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[PATCH 0/4] rust / dma_buf: Add abstractions for dma_fence

by Philipp Stanner

Changes since the RFC: - Include support for ForeignOwnable for ARef, so that a Fence can be stuffed into an XArray et al. (Code by Danilo) - Implement ForeignOwnable (with new borrow type) for DriverFence, so that it can be stuffed into an XArray. - Include the rcu::RcuBox data type to defer dropping data with RCU (Cody by Alice) - Port DmaFence to RcuBox to make UAF bugs through later, new dma_fence callbacks (backend_ops) impossible. - Force users to pass their fence data in an RcuBox (or have it not need drop()) through a Sealed trait. - Document the rules for the user's DriverFence::data's drop implementation very clearly (deadlock danger). - rustfmt, Clippy. - Various style suggestions, safety comments, etc. (Önur) - Add __rust_helper prefix to helper functions. (Önur) Changes in RFC v3: - Omit JobQueue patches for now - Completely redesign the memory layout: Instead of a Fence refcounting a DriverFence, both now live in the same allocation to allow for future support the dma_fence backend_ops callbacks which need to do container_of. (mostly Boris's feedback) - Allow for pre-allocating fences to avoid deadlocks when submitting jobs to a GPU. (Boris) - Simultaneously, allow for pre-preparing fence callback objects, so the driver can allocate them when it sees fit. (code largely stolen and inspired by Daniel). - Signal fences on drop, ensure synchronization. - Force users to set an error code when signalling. - Write more documentation - A ton of minor other changes. Alright, so since the last RFCs did not reveal significant design issues, I decided to transition this series to a v1 and hope that we can get it upstream. This now includes code for more common infrastructure that dma_fence needs, contributed by Danilo and Alice. --- Old cover letter for RFC: So, this is the spiritual successor of the first / second RFC [1]. v2 also contained code for drm::JobQueue, but mostly to show how the fence code would be used. JobQueue is under heavy rework right now, so I don't want to bother your eyes with it. The docstring examples should show how Rust fences are supposed to be used, though. This v3 contains a huge amount of highly valuable feedback from a variety of people, notably Boris, but also from Alice, Gary and Danilo. There are some TODOs open (a better trait for fence backend_ops and RCU support), but my hope is that this effort is now finally approaching its end. I would greatly appreciate feedback and especially more information about what might be missing to make this usable, which is obviously where Daniel's and Boris's feedback will be valuable once more. Please regard this patch just as what it's titled: an RFC, to discuss a bit more and to inform a broader community about what the current state is and where this is heading at. Many regards, Philipp [1] https://lore.kernel.org/rust-for-linux/20260203081403.68733-2-phasta@kernel… Alice Ryhl (1): rust: rcu: add RcuBox type Danilo Krummrich (1): rust: types: implement ForeignOwnable for ARef<T> Philipp Stanner (2): rust: Add dma_fence abstractions MAINTAINERS: Add entry for Rust dma-buf MAINTAINERS | 2 + rust/bindings/bindings_helper.h | 2 + rust/helpers/dma_fence.c | 48 ++ rust/helpers/helpers.c | 1 + rust/kernel/dma_buf/dma_fence.rs | 821 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ rust/kernel/dma_buf/mod.rs | 13 + rust/kernel/lib.rs | 1 + rust/kernel/sync/aref.rs | 39 ++ rust/kernel/sync/rcu.rs | 31 +- rust/kernel/sync/rcu/rcu_box.rs | 145 ++++++ 10 files changed, 1102 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-) create mode 100644 rust/helpers/dma_fence.c create mode 100644 rust/kernel/dma_buf/dma_fence.rs create mode 100644 rust/kernel/dma_buf/mod.rs create mode 100644 rust/kernel/sync/rcu/rcu_box.rs -- 2.54.0

