area_struct *vma) > if (addr + size > vma->vm_end) > size = vma->vm_end - addr; > > - ret = remap_pfn_range(vma, addr, page_to_pfn(page), > - size, vma->vm_page_prot); > + ret = remap_pfn_range(vma, addr, page_to_pfn(page), size, prot); > if (ret) > return ret; > > @@ -225,6 +270,7 @@ static void *system_heap_do_vmap(struct system_heap_buffer *buffer) > struct page **pages = vmalloc(sizeof(struct page *) * npages); > struct page **tmp = pages; > struct sg_page_iter piter; > + pgprot_t prot; > void *vaddr; > > if (!pages) > @@ -235,7 +281,10 @@ static void *system_heap_do_vmap(struct system_heap_buffer *buffer) > *tmp++ = sg_page_iter_page(&piter); > } > > - vaddr = vmap(pages, npages, VM_MAP, PAGE_KERNEL); > + prot = PAGE_KERNEL; > + if (buffer->decrypted) > + prot = pgprot_decrypted(prot); > + vaddr = vmap(pages, npages, VM_MAP, prot); > vfree(pages); > > if (!vaddr) > @@ -296,6 +345,14 @@ static void system_heap_dma_buf_release(struct dma_buf *dmabuf) > for_each_sgtable_sg(table, sg, i) { > struct page *page = sg_page(sg); > > + /* > + * Intentionally leak pages that cannot be re-encrypted > + * to prevent decrypted memory from being reused. > + */ > + if (buffer->decrypted && > + system_heap_set_page_encrypted(page)) > + continue; > + > __free_pages(page, compound_order(page)); > } > sg_free_table(table); > @@ -347,6 +404,8 @@ static struct dma_buf *system_heap_allocate(struct dma_heap *heap, > DEFINE_DMA_BUF_EXPORT_INFO(exp_info); > unsigned long size_remaining = len; > unsigned int max_order = orders[0]; > + struct system_heap_priv *priv = dma_heap_get_drvdata(heap); > + bool decrypted = priv->decrypted; > struct dma_buf *dmabuf; > struct sg_table *table; > struct scatterlist *sg; > @@ -362,6 +421,7 @@ static struct dma_buf *system_heap_allocate(struct dma_heap *heap, > mutex_init(&buffer->lock); > buffer->heap = heap; > buffer->len = len; > + buffer->decrypted = decrypted; > > INIT_LIST_HEAD(&pages); > i = 0; > @@ -396,6 +456,14 @@ static struct dma_buf *system_heap_allocate(struct dma_heap *heap, > list_del(&page->lru); > } > > + if (decrypted) { > + for_each_sgtable_sg(table, sg, i) { > + ret = system_heap_set_page_decrypted(sg_page(sg)); > + if (ret) > + goto free_pages; > + } > + } > + > /* create the dmabuf */ > exp_info.exp_name = dma_heap_get_name(heap); > exp_info.ops = &system_heap_buf_ops; > @@ -413,6 +481,13 @@ static struct dma_buf *system_heap_allocate(struct dma_heap *heap, > for_each_sgtable_sg(table, sg, i) { > struct page *p = sg_page(sg); > > + /* > + * Intentionally leak pages that cannot be re-encrypted > + * to prevent decrypted memory from being reused. > + */ > + if (buffer->decrypted && > + system_heap_set_page_encrypted(p)) > + continue; > __free_pages(p, compound_order(p)); > } > sg_free_table(table); > @@ -428,6 +503,14 @@ static const struct dma_heap_ops system_heap_ops = { > .allocate = system_heap_allocate, > }; > > +static struct system_heap_priv system_heap_priv = { > + .decrypted = false, > +}; > + > +static struct system_heap_priv system_heap_cc_decrypted_priv = { > + .decrypted = true, > +}; > + > static int __init system_heap_create(void) > { > struct dma_heap_export_info exp_info; > @@ -435,8 +518,18 @@ static int __init system_heap_create(void) > > exp_info.name = "system"; > exp_info.ops = &system_heap_ops; > - exp_info.priv = NULL; > + exp_info.priv = &system_heap_priv; > + > + sys_heap = dma_heap_add(&exp_info); > + if (IS_ERR(sys_heap)) > + return PTR_ERR(sys_heap); > + > + if (IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_HIGHMEM) || > + !cc_platform_has(CC_ATTR_MEM_ENCRYPT)) > + return 0; > > + exp_info.name = "system_cc_decrypted"; > + exp_info.priv = &system_heap_cc_decrypted_priv; > sys_heap = dma_heap_add(&exp_info); > if (IS_ERR(sys_heap)) > return PTR_ERR(sys_heap); > -- > 2.51.1 >

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Re: [RFC v2 PATCH 04/10] vfio/pci: Add a helper to create a DMABUF for a BAR-map VMA

by Jason Gunthorpe

On Wed, Mar 18, 2026 at 02:04:08PM -0600, Alex Williamson wrote: > AIUI, this affects what the user sees in /proc/<pid>/maps, right? > Previously a memory range could be clearly associated with a specific > vfio device, now, only for vfio-pci devices, I think the range is > associated to a nondescript dmabuf. Probably > If so, is that an acceptable, user > visible, debugging friendly change (ex. lsof)? Thanks, IIRC there is a way to attach a string to the inode that lsof can display, if we do that right it should be good enough. Jason

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