- Linux-kselftest-mirror - lists.linaro.org

tools/testing/selftests/ptrace/vmaccess.c hangs

by Vitaly Chikunov

Hi, Possible ptrace related bug in tools/testing/selftests/ptrace/vmaccess.c - it timeout every time I run it on any kernel I try, in vm or bare metal. Does it run correctly for anybody? Example vmaccess from v5.12 source tree run on 5.13.0+rc2 on bare metal Supermicro server (AMD EPYC): 5.10.35-rt-alt1.rt39:~# /usr/lib/kselftests/ptrace/vmaccess TAP version 13 1..2 # Starting 2 tests from 1 test cases. # RUN global.vmaccess ... # OK global.vmaccess ok 1 global.vmaccess # RUN global.attach ... # attach: Test terminated by timeout # FAIL global.attach not ok 2 global.attach # FAILED: 1 / 2 tests passed. # Totals: pass:1 fail:1 xfail:0 xpass:0 skip:0 error:0 Just to confirm for the latest kernel, it behaves the same [for drm-tip based] on 5.13rc2. Also, just tested on 5.11.21 with the same failure. Other ptrace tests pass. Thanks,

3 years, 8 months

2
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[PATCH] selftests/bpf: Fix return value check in attach_bpf()

by Yu Kuai

use libbpf_get_error() to check the return value of bpf_program__attach(). Reported-by: Hulk Robot <hulkci(a)huawei.com> Signed-off-by: Yu Kuai <yukuai3(a)huawei.com> --- tools/testing/selftests/bpf/benchs/bench_rename.c | 2 +- 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-) diff --git a/tools/testing/selftests/bpf/benchs/bench_rename.c b/tools/testing/selftests/bpf/benchs/bench_rename.c index c7ec114eca56..b7d4a1d74fca 100644 --- a/tools/testing/selftests/bpf/benchs/bench_rename.c +++ b/tools/testing/selftests/bpf/benchs/bench_rename.c @@ -65,7 +65,7 @@ static void attach_bpf(struct bpf_program *prog) struct bpf_link *link; link = bpf_program__attach(prog); - if (!link) { + if (libbpf_get_error(link)) { fprintf(stderr, "failed to attach program!\n"); exit(1); } -- 2.25.4