1 week, 3 days

[PATCH] dma-buf: udmabuf: validate create-list count before copying

by Samuel Moelius

UDMABUF_CREATE_LIST copies a variable-length list using a byte count derived from head.count. The list_limit module parameter is signed and writable, so setting it negative lets a large unsigned count bypass the limit check. The u32 byte-count calculation can then wrap, causing only a small list to be copied while udmabuf_create() still iterates over the large count. Reject negative list_limit values and use checked size_t multiplication before copying the list. Assisted-by: Codex:gpt-5.5-cyber-preview Signed-off-by: Samuel Moelius <sam.moelius(a)trailofbits.com> --- drivers/dma-buf/udmabuf.c | 8 +++++--- 1 file changed, 5 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-) diff --git a/drivers/dma-buf/udmabuf.c b/drivers/dma-buf/udmabuf.c index 94b8ecb892bb..46b077639bfb 100644 --- a/drivers/dma-buf/udmabuf.c +++ b/drivers/dma-buf/udmabuf.c @@ -13,6 +13,7 @@ #include <linux/hugetlb.h> #include <linux/slab.h> #include <linux/udmabuf.h> +#include <linux/overflow.h> #include <linux/vmalloc.h> #include <linux/iosys-map.h> @@ -489,13 +490,14 @@ static long udmabuf_ioctl_create_list(struct file *filp, unsigned long arg) struct udmabuf_create_list head; struct udmabuf_create_item *list; int ret = -EINVAL; - u32 lsize; + size_t lsize; if (copy_from_user(&head, (void __user *)arg, sizeof(head))) return -EFAULT; - if (head.count > list_limit) + if (list_limit < 0 || head.count > list_limit) + return -EINVAL; + if (check_mul_overflow(sizeof(struct udmabuf_create_item), head.count, &lsize)) return -EINVAL; - lsize = sizeof(struct udmabuf_create_item) * head.count; list = memdup_user((void __user *)(arg + sizeof(head)), lsize); if (IS_ERR(list)) return PTR_ERR(list); -- 2.43.0

1 week, 3 days

[PATCH v17 0/6] Rust bindings for gem shmem

by Lyude Paul

Most of this patch series has already been pushed upstream, this is just the second half of the patch series that has not been pushed yet + some additional changes which were required to implement changes requested by the mailing list. This patch series is originally from Asahi, previously posted by Daniel Almeida. The previous version of the patch series can be found here: https://patchwork.freedesktop.org/series/164580/ Branch with patches applied available here: https://gitlab.freedesktop.org/lyudess/linux/-/commits/rust/gem-shmem This patch series applies on top of drm-rust-next Patch-series wide changes since V15: * Fix some major rebasing errors I somehow didn't notice :( * Drop the dependency on LazyInit, use the trick that Alice suggested instead. * Fix dependency ordering so that Tyr can get the vmap stuff first without the other bits. Patch-series wide changes since V16: * Fix ordering one more time (SetOnce::reset() doesn't need to come before adding vmap functions) * Rebase against the latest DeviceContext changes from me that got pushed. Lyude Paul (6): rust: drm: gem: shmem: Fix Default implementation for ObjectConfig rust: drm: gem: shmem: Add DmaResvGuard helper rust: drm: gem: shmem: Add vmap functions rust: faux: Allow retrieving a bound Device rust: sync: Add SetOnce::reset() rust: drm: gem: Introduce shmem::Object::sg_table() rust/kernel/drm/gem/shmem.rs | 518 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++- rust/kernel/faux.rs | 7 +- rust/kernel/sync/set_once.rs | 60 +++- 3 files changed, 563 insertions(+), 22 deletions(-) base-commit: 723bd79ca9e492cc91850094a2892bde0345c51a -- 2.54.0

1 week, 4 days

Legitimate Funds Recovery Support in 2026 - Primatz Guard

by edwardsjosepht33＠gmail.com

Primatz Guard helps victims of crypto, romance, and investment scams trace funds, investigate fraud, and seek recovery with transparent consultation support.

1 week, 4 days

Legitimate Recovery Support in 2026 - Primatz Guard

by edwardsjosepht33＠gmail.com

Primatz Guard helps victims of crypto, romance, and investment scams trace funds, investigate fraud, and seek recovery with transparent consultation support.

