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Why I Keep Coming Back to Agario Even After Getting Eaten a Hundred Times

by xenacious.hoverfly.pnxc＠hidingmail.net

I’ve played a lot of casual browser games over the years. Some lasted a few days before I forgot about them, while others became little habits that I’d revisit whenever I had a few spare minutes. One game that somehow keeps finding its way back into my bookmarks is agario. Play now: https://agario-free.com At first glance, it looks ridiculously simple. You control a tiny circle, move around a giant map, eat pellets, grow bigger, and avoid getting eaten by larger players. That's basically it. But if you've ever spent more than ten minutes playing, you know there's something strangely addictive hiding beneath that simple concept. I've had moments where I felt unstoppable, moments where I laughed out loud at my own mistakes, and moments where I seriously questioned why I kept clicking "Play Again" after losing everything in three seconds. And somehow, that's exactly why I love it. The First Time I Played Agario The first time I opened agario, I honestly didn't expect much. The graphics were basic. There was no tutorial. No complicated progression system. No cinematic introduction. I spawned as a tiny cell and started wandering around collecting colorful dots. For about thirty seconds, everything felt peaceful. Then a giant player appeared from nowhere and swallowed me instantly. Game over. I remember staring at my screen thinking, "Wait... that's it?" A few seconds later, I clicked Play Again. Then again. Then again. Before I knew it, an hour had disappeared. That's when I realized the magic of the game isn't in complexity. It's in the constant cycle of risk, growth, and loss. Every match feels like a fresh start. Why Growing Bigger Feels So Satisfying There's something deeply satisfying about watching your tiny cell slowly become a giant blob. At the beginning of each game, you're vulnerable. Everybody looks dangerous. You spend your time avoiding threats and carefully collecting mass wherever you can find it. Then something changes. You start getting bigger. Suddenly, the players that terrified you a few minutes ago become your targets. That shift in power creates an incredible feeling of progression, even though nothing carries over between matches. One of my favorite memories was surviving for nearly twenty minutes and climbing into the top ten players on the server. I wasn't even trying to be aggressive. I was just playing carefully, avoiding traps, and picking smart opportunities. Watching my name slowly rise on the leaderboard felt surprisingly rewarding. Of course, that success didn't last. Because this is agario. Success never lasts forever. The Funniest Mistakes I've Made The "Easy Target" Disaster One thing I've learned is that confidence can be dangerous. I once spotted a smaller player moving awkwardly near the edge of the map. They looked trapped. I thought I had an easy meal. I rushed toward them without thinking. The next thing I knew, they split into multiple pieces, baited me into a bad position, and led me directly into a player that was twice my size. Within two seconds, I went from hunter to lunch. I couldn't even be mad. The trap was honestly impressive. Accidentally Helping My Enemy Another embarrassing moment happened when I tried to escape from a larger player. In my panic, I ejected mass in the wrong direction. Instead of creating distance, I essentially fed the person chasing me. I made them bigger. They caught me almost immediately. It felt like handing a thief the keys to my own house. The Wall Corner Panic Every experienced player knows this feeling. You're trying to escape. A massive player is gaining on you. You glance at the map. And suddenly realize you've backed yourself into a corner. There is no escape route. No clever strategy. No miracle play. Just acceptance. Those moments always make me laugh because they feel so avoidable in hindsight. The Most Frustrating Experience Getting Huge and Losing Everything If you've played agario, you've probably experienced this. You spend fifteen or twenty minutes building your mass. You're focused. You're careful. You're making smart decisions. You finally reach a size that feels powerful. Then one tiny mistake destroys everything. Maybe you split at the wrong moment. Maybe you get trapped between multiple players. Maybe a virus launches you into a terrible position. Whatever the reason, your giant empire disappears in seconds. I still remember one match where I had my best run of the week. I was sitting comfortably on the leaderboard and feeling invincible. Then I got greedy. I chased a player that wasn't worth the risk. A larger opponent appeared from off-screen. Game over. Twenty minutes of progress vanished instantly. For about five seconds, I considered quitting. Then I clicked Play Again. Surprising Things I Learned From Playing Patience Beats Aggression When I first started, I thought the goal was to chase every smaller player I saw. That strategy rarely worked. The more I played, the more I realized that patience wins far more games. Some of my best runs happened when I focused on survival instead of domination. Avoiding unnecessary risks often leads to bigger rewards later. Bigger Isn't Always Better One thing that surprised me was how difficult movement becomes when you're enormous. A huge cell has power, but it also becomes slower and less flexible. Sometimes medium-sized players can outmaneuver giants and create opportunities that larger players can't respond to quickly enough. The game has a surprisingly balanced risk-reward system. Reading Other Players Matters Many players develop recognizable habits. Some are aggressive. Some are cautious. Some rely heavily on split attacks. After enough matches, I started paying attention to player behavior rather than just player size. That small adjustment improved my survival rate dramatically. My Personal Tips for New Players Stay Near Open Space Getting trapped is one of the most common ways to lose. Whenever possible, I try to keep multiple escape routes available. Don't Chase Everything Not every smaller player is worth pursuing. Sometimes the safest choice is to continue farming pellets and wait for better opportunities. Watch the Entire Screen Tunnel vision is dangerous. It's easy to focus on a target and forget to monitor surrounding threats. Many of my worst defeats happened because I ignored what was happening just outside my field of view. Learn From Every Defeat This sounds obvious, but it helps. Whenever I lose a large amount of mass, I try to identify exactly what went wrong. Most deaths aren't random. They're usually the result of a decision I made thirty seconds earlier. Why Agario Still Feels Fresh What impresses me most about agario is how simple mechanics continue creating unique stories. Every match feels different. Some games are calm and strategic. Others become chaotic battles involving dozens of players. Sometimes I spend ten minutes surviving against impossible odds. Other times I get eaten within fifteen seconds. That unpredictability keeps the experience interesting. No unlocks are required. No battle passes. No complicated systems. Just pure player interaction creating unexpected moments. And honestly, that's refreshing. Final Thoughts Even after all these years, agario remains one of those games I can launch when I want something quick, competitive, and entertaining. It's simple enough for anyone to understand within minutes, yet deep enough to produce memorable stories every time you play. I've laughed at ridiculous mistakes, celebrated unlikely victories, and experienced the heartbreak of losing massive cells after long runs. Somehow, all those emotions are packed into a game built around colorful circles eating each other. That's probably why I keep coming back. No matter how many times I get eaten, there's always that feeling that the next run might be the one where everything goes perfectly. Or at least lasts a little longer. Have you tried it yet? Share your funniest agario moment, or let me know if you've discovered any other fun games worth checking out!