3 years, 8 months

5
5
0 0

[PATCH] selftest: Add test for Soft-Dirty PTE bit

by Gabriel Krisman Bertazi

This introduces three tests: 1) Sanity check soft dirty basic semantics: allocate area, clean, dirty, check if the SD bit flipped. 2) Check VMA reuse: validate the VM_SOFTDIRTY usage 3) Check soft-dirty on huge pages This was motivated by Will Deacon's fix commit 912efa17e512 ("mm: proc: Invalidate TLB after clearing soft-dirty page state"). I was tracking the same issue that he fixed, and this test would have caught it. Cc: Will Deacon <will(a)kernel.org> Signed-off-by: Gabriel Krisman Bertazi <krisman(a)collabora.com> --- tools/testing/selftests/Makefile | 1 + tools/testing/selftests/soft-dirty/.gitignore | 1 + tools/testing/selftests/soft-dirty/Makefile | 9 + .../testing/selftests/soft-dirty/soft-dirty.c | 254 ++++++++++++++++++ 4 files changed, 265 insertions(+) create mode 100644 tools/testing/selftests/soft-dirty/.gitignore create mode 100644 tools/testing/selftests/soft-dirty/Makefile create mode 100644 tools/testing/selftests/soft-dirty/soft-dirty.c diff --git a/tools/testing/selftests/Makefile b/tools/testing/selftests/Makefile index bc3299a20338..c8dcd7defd33 100644 --- a/tools/testing/selftests/Makefile +++ b/tools/testing/selftests/Makefile @@ -55,6 +55,7 @@ TARGETS += seccomp TARGETS += sgx TARGETS += sigaltstack TARGETS += size +TARGETS += soft-dirty TARGETS += sparc64 TARGETS += splice TARGETS += static_keys diff --git a/tools/testing/selftests/soft-dirty/.gitignore b/tools/testing/selftests/soft-dirty/.gitignore new file mode 100644 index 000000000000..cfb0cfda9bdf --- /dev/null +++ b/tools/testing/selftests/soft-dirty/.gitignore @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +soft-dirty diff --git a/tools/testing/selftests/soft-dirty/Makefile b/tools/testing/selftests/soft-dirty/Makefile new file mode 100644 index 000000000000..d76ad8e0f10d --- /dev/null +++ b/tools/testing/selftests/soft-dirty/Makefile @@ -0,0 +1,9 @@ +# SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 +top_srcdir = ../../../.. +INSTALL_HDR_PATH = $(top_srcdir)/usr +LINUX_HDR_PATH = $(INSTALL_HDR_PATH)/include/ + +CFLAGS += -Wall -I$(LINUX_HDR_PATH) -O0 -g3 + +TEST_GEN_PROGS := soft-dirty +include ../lib.mk diff --git a/tools/testing/selftests/soft-dirty/soft-dirty.c b/tools/testing/selftests/soft-dirty/soft-dirty.c new file mode 100644 index 000000000000..47af76f9df50 --- /dev/null +++ b/tools/testing/selftests/soft-dirty/soft-dirty.c @@ -0,0 +1,254 @@ +// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 +#include <sys/types.h> +#include <sys/stat.h> +#include <fcntl.h> +#include <stdint.h> +#include <unistd.h> +#include <stdio.h> +#include <unistd.h> +#include <syscall.h> +#include <errno.h> +#include <stdlib.h> +#include <sys/mman.h> +#include <err.h> +#include <string.h> +#include <stdbool.h> +#include <malloc.h> + +#define PAGEMAP_PATH "/proc/self/pagemap" +#define CLEAR_REFS_PATH "/proc/self/clear_refs" +#define SMAP_PATH "/proc/self/smaps" +#define MAX_LINE_LENGTH 512 + +#define TEST_ITERATIONS 10000 + +#define PMD_SIZE_PATH "/sys/kernel/mm/transparent_hugepage/hpage_pmd_size" + +int clear_refs; +int pagemap; + +int pagesize; +int mmap_size; /* Size of test region */ + +static void clear_all_refs(void) +{ + if (write(clear_refs, "4\n", 2) != 2) + printf("%s: failed to clear references\n", __func__); +} + +static void touch_page(char *map, int n) +{ + map[(page_size * n) + 1]++; +} + +static int check_page(char *map, uint64_t n, int clear) +{ + uint64_t off; + uint64_t buf = 0; + + off = (n + ((uint64_t)map >> 12)) << 3; + + if (lseek(pagemap, off, SEEK_SET) == (off_t) -1) + errx(EXIT_FAILURE, "pagemap llseek failed"); + + if (read(pagemap, &buf, 8) != 8) + errx(EXIT_FAILURE, "pagemap read failed"); + + if (clear) + clear_all_refs(); + + return ((buf >> 55) & 1); +} + +static void test_simple(void) +{ + int i; + char *map; + + printf("- Test %s:\n", __func__); + + map = aligned_alloc(page_size, mmap_size); + if (!map) + errx(EXIT_FAILURE, "mmap"); + + clear_all_refs(); + + for (i = 0 ; i < TEST_ITERATIONS; i++) { + if (check_page(map, 2, 1) == 1) { + errx(EXIT_FAILURE, "dirty bit was 1, but should be 0 (i=%d)", i); + break; + } + + touch_page(map, 2); + + if (check_page(map, 2, 1) == 0) { + errx(EXIT_FAILURE, "dirty bit was 0, but should be 1 (i=%d)", i); + break; + } + + } + free(map); + + printf("success\n"); +} + +static void test_vma_reuse(void) +{ + char *map, *map2; + + printf("- Test %s:\n", __func__); + + map = (char *) 0x900000000000; + map = mmap(map, mmap_size, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_ANON, -1, 0); + if (map == MAP_FAILED) + errx(EXIT_FAILURE, "mmap"); + + clear_all_refs(); + touch_page(map, 2); + + munmap(map, mmap_size); + map2 = mmap(map, mmap_size, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_ANON, -1, 0); + if (map2 == MAP_FAILED) + errx(EXIT_FAILURE, "mmap2"); + + if (map != map2) + errx(EXIT_FAILURE, "map != map2"); + + if (check_page(map, 2, 1) == 0) + errx(-1, "map/unmap lost dirty"); + + munmap(map2, mmap_size); + + printf("success\n"); +} + +/* + * read_pmd_pagesize(), check_for_pattern() and check_huge() adapted + * from 'tools/testing/selftest/vm/split_huge_page_test.c' + */ +static uint64_t read_pmd_pagesize(void) +{ + int fd; + char buf[20]; + ssize_t num_read; + + fd = open(PMD_SIZE_PATH, O_RDONLY); + if (fd == -1) + errx(EXIT_FAILURE, "Open hpage_pmd_size failed"); + + num_read = read(fd, buf, 19); + if (num_read < 1) { + close(fd); + errx(EXIT_FAILURE, "Read hpage_pmd_size failed"); + } + buf[num_read] = '\0'; + close(fd); + + return strtoul(buf, NULL, 10); +} + +static bool check_for_pattern(FILE *fp, const char *pattern, char *buf) +{ + while (fgets(buf, MAX_LINE_LENGTH, fp) != NULL) { + if (!strncmp(buf, pattern, strlen(pattern))) + return true; + } + return false; +} + +static uint64_t check_huge(void *addr) +{ + uint64_t thp = 0; + int ret; + FILE *fp; + char buffer[MAX_LINE_LENGTH]; + char addr_pattern[MAX_LINE_LENGTH]; + + ret = snprintf(addr_pattern, MAX_LINE_LENGTH, "%08lx-", + (unsigned long) addr); + if (ret >= MAX_LINE_LENGTH) + errx(EXIT_FAILURE, "%s: Pattern is too long\n", __func__); + + fp = fopen(SMAP_PATH, "r"); + if (!fp) + errx(EXIT_FAILURE, "%s: Failed to open file %s\n", __func__, SMAP_PATH); + + if (!check_for_pattern(fp, addr_pattern, buffer)) + goto err_out; + + /* + * Fetch the AnonHugePages: in the same block and check the number of + * hugepages. + */ + if (!check_for_pattern(fp, "AnonHugePages:", buffer)) + goto err_out; + + if (sscanf(buffer, "AnonHugePages:%10ld kB", &thp) != 1) + errx(EXIT_FAILURE, "Reading smap error\n"); + +err_out: + fclose(fp); + + return thp; +} + +static void test_hugepage(void) +{ + char *map; + int i, ret; + size_t hpage_len = read_pmd_pagesize(); + + printf("- Test %s:\n", __func__); + + map = memalign(hpage_len, hpage_len); + if (!map) + errx(EXIT_FAILURE, "memalign"); + + ret = madvise(map, hpage_len, MADV_HUGEPAGE); + if (ret) + errx(EXIT_FAILURE, "madvise %d", ret); + + for (i = 0; i < hpage_len; i++) + map[i] = (char)i; + + if (!check_huge(map)) + errx(EXIT_FAILURE, "failed to allocate THP"); + + clear_all_refs(); + for (i = 0 ; i < TEST_ITERATIONS ; i++) { + if (check_page(map, 2, 1) == 1) { + errx(EXIT_FAILURE, "dirty bit was 1, but should be 0 (i=%d)", i); + break; + } + + touch_page(map, 2); + + if (check_page(map, 2, 1) == 0) { + errx(EXIT_FAILURE, "dirty bit was 0, but should be 1 (i=%d)", i); + break; + } + } + munmap(map, mmap_size); + + printf("success\n"); +} + +int main(int argc, char **argv) +{ + pagemap = open(PAGEMAP_PATH, O_RDONLY, 0); + if (pagemap < 0) + errx(EXIT_FAILURE, "Failed to open %s", PAGEMAP_PATH); + + clear_refs = open(CLEAR_REFS_PATH, O_WRONLY, 0); + if (clear_refs < 0) + errx(EXIT_FAILURE, "Failed to open %s", CLEAR_REFS_PATH); + + pagesize = getpagesize(); + mmap_size = 10 * pagesize(); + + test_simple(); + test_vma_reuse(); + test_hugepage(); + + return 0; +} -- 2.31.0