1 week, 4 days

Shred Some Slopes: Getting the Hang of Snow Rider 3D

by careful.earthworm.usil＠hidingmail.com

Feeling the need for speed and a bit of winter fun, even when the weather outside is frightful? Then maybe it’s time to check out Snow Rider 3D. This simple but surprisingly addictive game offers a thrill of downhill skiing and snowboarding right from your browser, no downloads required. Let’s break down how to jump in and start enjoying this surprisingly engaging title. https://snowriderfree.com/ Gameplay: Simple Controls, Endless Possibilities The core gameplay of Snow Rider 3D is deceptively straightforward. You control your character's direction using the left and right arrow keys (or A and D). Your objective? Navigate through a series of procedurally generated slopes littered with obstacles. These obstacles range from simple ramps and rails to more challenging hazards like trees, snowdrifts, and even abandoned shacks. The beauty of Snow Rider 3D lies in its physics. While simple, they feel surprisingly realistic. You'll need to anticipate turns, adjust your speed, and time your jumps to successfully navigate the terrain. A crash will reset you to the beginning of the course, so precision and patience are key. The game offers different levels, each presenting a unique challenge. Some focus on speed and long jumps, while others demand skillful maneuvering through tight spaces. As you progress, you unlock new skins and sleds, adding a touch of customization to your experience. Think of it as a casual time-killer that can quickly turn into an hour-long obsession! Tips for Mastering the Mountain: Alright, so you're ready to hit the slopes. Here are a few tips to help you improve your runs and avoid those frustrating wipeouts: Practice Makes Perfect: Don't get discouraged by early crashes. The more you play, the better you'll understand the physics and learn to anticipate the terrain. Master the Turns: Smooth, controlled turns are essential for maintaining speed and avoiding obstacles. Practice feathering the arrow keys to make subtle adjustments. Timing is Everything: When approaching jumps and ramps, pay close attention to your speed and angle. A well-timed jump can make all the difference. Don't Be Afraid to Slow Down: Sometimes, the fastest route isn't the safest. Don't be afraid to ease off the gas and navigate tricky sections with caution. Consider looking up guides for specific levels of Snow Rider 3D at websites like Snow Rider 3D if you’re really struggling. Experiment with Sleds and Skins: Different sleds may offer slight variations in handling. Try out different options to find one that suits your playstyle. Conclusion: A Fun and Accessible Winter Escape Snow Rider 3D is a surprisingly addictive and accessible game that’s perfect for a quick dose of winter fun. It's simple controls and challenging gameplay make it easy to pick up and play, while its procedural generation ensures that each run is a unique experience. So, whether you're looking for a casual time-killer or a challenging skill-based game, Snow Rider 3D is definitely worth checking out.