3 days, 4 hours

Re: [PATCH v3 7/9] vfio/pci: Support mmap() of a VFIO DMABUF

by Pranjal Shrivastava

On Wed, Jun 10, 2026 at 04:43:21PM +0100, Matt Evans wrote: Hi Matt, [...] > + * > + * With the goal of taking vdev->memory_lock in a world where > + * vdev might not still exist: > + * > + * 1. Take the resv lock on the DMABUF: > + * - If racing cleanup got in first, the buffer is revoked; > + * stop/exit if so. > + * - If we got in first, the buffer is not revoked so vdev is > + * non-NULL, accessible, and cleanup _has not yet put the > + * VFIO device registration_. So, the device refcount must > + * be >0. > + * > + * 2. Take vfio_device registration (refcount guaranteed >0 > + * hereafter). > + * > + * 3. Unlock the DMABUF's resv lock: > + * - A racing cleanup can now complete. > + * - But, the device refcount >0, meaning the vfio_device > + * (and vfio_pcie_core device vdev) have not yet been > + * freed. vdev is accessible, even if the DMABUF has been > + * revoked or cleanup has happened, because > + * vfio_unregister_group_dev() can't complete. > + * > + * 4. Take the vdev->memory_lock > + * - Either the DMABUF is usable, or has been cleaned up. > + * Whichever, it can no longer change under us. > + * - Test the DMABUF revocation status again: if it was > + * revoked between 1 and 4 return a SIGBUS. Otherwise, > + * return a PFN. > + * - It's not necessary to also take the resv lock, because > + * the status/vdev can't change while memory_lock is held. > + * > + * 5. Unlock, done. > */ > + > + dma_resv_lock(priv->dmabuf->resv, NULL); > + > + if (priv->revoked) { > + pr_debug_ratelimited("%s VA 0x%lx, pgoff 0x%lx: DMABUF revoked/cleaned up\n", > + __func__, vmf->address, vma->vm_pgoff); > + dma_resv_unlock(priv->dmabuf->resv); > + return VM_FAULT_SIGBUS; > + } > + > + /* If the buffer isn't revoked, vdev is valid */ > vdev = priv->vdev; > > + if (!vfio_device_try_get_registration(&vdev->vdev)) { > + /* > + * If vdev != NULL (above), the registration should > + * already be >0 and so this try_get should never > + * fail. > + */ > + dev_warn(&vdev->pdev->dev, "%s: Unexpected registration failure\n", > + __func__); > + dma_resv_unlock(priv->dmabuf->resv); > + return VM_FAULT_SIGBUS; > + } > + dma_resv_unlock(priv->dmabuf->resv); > + > scoped_guard(rwsem_read, &vdev->memory_lock) { > + /* Revocation status must be re-read, under memory_lock */ > if (!priv->revoked) { > int pres = vfio_pci_dma_buf_find_pfn(priv, vma, > vmf->address, Wait, I noticed that the is_aligned_for_order() check from mainline was removed here. Was that intentional? For hugepage faults (order > 0), we must ensure the PFN and address are properly aligned before calling vfio_pci_vmf_insert_pfn(). In the current upstream code, we have: if (is_aligned_for_order(vma, addr, pfn, order)) Should we restore that check here? > @@ -1766,6 +1827,7 @@ static vm_fault_t vfio_pci_mmap_huge_fault(struct vm_fault *vmf, > __func__, order, pfn, vmf->address, > vma->vm_pgoff, (unsigned int)ret); > > + vfio_device_put_registration(&vdev->vdev); > return ret; > } > > @@ -1774,7 +1836,7 @@ static vm_fault_t vfio_pci_mmap_page_fault(struct vm_fault *vmf) > return vfio_pci_mmap_huge_fault(vmf, 0); > } > > -static const struct vm_operations_struct vfio_pci_mmap_ops = { > +const struct vm_operations_struct vfio_pci_mmap_ops = { > .fault = vfio_pci_mmap_page_fault, Nit: Instead of making this global, should we add a helper? E.g.: void vfio_pci_set_vma_ops(struct vm_area_struct *vma) { vma->vm_ops = &vfio_pci_mmap_ops; } [...] > + > +static int vfio_pci_dma_buf_mmap(struct dma_buf *dmabuf, struct vm_area_struct *vma) > +{ > + struct vfio_pci_dma_buf *priv = dmabuf->priv; > + > + /* > + * If we observe that the buffer is revoked now then refuse > + * the mmap(). This is a belt-and-braces early failure to > + * ease debugging a revoked buffer being used. Userspace > + * might also race an mmap() against an explicit revocation, > + * or an action doing a temporary revoke; race scenarios are > + * still safe because the fault handler ultimately prevents > + * access to a revoked buffer if it isn't caught here. > + */ > + if (READ_ONCE(priv->revoked)) > + return -ENODEV; > + if ((vma->vm_flags & VM_SHARED) == 0) > + return -EINVAL; > + > + /* > + * dma_buf_mmap_internal() has asserted that the VMA is > + * contained within the DMABUF size before calling this. > + */ > + > + vma->vm_page_prot = pgprot_noncached(vma->vm_page_prot); > + vma->vm_page_prot = pgprot_decrypted(vma->vm_page_prot); > + > + /* See comments in vfio_pci_core_mmap() re VM_ALLOW_ANY_UNCACHED. */ > + vm_flags_set(vma, VM_ALLOW_ANY_UNCACHED | VM_IO | VM_PFNMAP | > + VM_DONTEXPAND | VM_DONTDUMP); > + vma->vm_private_data = priv; > + vma->vm_ops = &vfio_pci_mmap_ops; > + > + return 0; > +} > #endif /* CONFIG_VFIO_PCI_DMABUF */ > Thanks, Praan