3 years, 8 months

1
0
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[PATCH -next] khugepaged: selftests: remove debug_cow

by Nanyong Sun

The debug_cow attribute had been removed since commit 4958e4d86ecb01 ("mm: thp: remove debug_cow switch"), so remove it in selftest code too, otherwise the khugepaged test will fail. Signed-off-by: Nanyong Sun <sunnanyong(a)huawei.com> --- tools/testing/selftests/vm/khugepaged.c | 4 ---- 1 file changed, 4 deletions(-) diff --git a/tools/testing/selftests/vm/khugepaged.c b/tools/testing/selftests/vm/khugepaged.c index 8b7582130..155120b67 100644 --- a/tools/testing/selftests/vm/khugepaged.c +++ b/tools/testing/selftests/vm/khugepaged.c @@ -86,7 +86,6 @@ struct settings { enum thp_enabled thp_enabled; enum thp_defrag thp_defrag; enum shmem_enabled shmem_enabled; - bool debug_cow; bool use_zero_page; struct khugepaged_settings khugepaged; }; @@ -95,7 +94,6 @@ static struct settings default_settings = { .thp_enabled = THP_MADVISE, .thp_defrag = THP_DEFRAG_ALWAYS, .shmem_enabled = SHMEM_NEVER, - .debug_cow = 0, .use_zero_page = 0, .khugepaged = { .defrag = 1, @@ -268,7 +266,6 @@ static void write_settings(struct settings *settings) write_string("defrag", thp_defrag_strings[settings->thp_defrag]); write_string("shmem_enabled", shmem_enabled_strings[settings->shmem_enabled]); - write_num("debug_cow", settings->debug_cow); write_num("use_zero_page", settings->use_zero_page); write_num("khugepaged/defrag", khugepaged->defrag); @@ -304,7 +301,6 @@ static void save_settings(void) .thp_defrag = read_string("defrag", thp_defrag_strings), .shmem_enabled = read_string("shmem_enabled", shmem_enabled_strings), - .debug_cow = read_num("debug_cow"), .use_zero_page = read_num("use_zero_page"), }; saved_settings.khugepaged = (struct khugepaged_settings) { -- 2.25.1

3 years, 8 months

3
2
0 0

[PATCH v2 0/4] kunit: tool: add support for QEMU

by Brendan Higgins

TL;DR: Add support to kunit_tool to dispatch tests via QEMU. Also add support to immediately shutdown a kernel after running KUnit tests. Background ---------- KUnit has supported running on all architectures for quite some time; however, kunit_tool - the script commonly used to invoke KUnit tests - has only fully supported KUnit run on UML. Its functionality has been broken up for some time to separate the configure, build, run, and parse phases making it possible to be used in part on other architectures to a small extent. Nevertheless, kunit_tool has not supported running tests on other architectures. What this patchset does ----------------------- This patchset introduces first class support to kunit_tool for KUnit to be run on many popular architectures via QEMU. It does this by adding two new flags: `--arch` and `--cross_compile`. `--arch` allows an architecture to be specified by the name the architecture is given in `arch/`. It uses the specified architecture to select a minimal amount of Kconfigs and QEMU configs needed for the architecture to run in QEMU and provide a console from which KTAP results can be scraped. `--cross_compile` allows a toolchain prefix to be specified to make similar to how `CROSS_COMPILE` is used. Additionally, this patchset revives the previously considered "kunit: tool: add support for QEMU"[1] patchs. The motivation for this new kernel command line flags, `kunit_shutdown`, is to better support running KUnit tests inside of QEMU. For most popular architectures, QEMU can be made to terminate when the Linux kernel that is being run is reboted, halted, or powered off. As Kees pointed out in a previous discussion[2], it is possible to make a kernel initrd that can reboot the kernel immediately, doing this for every architecture would likely be infeasible. Instead, just having an option for the kernel to shutdown when it is done with testing seems a lot simpler, especially since it is an option which would only available in testing configurations of the kernel anyway. Changes since last revision --------------------------- I pulled out the QemuConfigs into their own files; the way in which I did this also allows new QemuConfigs to be added without making any changes to kunit_tool. I changed how Kconfigs are loaded; they are now merged inside of kunit_tool instead of letting Kbuild do it. I also made numerous nit fixes. Finally, I added a new section to the kunit_tool documentation to document the new command line flags I added. [1] http://patches.linaro.org/patch/208336/ [2] https://lkml.org/lkml/2020/6/26/988 Brendan Higgins (3): Documentation: Add kunit_shutdown to kernel-parameters.txt kunit: tool: add support for QEMU Documentation: kunit: document support for QEMU in kunit_tool David Gow (1): kunit: Add 'kunit_shutdown' option .../admin-guide/kernel-parameters.txt | 8 + Documentation/dev-tools/kunit/kunit-tool.rst | 48 +++++ Documentation/dev-tools/kunit/usage.rst | 50 +++-- lib/kunit/executor.c | 20 ++ tools/testing/kunit/kunit.py | 57 +++++- tools/testing/kunit/kunit_config.py | 7 +- tools/testing/kunit/kunit_kernel.py | 177 +++++++++++++++--- tools/testing/kunit/kunit_parser.py | 2 +- tools/testing/kunit/kunit_tool_test.py | 18 +- tools/testing/kunit/qemu_config.py | 16 ++ tools/testing/kunit/qemu_configs/alpha.py | 10 + tools/testing/kunit/qemu_configs/arm.py | 13 ++ tools/testing/kunit/qemu_configs/arm64.py | 12 ++ tools/testing/kunit/qemu_configs/i386.py | 10 + tools/testing/kunit/qemu_configs/powerpc.py | 12 ++ tools/testing/kunit/qemu_configs/riscv.py | 31 +++ tools/testing/kunit/qemu_configs/s390.py | 14 ++ tools/testing/kunit/qemu_configs/sparc.py | 10 + tools/testing/kunit/qemu_configs/x86_64.py | 10 + 19 files changed, 471 insertions(+), 54 deletions(-) create mode 100644 tools/testing/kunit/qemu_config.py create mode 100644 tools/testing/kunit/qemu_configs/alpha.py create mode 100644 tools/testing/kunit/qemu_configs/arm.py create mode 100644 tools/testing/kunit/qemu_configs/arm64.py create mode 100644 tools/testing/kunit/qemu_configs/i386.py create mode 100644 tools/testing/kunit/qemu_configs/powerpc.py create mode 100644 tools/testing/kunit/qemu_configs/riscv.py create mode 100644 tools/testing/kunit/qemu_configs/s390.py create mode 100644 tools/testing/kunit/qemu_configs/sparc.py create mode 100644 tools/testing/kunit/qemu_configs/x86_64.py base-commit: d7eab3df8f39b116d934bc17f8070861e18cfb62 -- 2.31.1.818.g46aad6cb9e-goog