1 week, 4 days

Mental Health Tips Every College Student Should Follow

by smithjohns9696＠gmail.com

College life is often seen as an exciting phase filled with new experiences, independence, friendships, and opportunities. However, behind the social events and academic growth, many students also face stress, anxiety, loneliness, and pressure to perform well. Managing mental health during this time is just as important as achieving good grades, because emotional well-being directly impacts concentration, productivity, and overall success. Learning how to take care of your mental health can help students handle challenges more effectively and enjoy a more balanced college experience. Many students struggle to keep up with assignments, deadlines, and academic expectations, which can sometimes feel overwhelming. In such situations, academic support services like pay for someone to <a href="https://myassignmenthelp.com/ca/do-my-homework.html">do my homework online</a> from MyAssignmentHelp can help reduce academic pressure and allow students to focus on maintaining better mental and emotional well-being alongside their studies. Understanding Mental Health in College Life Mental health refers to a person’s emotional, psychological, and social well-being. In college, students go through major life transitions—moving away from home, adapting to new environments, managing finances, and handling academic responsibilities. All of these changes can affect mental stability. It is normal to feel stressed occasionally, but prolonged stress or emotional exhaustion should not be ignored. Recognizing early signs such as fatigue, loss of motivation, irritability, or difficulty concentrating is important for taking timely action. Maintain a Balanced Routine One of the most effective ways to support mental health is by maintaining a balanced daily routine. A structured lifestyle helps reduce chaos and creates a sense of stability. Students should try to: Follow a consistent sleep schedule Allocate time for study and relaxation Avoid last-minute cramming Include breaks between study sessions Set realistic daily goals A balanced routine helps prevent burnout and ensures that students do not feel overwhelmed by academic pressure. Prioritize Sleep and Rest Sleep plays a crucial role in mental health. Lack of sleep can increase stress levels, reduce concentration, and negatively impact memory. College students often sacrifice sleep to complete assignments or prepare for exams, but this habit can be harmful in the long run. Ideally, students should aim for 7–9 hours of quality sleep each night. Creating a bedtime routine, limiting screen time before sleep, and avoiding caffeine late in the day can significantly improve sleep quality. Stay Physically Active Physical activity is not just good for the body but also essential for mental well-being. Exercise releases endorphins, which are natural mood boosters. Students do not need intense workouts to benefit from physical activity. Simple habits like walking, cycling, yoga, or light stretching can make a big difference. Regular exercise helps: Reduce stress and anxiety Improve focus and concentration Boost energy levels Enhance overall mood Even 20–30 minutes of activity a day can have noticeable positive effects. Build Strong Social Connections Social support is one of the most important factors in maintaining good mental health. College is a great place to build friendships and connections that provide emotional support. Students should try to: Spend time with supportive friends Participate in group activities Join clubs or student organizations Talk openly about feelings when needed Having people to talk to can reduce feelings of loneliness and help students cope better with stress. Learn Stress Management Techniques Stress is unavoidable in college, but it can be managed effectively with the right techniques. Some helpful stress management strategies include: Deep breathing exercises Meditation and mindfulness practices Journaling thoughts and emotions Listening to calming music Taking short breaks during study sessions These techniques help calm the mind and improve emotional balance. Avoid Overloading Yourself Many students try to take on too many responsibilities at once—academics, part-time jobs, extracurricular activities, and social commitments. While involvement is important, overloading can lead to burnout. Learning to say no when necessary is a healthy habit. Students should prioritize tasks based on importance and avoid unnecessary pressure. It is better to do a few things well than to do everything poorly due to exhaustion. Seek Help When Needed One of the most important aspects of mental health is recognizing when help is needed. Unfortunately, many students hesitate to seek support due to stigma or fear of judgment. However, asking for help is a sign of strength, not weakness. Support can come from: Friends and family College counselors Mentors or professors Mental health professionals Talking about problems can provide relief and open up solutions that may not be visible when dealing with stress alone. Limit Social Media Usage While social media helps students stay connected, excessive use can negatively affect mental health. Constant comparison with others, exposure to unrealistic lifestyles, and online pressure can increase anxiety and reduce self-esteem. Students should: Set time limits for social media use Avoid comparing themselves to others Take digital detox breaks Focus on real-life interactions Reducing screen time can improve focus, productivity, and emotional well-being. Practice Self-Care Regularly Self-care is essential for maintaining mental balance. It involves taking time to do activities that bring relaxation and happiness. Self-care can include: Reading a book Watching a favorite show Spending time in nature Pursuing hobbies Taking rest without guilt Prioritizing self-care helps recharge the mind and improves resilience against stress. Develop a Positive Mindset A positive mindset plays a major role in mental health. College life comes with challenges, and setbacks are a normal part of the journey. Instead of focusing on failures, students should: Learn from mistakes Celebrate small achievements Stay hopeful during difficult times Practice gratitude Positive thinking helps build confidence and reduces emotional distress. Maintain Academic Balance Academic pressure is one of the biggest sources of stress for college students. Managing coursework effectively can significantly improve mental health. Students should break tasks into smaller steps, avoid procrastination, and seek academic support when necessary. Staying organized can reduce last-minute stress and improve overall performance. Conclusion Mental health is a vital part of a successful and fulfilling college experience. Students who take care of their emotional well-being are more likely to perform better academically, build stronger relationships, and enjoy their college journey. By maintaining a balanced routine, staying physically active, managing stress, and seeking support when needed, students can create a healthier and more positive lifestyle. Remember, college is not just about academic achievement—it is also about growing as a person, and mental well-being