3 days, 10 hours

[PATCH v21 0/4] Rust bindings for gem shmem

by Lyude Paul

Most of this patch series has already been pushed upstream, this is just the second half of the patch series that has not been pushed yet + some additional changes which were required to implement changes requested by the mailing list. This patch series is originally from Asahi, previously posted by Daniel Almeida. The previous version of the patch series can be found here: https://patchwork.freedesktop.org/series/164580/ Branch with patches applied available here: https://gitlab.freedesktop.org/lyudess/linux/-/commits/rust/gem-shmem This patch series applies on top of drm-rust-next Patch-series wide changes since V15: * Fix some major rebasing errors I somehow didn't notice :( * Drop the dependency on LazyInit, use the trick that Alice suggested instead. * Fix dependency ordering so that Tyr can get the vmap stuff first without the other bits. Patch-series wide changes since V16: * Fix ordering one more time (SetOnce::reset() doesn't need to come before adding vmap functions) * Rebase against the latest DeviceContext changes from me that got pushed. Patch-series wide changes since V20: * Lots of Sashiko fixes, excluding the comments that I couldn't prove weren't just bogus. Lyude Paul (4): rust: drm: gem: shmem: Add DmaResvGuard helper rust: drm: gem: shmem: Add vmap functions rust: faux: Allow retrieving a bound Device rust: drm: gem: Introduce shmem::Object::sg_table() rust/kernel/drm/gem/shmem.rs | 547 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++- rust/kernel/faux.rs | 18 +- 2 files changed, 549 insertions(+), 16 deletions(-) base-commit: 550dc7536644db2d67c6f8cf525bba682fba08d9 -- 2.54.0

3 days, 11 hours

Re: [PATCH v3 4/9] vfio/pci: Convert BAR mmap() to use a DMABUF

by Pranjal Shrivastava

On Fri, Jun 12, 2026 at 04:22:12PM +0100, Matt Evans wrote: > Hi Pranjal, > > On 12/06/2026 11:41, Pranjal Shrivastava wrote: > > On Wed, Jun 10, 2026 at 04:43:18PM +0100, Matt Evans wrote: > >> Convert the VFIO device fd fops->mmap to create a DMABUF representing > >> the BAR mapping, and make the VMA fault handler look up PFNs from the > >> corresponding DMABUF. This supports future code mmap()ing BAR > >> DMABUFs, and iommufd work to support Type1 P2P. > >> > >> First, vfio_pci_core_mmap() uses the new > >> vfio_pci_core_mmap_prep_dmabuf() helper to export a DMABUF > >> representing a single BAR range. Then, the vfio_pci_mmap_huge_fault() > >> callback is updated to understand revoked buffers, and uses the new > >> vfio_pci_dma_buf_find_pfn() helper to determine the PFN for a given > >> fault address. > >> > >> Now that the VFIO DMABUFs can be mmap()ed, vfio_pci_dma_buf_move() > >> zaps PTEs (used on the revocation and cleanup paths). > >> > >> CONFIG_VFIO_PCI_CORE now unconditionally depends on > >> CONFIG_DMA_SHARED_BUFFER and CONFIG_PCI_P2PDMA_CORE. The > >> CONFIG_VFIO_PCI_DMABUF feature conditionally includes support for > >> VFIO_DEVICE_FEATURE_DMA_BUF, depending on the availability of > >> CONFIG_PCI_P2PDMA. > >> > >> Signed-off-by: Matt Evans <matt(a)ozlabs.org> > >> --- > >> drivers/vfio/pci/Kconfig | 5 +- > >> drivers/vfio/pci/Makefile | 3 +- > >> drivers/vfio/pci/vfio_pci_core.c | 75 +++++++++++++++++++----------- > >> drivers/vfio/pci/vfio_pci_dmabuf.c | 12 +++++ > >> drivers/vfio/pci/vfio_pci_priv.h | 11 +---- > >> 5 files changed, 67 insertions(+), 39 deletions(-) Hi Matt, [...] > >> int vfio_pci_core_mmap_prep_dmabuf(struct vfio_pci_core_device *vdev, > >> struct vm_area_struct *vma, > >> @@ -532,6 +538,10 @@ void vfio_pci_dma_buf_move(struct vfio_pci_core_device *vdev, bool revoked) > >> struct vfio_pci_dma_buf *tmp; > >> > >> lockdep_assert_held_write(&vdev->memory_lock); > >> + /* > >> + * Holding memory_lock ensures a racing VMA fault observes > >> + * priv->revoked properly. > >> + */ > > > > Nit: This comment should appear before the lockdep_assert_held_write() > > Also, it is slightly verbose.. (not against it though). > > Right, I'll move it. Agree it's wordy but if anyone changes that I want > them to "think faulthandler". > That's fair I guess. > >> list_for_each_entry_safe(priv, tmp, &vdev->dmabufs, dmabufs_elm) { > >> if (!get_file_active(&priv->dmabuf->file)) > >> @@ -549,6 +559,8 @@ void vfio_pci_dma_buf_move(struct vfio_pci_core_device *vdev, bool revoked) > >> if (revoked) { > >> kref_put(&priv->kref, vfio_pci_dma_buf_done); > >> wait_for_completion(&priv->comp); > >> + unmap_mapping_range(priv->dmabuf->file->f_mapping, > >> + 0, priv->size, 1); > > > > Have we run this series with lockdep enabled? > > I guess it'd be nice to check with lockdep once.. > > I've (generally) always run testing of this series with lockdep. (No > issues (anymore).) That sounds good! Thanks for confirming! :) Praan