3 years, 8 months

3
6
0 0

[PATCH v3 bpf-next 0/2] libbpf: BTF dumper support for typed data

by Alan Maguire

Add a libbpf dumper function that supports dumping a representation of data passed in using the BTF id associated with the data in a manner similar to the bpf_snprintf_btf helper. Default output format is identical to that dumped by bpf_snprintf_btf() (bar using tabs instead of spaces for indentation); for example, a "struct sk_buff" representation would look like this: (struct sk_buff){ (union){ (struct){ .next = (struct sk_buff *)0xffffffffffffffff, .prev = (struct sk_buff *)0xffffffffffffffff, (union){ .dev = (struct net_device *)0xffffffffffffffff, .dev_scratch = (long unsigned int)18446744073709551615, }, }, ... Patch 1 implements the dump functionality in a manner similar to that in kernel/bpf/btf.c, but with a view to fitting into libbpf more naturally. For example, rather than using flags, boolean dump options are used to control output. In addition, rather than combining checks for display (such as is this field zero?) and actual display - as is done for the kernel code - the code is organized to separate zero and overflow checks from type display. Patch 2 consists of selftests that utilize a dump printf function to snprintf the dump output to a string for comparison with expected output. Tests deliberately mirror those in snprintf_btf helper test to keep output consistent, but also cover overflow handling, var/section display. Apologies for the long time lag between v2 and this revision. Changes since v2 [1] - Renamed function to btf_dump__dump_type_data, reorganized arguments such that opts are last (Andrii) - Modified code to separate questions about display such as have we overflowed?/is this field zero? from actual display of typed data, such that we ask those questions separately from the code that actually displays typed data (Andrii) - Reworked code to handle overflow - where we do not provide enough data for the type we wish to display - by returning -E2BIG and attempting to present as much data as possible. Such a mode of operation allows for tracers which retrieve partial data (such as first 1024 bytes of a "struct task_struct" say), and want to display that partial data, while also knowing that it is not the full type. Such tracers can then denote this (perhaps via "..." or similar). - Explored reusing existing type emit functions, such as passing in a type id stack with a single type id to btf_dump_emit_type_chain() to support the display of typed data where a "cast" is prepended to the data to denote its type; "(int)1", "(struct foo){", etc. However the task of emitting a ".field_name = (typecast)" did not match well with model of walking the stack to display innermost types first and made the resultant code harder to read. Added a dedicated btf_dump_emit_type_name() function instead which is only ~70 lines (Andrii) - Various cleanups around bitfield macros, unneeded member iteration macros, avoiding compiler complaints when displaying int da ta by casting to long long, etc (Andrii) - Use DECLARE_LIBBPF_OPTS() in defining opts for tests (Andrii) - Added more type tests, overflow tests, var tests and section tests. Changes since RFC [2] - The initial approach explored was to share the kernel code with libbpf using #defines to paper over the different needs; however it makes more sense to try and fit in with libbpf code style for maintenance. A comment in the code points at the implementation in kernel/bpf/btf.c and notes that any issues found in it should be fixed there or vice versa; mirroring the tests should help with this also (Andrii) [1] https://lore.kernel.org/bpf/1610921764-7526-1-git-send-email-alan.maguire@o… [2] https://lore.kernel.org/bpf/1610386373-24162-1-git-send-email-alan.maguire@… Alan Maguire (2): libbpf: BTF dumper support for typed data selftests/bpf: add dump type data tests to btf dump tests tools/lib/bpf/btf.h | 17 + tools/lib/bpf/btf_dump.c | 901 ++++++++++++++++++++++ tools/lib/bpf/libbpf.map | 5 + tools/testing/selftests/bpf/prog_tests/btf_dump.c | 524 +++++++++++++ 4 files changed, 1447 insertions(+) -- 1.8.3.1