1 week, 4 days

Unlocking Wordplay: A Guide to the Connections Game

by profound.cheetah.kect＠hidingmail.net

In a world brimming with complex video games and immersive online experiences, sometimes the most satisfying entertainment comes from a simple yet brilliant word puzzle. The Connections Game, a daily online brain-teaser, offers just that – a delightful challenge that tests your vocabulary, logic, and lateral thinking. If you’re looking for a fresh way to engage your mind and expand your word association skills, then stepping into the world of Connections Game is a fantastic choice. https://connectionsgamefree.com What is Connections Game? At its heart, Connections is a game about finding hidden relationships between words. Each day, you're presented with 16 seemingly disparate words. Your task is to group these words into four sets of four, with each set sharing a common thread or category. The categories can be anything from "Types of Fruit" to "Words that Rhyme with 'Blue'" or even more abstract connections that require a bit of outside-the-box thinking. The beauty of the game lies in its simplicity and the sheer satisfaction of uncovering those clever links. You can experience it firsthand at Connections Game. The Gameplay Unpacked When you open the game, you'll see all 16 words laid out before you. To play, you simply click on four words you believe belong together. Once you’ve selected your quartet, you hit the "Submit" button. Correct Guess: If your four words form a valid category, they will disappear, and the category will be revealed. You'll then move on to the remaining words. Incorrect Guess: If your guess is wrong, the words will remain on the board, and you'll lose one of your four allowed mistakes. That's right – you only get four incorrect attempts before the game ends! This adds a delicious layer of pressure and strategic thinking. The categories are color-coded, ranging from "Yellow" (easiest) to "Purple" (most difficult/obscure). Often, the trickiest part is recognizing "red herrings" – words that seem to fit into multiple categories, making you second-guess your initial assumptions. Tips for Success To truly master the Connections Game, here are a few friendly tips: Read All the Words First: Before clicking anything, take a moment to scan all 16 words. Look for obvious groupings first. Are there any four words that immediately jump out as being related? Look for Obvious Categories: Sometimes, one or two categories will be relatively straightforward. Tackling these first can clear up the board and make the remaining words easier to analyze. Consider Different Meanings: Many words have multiple meanings. Don't get stuck on just one interpretation. For example, "bat" could refer to a flying mammal or a piece of sports equipment. Think About Wordplay and Sounds: Categories aren't always about literal definitions. They can involve synonyms, antonyms, rhyming words, or even words that form a phrase when combined. Utilize Your Mistakes Wisely: Remember, you only have four chances. If you’re unsure, it’s often better to hold off on a guess until you have a stronger conviction. Sometimes, eliminating other categories can clarify ambiguous words. Don't Be Afraid to Rearrange: Mentally (or even physically, if you're playing on a device that allows it) rearrange the words. Seeing them in a different order can sometimes spark new connections. Conclusion The Connections Game is more than just a pastime; it's a daily brain workout that's both challenging and incredibly rewarding. It encourages you to think critically, expand your vocabulary, and see the intricate relationships between words. Whether you're a seasoned wordsmith or just looking for a fun new way to pass the time, give it a try – you might just find your new favorite daily ritual! You can access the game daily at Connections Game.