3 days, 11 hours

Re: [PATCH v3 6/9] vfio/pci: Clean up BAR zap and revocation

by Pranjal Shrivastava

On Wed, Jun 10, 2026 at 04:43:20PM +0100, Matt Evans wrote: > Previously, vfio_pci_zap_bars() (and the wrapper > vfio_pci_zap_and_down_write_memory_lock()) calls were paired with > calls to vfio_pci_dma_buf_move(). > > This commit replaces them with a unified new function, > vfio_pci_zap_revoke_bars() containing both the vfio_pci_dma_buf_move() > and the unmap_mapping_range(), making it harder for callers to omit > one. It adds a wrapper, vfio_pci_lock_zap_revoke_bars(), which takes > the write memory_lock before zapping, and adds a new > vfio_pci_unrevoke_bars() for the re-enable path. > > As of "vfio/pci: Convert BAR mmap() to use a DMABUF", the > unmap_mapping_range() to zap is no longer performed for vfio-pci since > the DMABUFs used for BAR mappings already zap PTEs when the > vfio_pci_dma_buf_move() occurs. > > However, it must be assumed that VFIO drivers which override the .mmap > op could create mappings _not_ backed by DMABUFs. So, the zap is > still performed on revoke if .mmap is overridden, using a new > zap_bars_on_revoke flag. A driver can explicitly opt out; the flag is > cleared by the hisi_acc_vfio_pci driver, since its .mmap just wraps > vfio_pci_core_mmap() and so still uses DMABUFs. > > Signed-off-by: Matt Evans <matt(a)ozlabs.org> > --- > .../vfio/pci/hisilicon/hisi_acc_vfio_pci.c | 8 +++ > drivers/vfio/pci/vfio_pci_config.c | 30 ++++---- > drivers/vfio/pci/vfio_pci_core.c | 70 +++++++++++++------ > drivers/vfio/pci/vfio_pci_priv.h | 3 +- > include/linux/vfio_pci_core.h | 1 + > 5 files changed, 73 insertions(+), 39 deletions(-) > > diff --git a/drivers/vfio/pci/hisilicon/hisi_acc_vfio_pci.c b/drivers/vfio/pci/hisilicon/hisi_acc_vfio_pci.c > index 86362ec424a5..51990f6d66d5 100644 > --- a/drivers/vfio/pci/hisilicon/hisi_acc_vfio_pci.c > +++ b/drivers/vfio/pci/hisilicon/hisi_acc_vfio_pci.c > @@ -1692,6 +1692,14 @@ static int hisi_acc_vfio_pci_probe(struct pci_dev *pdev, const struct pci_device > if (ret) > goto out_put_vdev; > > + /* > + * hisi_acc_vfio_pci_mmap() calls down to > + * vfio_pci_core_mmap(), so BAR mappings are still > + * DMABUF-backed. They don't require a zap on revoke, so opt > + * out: > + */ > + hisi_acc_vdev->core_device.zap_bars_on_revoke = false; > + This seems to be happening after we vfio_pci_core_register_device, which could be slightly problematic if another device in the same group races to trigger a hot reset before we can set this to false. Could we initialize this flag before registration instead? > hisi_acc_vfio_debug_init(hisi_acc_vdev); > return 0; > > diff --git a/drivers/vfio/pci/vfio_pci_config.c b/drivers/vfio/pci/vfio_pci_config.c > index a10ed733f0e3..8bfab0da481c 100644 > --- a/drivers/vfio/pci/vfio_pci_config.c > +++ b/drivers/vfio/pci/vfio_pci_config.c > @@ -590,12 +590,10 @@ static int vfio_basic_config_write(struct vfio_pci_core_device *vdev, int pos, > virt_mem = !!(le16_to_cpu(*virt_cmd) & PCI_COMMAND_MEMORY); > new_mem = !!(new_cmd & PCI_COMMAND_MEMORY); > > - if (!new_mem) { > - vfio_pci_zap_and_down_write_memory_lock(vdev); > - vfio_pci_dma_buf_move(vdev, true); > - } else { > + if (!new_mem) > + vfio_pci_lock_zap_revoke_bars(vdev); > + else > down_write(&vdev->memory_lock); > - } > > /* > * If the user is writing mem/io enable (new_mem/io) and we > @@ -631,7 +629,7 @@ static int vfio_basic_config_write(struct vfio_pci_core_device *vdev, int pos, > *virt_cmd |= cpu_to_le16(new_cmd & mask); > > if (__vfio_pci_memory_enabled(vdev)) > - vfio_pci_dma_buf_move(vdev, false); > + vfio_pci_unrevoke_bars(vdev); > up_write(&vdev->memory_lock); > } > > @@ -712,16 +710,14 @@ static int __init init_pci_cap_basic_perm(struct perm_bits *perm) > static void vfio_lock_and_set_power_state(struct vfio_pci_core_device *vdev, > pci_power_t state) > { > - if (state >= PCI_D3hot) { > - vfio_pci_zap_and_down_write_memory_lock(vdev); > - vfio_pci_dma_buf_move(vdev, true); > - } else { > + if (state >= PCI_D3hot) > + vfio_pci_lock_zap_revoke_bars(vdev); > + else > down_write(&vdev->memory_lock); > - } > > vfio_pci_set_power_state(vdev, state); > if (__vfio_pci_memory_enabled(vdev)) > - vfio_pci_dma_buf_move(vdev, false); > + vfio_pci_unrevoke_bars(vdev); > up_write(&vdev->memory_lock); > } > > @@ -908,11 +904,10 @@ static int vfio_exp_config_write(struct vfio_pci_core_device *vdev, int pos, > &cap); > > if (!ret && (cap & PCI_EXP_DEVCAP_FLR)) { > - vfio_pci_zap_and_down_write_memory_lock(vdev); > - vfio_pci_dma_buf_move(vdev, true); > + vfio_pci_lock_zap_revoke_bars(vdev); > pci_try_reset_function(vdev->pdev); > if (__vfio_pci_memory_enabled(vdev)) > - vfio_pci_dma_buf_move(vdev, false); > + vfio_pci_unrevoke_bars(vdev); > up_write(&vdev->memory_lock); > } > } > @@ -993,11 +988,10 @@ static int vfio_af_config_write(struct vfio_pci_core_device *vdev, int pos, > &cap); > > if (!ret && (cap & PCI_AF_CAP_FLR) && (cap & PCI_AF_CAP_TP)) { > - vfio_pci_zap_and_down_write_memory_lock(vdev); > - vfio_pci_dma_buf_move(vdev, true); > + vfio_pci_lock_zap_revoke_bars(vdev); > pci_try_reset_function(vdev->pdev); > if (__vfio_pci_memory_enabled(vdev)) > - vfio_pci_dma_buf_move(vdev, false); > + vfio_pci_unrevoke_bars(vdev); > up_write(&vdev->memory_lock); > } > } > diff --git a/drivers/vfio/pci/vfio_pci_core.c b/drivers/vfio/pci/vfio_pci_core.c > index f9636d8f9e2a..5ea0bd4e7876 100644 > --- a/drivers/vfio/pci/vfio_pci_core.c > +++ b/drivers/vfio/pci/vfio_pci_core.c > @@ -319,8 +319,7 @@ static int vfio_pci_runtime_pm_entry(struct vfio_pci_core_device *vdev, > * The vdev power related flags are protected with 'memory_lock' > * semaphore. > */ > - vfio_pci_zap_and_down_write_memory_lock(vdev); > - vfio_pci_dma_buf_move(vdev, true); > + vfio_pci_lock_zap_revoke_bars(vdev); > > if (vdev->pm_runtime_engaged) { > up_write(&vdev->memory_lock); > @@ -406,7 +405,7 @@ static void vfio_pci_runtime_pm_exit(struct vfio_pci_core_device *vdev) > down_write(&vdev->memory_lock); > __vfio_pci_runtime_pm_exit(vdev); > if (__vfio_pci_memory_enabled(vdev)) > - vfio_pci_dma_buf_move(vdev, false); > + vfio_pci_unrevoke_bars(vdev); > up_write(&vdev->memory_lock); > } > > @@ -1256,6 +1255,8 @@ static int vfio_pci_ioctl_set_irqs(struct vfio_pci_core_device *vdev, > return ret; > } > > +static void vfio_pci_zap_revoke_bars(struct vfio_pci_core_device *vdev); > + > static int vfio_pci_ioctl_reset(struct vfio_pci_core_device *vdev, > void __user *arg) > { > @@ -1264,7 +1265,7 @@ static int vfio_pci_ioctl_reset(struct vfio_pci_core_device *vdev, > if (!vdev->reset_works) > return -EINVAL; > > - vfio_pci_zap_and_down_write_memory_lock(vdev); > + down_write(&vdev->memory_lock); > > /* > * This function can be invoked while the power state is non-D0. If > @@ -1277,10 +1278,11 @@ static int vfio_pci_ioctl_reset(struct vfio_pci_core_device *vdev, > */ > vfio_pci_set_power_state(vdev, PCI_D0); > > - vfio_pci_dma_buf_move(vdev, true); > + vfio_pci_zap_revoke_bars(vdev); I'm wondering if this change in behavior is correct? BEFORE this patch the sequence was: 1. zap vma mappings 2. Enter D0 After this patch the sequence becomes 1. Take the lock 2. Enter D0 3. zap vma mappings My worry is if user-space accesses a BAR *during* the transition to D0, it could crash since the mappings still exist during the transition? The old code is immune to it because it removed user-mappings first. Following the discussion from v1 regarding the ordering of vfio_pci_dma_buf_move() and the D0 transition.. while it makes sense to perform the DMABUF revocation/move after the hardware is in D0.. I'm not too confident about moving zap after D0 :/ I mean, sure, the user would just see all Fs on a read and writes will be dropped silently until we are in D0.. but the behaviour before this change was that the user access will fault and hang on the memory_lock instead which ensures that the user observes a consistent dev state.. > + > ret = pci_try_reset_function(vdev->pdev); > if (__vfio_pci_memory_enabled(vdev)) > - vfio_pci_dma_buf_move(vdev, false); > + vfio_pci_unrevoke_bars(vdev); > up_write(&vdev->memory_lock); > > return ret; > @@ -1648,20 +1650,37 @@ ssize_t vfio_pci_core_write(struct vfio_device *core_vdev, const char __user *bu > } Thanks, Praan