3 years, 8 months

2
3
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[PATCH 1/3] kunit: Support skipped tests

by David Gow

The kunit_mark_skipped() macro marks the current test as "skipped", with the provided reason. The kunit_skip() macro will mark the test as skipped, and abort the test. The TAP specification supports this "SKIP directive" as a comment after the "ok" / "not ok" for a test. See the "Directives" section of the TAP spec for details: https://testanything.org/tap-specification.html#directives The 'success' field for KUnit tests is replaced with a kunit_status enum, which can be SUCCESS, FAILURE, or SKIPPED, combined with a 'status_comment' containing information on why a test was skipped. A new 'kunit_status' test suite is added to test this. Signed-off-by: David Gow <davidgow(a)google.com> --- This change depends on the assertion typechecking fix here: https://lore.kernel.org/linux-kselftest/20210513193204.816681-1-davidgow@go… Only the first two patches in the series are required. This is the long-awaited follow-up to the skip tests RFC: https://lore.kernel.org/linux-kselftest/20200513042956.109987-1-davidgow@go… There are quite a few changes since that version, principally: - A kunit_status enum is now used, with SKIPPED a distinct state - The kunit_mark_skipped() and kunit_skip() macros now take printf-style format strings. - There is now a kunit_status test suite providing basic tests of this functionality. - The kunit_tool changes have been split into a separate commit. - The example skipped tests have been expanded an moved to their own suite, which is not enabled by KUNIT_ALL_TESTS. - A number of other fixes and changes here and there. Cheers, -- David include/kunit/test.h | 68 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++---- lib/kunit/kunit-test.c | 42 +++++++++++++++++++++++++- lib/kunit/test.c | 51 ++++++++++++++++++------------- 3 files changed, 134 insertions(+), 27 deletions(-) diff --git a/include/kunit/test.h b/include/kunit/test.h index b68c61348121..40b536da027e 100644 --- a/include/kunit/test.h +++ b/include/kunit/test.h @@ -105,6 +105,18 @@ struct kunit; #define KUNIT_SUBTEST_INDENT " " #define KUNIT_SUBSUBTEST_INDENT " " +/** + * enum kunit_status - Type of result for a test or test suite + * @KUNIT_SUCCESS: Denotes the test suite has not failed nor been skipped + * @KUNIT_FAILURE: Denotes the test has failed. + * @KUNIT_SKIPPED: Denotes the test has been skipped. + */ +enum kunit_status { + KUNIT_SUCCESS, + KUNIT_FAILURE, + KUNIT_SKIPPED, +}; + /** * struct kunit_case - represents an individual test case. * @@ -148,13 +160,20 @@ struct kunit_case { const void* (*generate_params)(const void *prev, char *desc); /* private: internal use only. */ - bool success; + enum kunit_status status; char *log; }; -static inline char *kunit_status_to_string(bool status) +static inline char *kunit_status_to_string(enum kunit_status status) { - return status ? "ok" : "not ok"; + switch (status) { + case KUNIT_SKIPPED: + case KUNIT_SUCCESS: + return "ok"; + case KUNIT_FAILURE: + return "not ok"; + } + return "invalid"; } /** @@ -212,6 +231,7 @@ struct kunit_suite { struct kunit_case *test_cases; /* private: internal use only */ + char status_comment[256]; struct dentry *debugfs; char *log; }; @@ -245,19 +265,21 @@ struct kunit { * be read after the test case finishes once all threads