1 week, 5 days

Wordle Unlimited Guide for Endless Word Puzzle Fun

by disastrous.heron.yxfs＠hidingmail.net

Introduction to Wordle Unlimited Experience Wordle Unlimited is a modern word puzzle game designed for players who enjoy continuous vocabulary challenges without daily limits. Unlike traditional word guessing games that restrict attempts to once per day, this version allows unlimited gameplay sessions. This creates an environment where learning, practice, and entertainment can happen at any time. https://wordleunlimitedgame.org/ The game has become popular among language learners, puzzle fans, and casual gamers because it combines simple rules with strategic thinking. Players must guess a hidden word within a set number of attempts, using feedback from each guess to improve accuracy. The unlimited format removes waiting time and allows repeated practice, making it suitable for skill development and relaxation. What Wordle Unlimited Means in Modern Gaming Wordle Unlimited refers to an expanded version of the original word guessing concept where users can play repeatedly without restriction. Each round generates a new hidden word, giving continuous opportunities to test vocabulary knowledge. This format is especially useful for users who want to improve language skills. Instead of waiting for a daily puzzle, players can engage in multiple rounds in one sitting. The structure remains consistent, which helps build familiarity and confidence over time. The game typically uses a grid system where each attempt reveals color coded feedback. Correct letters in correct positions, correct letters in wrong positions, and incorrect letters are all highlighted differently to guide future guesses. How to Play Wordle Unlimited Step by Step Playing Wordle Unlimited is straightforward and accessible for all skill levels. The objective is to identify the hidden word within a limited number of guesses. First, the player enters a starting word. This word is usually chosen to include common vowels and consonants to maximize information. After submission, the game provides feedback on each letter. Next, the player analyzes the feedback and adjusts the next guess accordingly. Letters that are correct and correctly placed should be kept in the same position. Letters that are correct but misplaced should be repositioned in the next attempt. Letters that are not part of the word should be avoided. This process continues until the correct word is discovered or attempts are exhausted. After each round, a new word is available immediately, allowing continuous play. Key Features That Define Wordle Unlimited Wordle Unlimited includes several features that make it appealing to a wide audience. One major feature is unlimited gameplay, which removes daily restrictions and supports continuous learning. Another important feature is instant feedback after each guess. This feedback system helps players improve logic and vocabulary skills quickly. It also encourages strategic thinking rather than random guessing. The game also maintains a simple interface, making it easy to understand for beginners. There are no complex controls or instructions, which allows users to focus entirely on word solving. Additionally, the game supports replayability. Each new round offers a different word challenge, which keeps the experience fresh and engaging over long periods. Effective Strategies for Better Results Success in Wordle Unlimited often depends on strategy rather than luck. One effective approach is starting with words that include multiple vowels and common consonants. This helps identify useful letters early in the game. Another strategy is pattern recognition. After receiving feedback, players should focus on common English word structures. Recognizing prefixes, suffixes, and common letter combinations can significantly improve guessing accuracy. It is also helpful to avoid repeating incorrect letters. Keeping track of eliminated letters reduces unnecessary guesses and increases efficiency. Advanced players often use logical elimination methods. By narrowing down possibilities step by step, they can solve puzzles in fewer attempts and improve overall performance. Benefits of Playing Wordle Unlimited Regularly Wordle Unlimited offers several cognitive and educational benefits. One major benefit is vocabulary improvement. Regular exposure to new words helps expand language knowledge over time. The game also enhances problem solving skills. Each round requires analysis, deduction, and logical thinking. These mental exercises contribute to sharper cognitive abilities. Another benefit is stress relief. The simple and repetitive structure of the game provides a relaxing experience that can help reduce mental fatigue. In addition, unlimited access allows flexible practice schedules. Players can engage for a few minutes or extended sessions depending on personal preference, making it suitable for different lifestyles. Why Wordle Unlimited Has Become So Popular The popularity of Wordle Unlimited comes from its balance of simplicity and challenge. It is easy to learn but difficult to master, which keeps users engaged. Social sharing also plays a role in its growth. Many players enjoy comparing results and discussing strategies with others, creating a sense of community around the game. The unlimited format is another key factor. Unlike limited daily puzzles, this version allows continuous engagement, which appeals to users who enjoy long gaming sessions. Its accessibility across devices also contributes to popularity. Players can enjoy the game on computers, tablets, or mobile devices without complicated setup processes. Conclusion on Wordle Unlimited Value Wordle Unlimited stands out as an engaging and educational word puzzle experience that combines entertainment with cognitive development. Its unlimited format allows continuous learning and practice, making it suitable for both beginners and advanced players. With simple rules, strategic depth, and instant feedback, the game provides a balanced experience that supports vocabulary growth and logical thinking. Whether used for relaxation or skill improvement, Wordle Unlimited remains a strong choice for anyone interested in word based challenges.

1 week, 5 days

A Wild Crossing Adventure in Crossy Road

by huffmansamuel908＠gmail.com

Crossy Road is the kind of game that looks cute and simple… until you realize you’ve been playing for an hour straight. All you do is cross roads, rivers, and train tracks while trying not to get hit or fall behind. Sounds easy, right? Not really. The longer you survive, the faster and crazier everything becomes. The pixel graphics, funny characters, and random chaos make every run feel different. One second you’re doing great, the next second a train appears out of nowhere. Crossy Road proves that a simple game can still be super fun, addictive, and impossible to put down. https://crossyroad-game.io

1 week, 5 days

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