3 days, 11 hours

[PATCH v20 0/4] Rust bindings for gem shmem

by Lyude Paul

Most of this patch series has already been pushed upstream, this is just the second half of the patch series that has not been pushed yet + some additional changes which were required to implement changes requested by the mailing list. This patch series is originally from Asahi, previously posted by Daniel Almeida. The previous version of the patch series can be found here: https://patchwork.freedesktop.org/series/164580/ Branch with patches applied available here: https://gitlab.freedesktop.org/lyudess/linux/-/commits/rust/gem-shmem This patch series applies on top of drm-rust-next Patch-series wide changes since V15: * Fix some major rebasing errors I somehow didn't notice :( * Drop the dependency on LazyInit, use the trick that Alice suggested instead. * Fix dependency ordering so that Tyr can get the vmap stuff first without the other bits. Patch-series wide changes since V16: * Fix ordering one more time (SetOnce::reset() doesn't need to come before adding vmap functions) * Rebase against the latest DeviceContext changes from me that got pushed. Patch-series wide changes since V20: * Lots of Sashiko fixes, excluding the comments that I couldn't prove weren't just bogus. Lyude Paul (4): rust: drm: gem: shmem: Add DmaResvGuard helper rust: drm: gem: shmem: Add vmap functions rust: faux: Allow retrieving a bound Device rust: drm: gem: Introduce shmem::Object::sg_table() rust/kernel/drm/gem/shmem.rs | 546 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++- rust/kernel/faux.rs | 16 +- 2 files changed, 546 insertions(+), 16 deletions(-) base-commit: 848bf57e98e1678ce7a49eb4e0bf0502da95dc07 -- 2.54.0

3 days, 11 hours

Re: [PATCH v3 2/9] vfio/pci: Add a helper to look up PFNs for DMABUFs

by Pranjal Shrivastava

On Wed, Jun 10, 2026 at 04:43:16PM +0100, Matt Evans wrote: > Add vfio_pci_dma_buf_find_pfn(), which a VMA fault handler can use to > find a PFN. > > This supports multi-range DMABUFs, which typically would be used to > represent scattered spans but might even represent overlapping or > aliasing spans of PFNs. > > Because this is intended to be used in vfio_pci_core.c, we also need > to expose the struct vfio_pci_dma_buf in the vfio_pci_priv.h header. > > Signed-off-by: Matt Evans <matt(a)ozlabs.org> > --- > drivers/vfio/pci/vfio_pci_dmabuf.c | 137 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++--- > drivers/vfio/pci/vfio_pci_priv.h | 20 +++++ > 2 files changed, 144 insertions(+), 13 deletions(-) > > diff --git a/drivers/vfio/pci/vfio_pci_dmabuf.c b/drivers/vfio/pci/vfio_pci_dmabuf.c > index c16f460c01d6..9e5e865f6fb6 100644 > --- a/drivers/vfio/pci/vfio_pci_dmabuf.c > +++ b/drivers/vfio/pci/vfio_pci_dmabuf.c > @@ -9,19 +9,6 @@ > > MODULE_IMPORT_NS("DMA_BUF"); > > -struct vfio_pci_dma_buf { > - struct dma_buf *dmabuf; > - struct vfio_pci_core_device *vdev; > - struct list_head dmabufs_elm; > - size_t size; > - struct phys_vec *phys_vec; > - struct p2pdma_provider *provider; > - u32 nr_ranges; > - struct kref kref; > - struct completion comp; > - u8 revoked : 1; > -}; > - > static int vfio_pci_dma_buf_attach(struct dma_buf *dmabuf, > struct dma_buf_attachment *attachment) > { > @@ -106,6 +93,130 @@ static const struct dma_buf_ops vfio_pci_dmabuf_ops = { > .release = vfio_pci_dma_buf_release, > }; > > +int vfio_pci_dma_buf_find_pfn(struct vfio_pci_dma_buf *priv, > + struct vm_area_struct *vma, > + unsigned long address, Nit: s/address/fault_addr ? > + unsigned int order, > + unsigned long *out_pfn) > +{ > + /* > + * Given a VMA (start, end, pgoffs) and a fault address, > + * search the corresponding DMABUF's phys_vec[] to find the > + * range representing the address's offset into the VMA, and > + * its PFN. > + * > + * The phys_vec[] ranges represent contiguous spans of VAs > + * upwards from the buffer offset 0; the actual PFNs might be > + * in any order, overlap/alias, etc. Calculate an offset of > + * the desired page given VMA start/pgoff and address, then > + * search upwards from 0 to find which span contains it. > + * > + * On success, a valid PFN for a page sized by 'order' is > + * returned into out_pfn. > + * > + * Failure occurs if: > + * - The page would cross the edge of the VMA > + * - The page isn't entirely contained within a range > + * - We find a range, but the final PFN isn't aligned to the > + * requested order. > + * > + * (Upon failure, the caller is expected to try again with a > + * smaller order; the tests above will always succeed for > + * order=0 as the limit case.) > + * > + * It's suboptimal if DMABUFs are created with neigbouring > + * ranges that are physically contiguous, since hugepages > + * can't straddle range boundaries. (The construction of the > + * ranges vector should merge such ranges.) > + * > + * Finally, vma_pgoff_adjust is used for a DMABUF representing > + * a VFIO BAR mmap, which is created from the start of the > + * offset region. > + */ > + > + const unsigned long pagesize = PAGE_SIZE << order; > + unsigned long vma_off = ((vma->vm_pgoff - priv->vma_pgoff_adjust) << > + PAGE_SHIFT) & VFIO_PCI_OFFSET_MASK; > + unsigned long rounded_page_addr = ALIGN_DOWN(address, pagesize); > + unsigned long rounded_page_end = rounded_page_addr + pagesize; > + unsigned long page_buf_offset; > + unsigned long page_buf_offset_end; > + unsigned long range_buf_offset = 0; > + unsigned int i; > + > + if (rounded_page_addr < vma->vm_start || rounded_page_end > vma->vm_end) { > + if (order > 0) > + return -EAGAIN; > + > + /* A fault address outside of the VMA is absurd. */ > + WARN(1, "Fault addr 0x%lx outside VMA 0x%lx-0x%lx\n", > + address, vma->vm_start, vma->vm_end); This could flood dmesg if triggered repeatedly by userspace :( Since a fault outside the VMA is an invalid access that already results in a SIGBUS, we could probably avoid the WARN here? Perhaps pr_warn_ratelimited() should suffice? > + return -EFAULT; > + } > + > + /* > + * page_buff_offset[_end] is the span of DMABUF offsets > + * corresponding to the faulting page: > + */ > + if (unlikely(check_add_overflow(rounded_page_addr - vma->vm_start, > + vma_off, &page_buf_offset) || > + check_add_overflow(page_buf_offset, pagesize, > + &page_buf_offset_end))) > + return -EFAULT; > + > + for (i = 0; i < priv->nr_ranges; i++) { > + size_t range_len = priv->phys_vec[i].len; > + phys_addr_t range_start = priv->phys_vec[i].paddr; > + > + /* > + * If the current range starts after the page's span, > + * this and any future range won't match. Bail early. > + */ > + if (page_buf_offset_end <= range_buf_offset) > + break; > + > + if (page_buf_offset >= range_buf_offset && > + page_buf_offset_end <= range_buf_offset + range_len) { > + /* > + * The faulting page is wholly contained > + * within the span represented by the range. > + * Validate PFN alignment for the order: > + */ > + unsigned long pfn = (range_start + page_buf_offset - > + range_buf_offset) / PAGE_SIZE; Minor nit: I'm aware that decent compilers convert pow(2) divides to >> However, we seem to be using `>> PAGE_SHIFT` across vfio-pci. E.g.: return (pci_resource_start(vdev->pdev, index) >> PAGE_SHIFT) + pgoff; unsigned long pgoff = (addr - vma->vm_start) >> PAGE_SHIFT; Let's consider using the same pattern? > + > + if (IS_ALIGNED(pfn, 1 << order)) { > + *out_pfn = pfn; > + return 0; > + } > + /* Retry with smaller order */ > + return -EAGAIN; > + } > + range_buf_offset += range_len; > + } > + > + /* > + * A hugepage straddling a range boundary will fail to match a > + * range, but the address will (eventually) match when retried > + * with a smaller page. > + */ > + if (order > 0) > + return -EAGAIN; > + > + /* > + * If we get here, the address fell outside of the span > + * represented by the (concatenated) ranges. Setup of a Nit: double space before "Setup" and "But" below. > + * mapping must ensure that the VMA is <= the total size of > + * the ranges, so this should never happen. But, if it does, > + * force SIGBUS for the access and warn. > + */ > + WARN_ONCE(1, "No range for addr 0x%lx, order %d: VMA 0x%lx-0x%lx pgoff 0x%lx, %u ranges, size 0x%zx\n", > + address, order, vma->vm_start, vma->vm_end, vma->vm_pgoff, > + priv->nr_ranges, priv->size); > + > + return -EFAULT; The fall-through logic at the end feels a bit redundant. If we've exhausted the phys_vec list without finding a match, returning -EAGAIN for order > 0 seems like the correct fallback behavior. However, the subsequent WARN_ONCE for the order == 0 seems unnecessary? An out-of-bounds access is an error that should simply return -EFAULT (converting to SIGBUS) without polluting the kernel log with stackdumps? Can we instead convert this to a pr_warn or something? Something like: ret = order ? -EAGAIN : -EFAULT; if (ret == -EFAULT) pr_warn_ratelimited("No range for addr 0x%lx...\n", address); return ret; (with appropriate comments) Thanks, Praan

3 days, 12 hours

Re: [PATCH v3 0/9] vfio/pci: Add mmap() for DMABUFs

by Pranjal Shrivastava

On Fri, Jun 12, 2026 at 04:11:50PM +0100, Matt Evans wrote: > Hi Kevin, > > On 12/06/2026 09:27, Tian, Kevin wrote: > >> From: Matt Evans <matt(a)ozlabs.org> > >> Sent: Wednesday, June 10, 2026 11:43 PM > >> > > [...] > >> > >> vfio/pci: Support mmap() of a VFIO DMABUF > >> > >> Adds mmap() for a DMABUF fd exported from vfio-pci. > >> > >> It was a goal to keep the VFIO device fd lifetime behaviour > >> unchanged with respect to the DMABUFs. An application can close > >> all device fds, and this will revoke/clean up all DMABUFs; no > >> mappings or other access can be performed now. When enabling > >> mmap() of the DMABUFs, this means access through the VMA is also > >> revoked. This complicates the fault handler because whilst the > >> DMABUF exists, it has no guarantee that the corresponding VFIO > >> device is still alive. Adds synchronisation ensuring the vdev is > >> available before vdev->memory_lock is touched; this holds the > >> device registration so that even if the buffer has been cleaned up, > >> vdev hasn't been freed and so the lock can be safely taken. > >> > >> This commit makes VFIO_PCI_CORE depend on PCI_P2PDMA_CORE > >> (commit > >> 1) to bring in (only) the P2PDMA provider code. > > > > the last sentence is stale as the dependency is now added in patch4. > > Right, will fix. > > >> > >> End > >> === > >> > >> This is based on VFIO next (e.g. at b9285405c5f6). > >> > > > > Sashiko failed to apply this series. Is there dependent work in vfio-next? > > > > otherwise getting a Sashiko review is helpful here. > > It _did_ depend on (at least the context of) some fixes in vfio-next. > Looks like it'll rebase on master now those are merged. I should've > re-checked this for v3, oops. :| > > (FWIW, I had Robot Claude Opus 4.8 to review several times up to v3. > But I agree, Sashiko would be interesting too. Can it be manually > triggered with branch guidance?) I guess relevant steps to run locally are here: https://github.com/sashiko-dev/sashiko/blob/main/README.md Additionally, we can try providing a base-commit (which points to a public commit). Thanks, Praan

3 days, 15 hours

Re: [PATCH v3 5/9] vfio/pci: Provide a user-facing name for BAR mappings

by Pranjal Shrivastava

On Wed, Jun 10, 2026 at 04:43:19PM +0100, Matt Evans wrote: > Since converting BAR mmap()s to using DMABUFs, we lose the original > device path in /proc/<pid>/maps, lsof, etc. Generate a debug-oriented > synthetic 'filename' based on the cdev, plus BDF, plus resource index. > > This applies only to BAR mappings via the VFIO device fd, as > explicitly-exported DMABUFs are named by userspace via the > DMA_BUF_SET_NAME ioctl. > > Signed-off-by: Matt Evans <matt(a)ozlabs.org> > --- > drivers/vfio/pci/vfio_pci_dmabuf.c | 27 +++++++++++++++++++++++++-- > 1 file changed, 25 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-) > > diff --git a/drivers/vfio/pci/vfio_pci_dmabuf.c b/drivers/vfio/pci/vfio_pci_dmabuf.c > index 2fd3629789bf..8f7f1b909b94 100644 > --- a/drivers/vfio/pci/vfio_pci_dmabuf.c > +++ b/drivers/vfio/pci/vfio_pci_dmabuf.c > @@ -4,6 +4,7 @@ > #include <linux/dma-buf-mapping.h> > #include <linux/pci-p2pdma.h> > #include <linux/dma-resv.h> > +#include <uapi/linux/dma-buf.h> > > #include "vfio_pci_priv.h" > > @@ -470,6 +471,7 @@ int vfio_pci_core_mmap_prep_dmabuf(struct vfio_pci_core_device *vdev, > { > struct vfio_pci_dma_buf *priv; > unsigned long vma_pgoff = vma->vm_pgoff & (VFIO_PCI_OFFSET_MASK >> PAGE_SHIFT); > + char *bufname; > int ret; > > priv = kzalloc_obj(*priv); > @@ -482,6 +484,20 @@ int vfio_pci_core_mmap_prep_dmabuf(struct vfio_pci_core_device *vdev, > goto err_free_priv; > } > > + bufname = kzalloc(DMA_BUF_NAME_LEN, GFP_KERNEL); > + if (!bufname) { > + ret = -ENOMEM; > + goto err_free_phys; > + } > + > + /* > + * Maximum size of the friendly debug name is > + * vfio1234567890:ffff:ff:3f.7/5 = 30, which fits within > + * DMA_BUF_NAME_LEN. > + */ > + snprintf(bufname, DMA_BUF_NAME_LEN, "%s:%s/%x", > + dev_name(&vdev->vdev.device), pci_name(vdev->pdev), res_index); > + Nit: Could we instead use: bufname = kasprintf(GFP_KERNEL, "%s:%s/%x", dev_name(&vdev->vdev.device), pci_name(vdev->pdev), res_index); if (!bufname) ret = -ENOMEM; [...] > /* > * The DMABUF begins from the mmap()'s BAR offset, i.e. the > * start of the VMA corresponds to byte 0 of the DMABUF and > @@ -500,7 +516,7 @@ int vfio_pci_core_mmap_prep_dmabuf(struct vfio_pci_core_device *vdev, > priv->provider = pcim_p2pdma_provider(vdev->pdev, res_index); > if (!priv->provider) { > ret = -EINVAL; > - goto err_free_phys; > + goto err_free_name; > } > > priv->phys_vec[0].paddr = phys_start + ((u64)vma_pgoff << PAGE_SHIFT); > @@ -508,7 +524,7 @@ int vfio_pci_core_mmap_prep_dmabuf(struct vfio_pci_core_device *vdev, > > ret = vfio_pci_dmabuf_export(vdev, priv, O_CLOEXEC | O_RDWR); > if (ret) > - goto err_free_phys; > + goto err_free_name; > > /* > * Ownership of the DMABUF file transfers to the VMA so that > @@ -523,8 +539,15 @@ int vfio_pci_core_mmap_prep_dmabuf(struct vfio_pci_core_device *vdev, > vma->vm_file = priv->dmabuf->file; > vma->vm_private_data = priv; > > + spin_lock(&priv->dmabuf->name_lock); > + kfree(priv->dmabuf->name); > + priv->dmabuf->name = bufname; > + spin_unlock(&priv->dmabuf->name_lock); > + > return 0; > > +err_free_name: > + kfree(bufname); > err_free_phys: > kfree(priv->phys_vec); > err_free_priv: Apart from that, Reviewed-by: Pranjal Shrivastava <praan(a)google.com> Thanks, Praan

3 days, 16 hours

Re: [PATCH v3 4/9] vfio/pci: Convert BAR mmap() to use a DMABUF

by Pranjal Shrivastava

On Wed, Jun 10, 2026 at 04:43:18PM +0100, Matt Evans wrote: > Convert the VFIO device fd fops->mmap to create a DMABUF representing > the BAR mapping, and make the VMA fault handler look up PFNs from the > corresponding DMABUF. This supports future code mmap()ing BAR > DMABUFs, and iommufd work to support Type1 P2P. > > First, vfio_pci_core_mmap() uses the new > vfio_pci_core_mmap_prep_dmabuf() helper to export a DMABUF > representing a single BAR range. Then, the vfio_pci_mmap_huge_fault() > callback is updated to understand revoked buffers, and uses the new > vfio_pci_dma_buf_find_pfn() helper to determine the PFN for a given > fault address. > > Now that the VFIO DMABUFs can be mmap()ed, vfio_pci_dma_buf_move() > zaps PTEs (used on the revocation and cleanup paths). > > CONFIG_VFIO_PCI_CORE now unconditionally depends on > CONFIG_DMA_SHARED_BUFFER and CONFIG_PCI_P2PDMA_CORE. The > CONFIG_VFIO_PCI_DMABUF feature conditionally includes support for > VFIO_DEVICE_FEATURE_DMA_BUF, depending on the availability of > CONFIG_PCI_P2PDMA. > > Signed-off-by: Matt Evans <matt(a)ozlabs.org> > --- > drivers/vfio/pci/Kconfig | 5 +- > drivers/vfio/pci/Makefile | 3 +- > drivers/vfio/pci/vfio_pci_core.c | 75 +++++++++++++++++++----------- > drivers/vfio/pci/vfio_pci_dmabuf.c | 12 +++++ > drivers/vfio/pci/vfio_pci_priv.h | 11 +---- > 5 files changed, 67 insertions(+), 39 deletions(-) > > diff --git a/drivers/vfio/pci/Kconfig b/drivers/vfio/pci/Kconfig > index 296bf01e185e..67a2ae1fbc04 100644 > --- a/drivers/vfio/pci/Kconfig > +++ b/drivers/vfio/pci/Kconfig > @@ -6,6 +6,8 @@ config VFIO_PCI_CORE > tristate > select VFIO_VIRQFD > select IRQ_BYPASS_MANAGER > + select PCI_P2PDMA_CORE > + select DMA_SHARED_BUFFER > > config VFIO_PCI_INTX > def_bool y if !S390 > @@ -56,7 +58,8 @@ config VFIO_PCI_ZDEV_KVM > To enable s390x KVM vfio-pci extensions, say Y. > > config VFIO_PCI_DMABUF > - def_bool y if VFIO_PCI_CORE && PCI_P2PDMA && DMA_SHARED_BUFFER > + def_bool y if PCI_P2PDMA > + depends on VFIO_PCI_CORE > > source "drivers/vfio/pci/mlx5/Kconfig" > [...] > int vfio_pci_core_mmap_prep_dmabuf(struct vfio_pci_core_device *vdev, > struct vm_area_struct *vma, > @@ -532,6 +538,10 @@ void vfio_pci_dma_buf_move(struct vfio_pci_core_device *vdev, bool revoked) > struct vfio_pci_dma_buf *tmp; > > lockdep_assert_held_write(&vdev->memory_lock); > + /* > + * Holding memory_lock ensures a racing VMA fault observes > + * priv->revoked properly. > + */ Nit: This comment should appear before the lockdep_assert_held_write() Also, it is slightly verbose.. (not against it though). > > list_for_each_entry_safe(priv, tmp, &vdev->dmabufs, dmabufs_elm) { > if (!get_file_active(&priv->dmabuf->file)) > @@ -549,6 +559,8 @@ void vfio_pci_dma_buf_move(struct vfio_pci_core_device *vdev, bool revoked) > if (revoked) { > kref_put(&priv->kref, vfio_pci_dma_buf_done); > wait_for_completion(&priv->comp); > + unmap_mapping_range(priv->dmabuf->file->f_mapping, > + 0, priv->size, 1); Have we run this series with lockdep enabled? I guess it'd be nice to check with lockdep once.. Apart from these, Reviewed-by: Pranjal Shrivastava <praan(a)google.com> Thanks, Praan

3 days, 20 hours

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