associated * with the test case have terminated. */ - bool success; /* Read only after test_case finishes! */ spinlock_t lock; /* Guards all mutable test state. */ + enum kunit_status status; /* Read only after test_case finishes! */ /* * Because resources is a list that may be updated multiple times (with * new resources) from any thread associated with a test case, we must * protect it with some type of lock. */ struct list_head resources; /* Protected by lock. */ + + char status_comment[256]; }; static inline void kunit_set_failure(struct kunit *test) { - WRITE_ONCE(test->success, false); + WRITE_ONCE(test->status, KUNIT_FAILURE); } void kunit_init_test(struct kunit *test, const char *name, char *log); @@ -348,7 +370,7 @@ static inline int kunit_run_all_tests(void) #define kunit_suite_for_each_test_case(suite, test_case) \ for (test_case = suite->test_cases; test_case->run_case; test_case++) -bool kunit_suite_has_succeeded(struct kunit_suite *suite); +enum kunit_status kunit_suite_has_succeeded(struct kunit_suite *suite); /* * Like kunit_alloc_resource() below, but returns the struct kunit_resource @@ -612,6 +634,40 @@ void kunit_cleanup(struct kunit *test); void kunit_log_append(char *log, const char *fmt, ...); +/** + * kunit_mark_skipped() - Marks @test_or_suite as skipped + * + * @test_or_suite: The test context object. + * @fmt: A printk() style format string. + * + * Marks the test as skipped. @fmt is given output as the test status + * comment, typically the reason the test was skipped. + * + * Test execution continues after kunit_mark_skipped() is called. + */ +#define kunit_mark_skipped(test_or_suite, fmt, ...) \ + do { \ + WRITE_ONCE((test_or_suite)->status, KUNIT_SKIPPED); \ + scnprintf((test_or_suite)->status_comment, 256, fmt, ##__VA_ARGS__); \ + } while (0) + +/** + * kunit_skip() - Marks @test_or_suite as skipped + * + * @test_or_suite: The test context object. + * @fmt: A printk() style format string. + * + * Skips the test. @fmt is given output as the test status + * comment, typically the reason the test was skipped. + * + * Test execution is halted after kunit_skip() is called. + */ +#define kunit_skip(test_or_suite, fmt, ...) \ + do { \ + kunit_mark_skipped((test_or_suite), fmt, ##__VA_ARGS__);\ + kunit_try_catch_throw(&((test_or_suite)->try_catch)); \ + } while (0) + /* * printk and log to per-test or per-suite log buffer. Logging only done * if CONFIG_KUNIT_DEBUGFS is 'y'; if it is 'n', no log is allocated/used. diff --git a/lib/kunit/kunit-test.c b/lib/kunit/kunit-test.c index 69f902440a0e..d69efcbed624 100644 --- a/lib/kunit/kunit-test.c +++ b/lib/kunit/kunit-test.c @@ -437,7 +437,47 @@ static void kunit_log_test(struct kunit *test) #endif } +static void kunit_status_set_failure_test(struct kunit *test) +{ + struct kunit fake; + + kunit_init_test(&fake, "fake test", NULL); + + KUNIT_EXPECT_EQ(test, fake.status, (enum kunit_status)KUNIT_SUCCESS); + kunit_set_failure(&fake); + KUNIT_EXPECT_EQ(test, fake.status, (enum kunit_status)KUNIT_FAILURE); +} + +static void kunit_status_mark_skipped_test(struct kunit *test) +{ + struct kunit fake; + + kunit_init_test(&fake, "fake test", NULL); + + /* Before: Should be SUCCESS with no comment. */ + KUNIT_EXPECT_EQ(test, fake.status, KUNIT_SUCCESS); + KUNIT_EXPECT_STREQ(test, fake.status_comment, ""); + + /* Mark the test as skipped. */ + kunit_mark_skipped(&fake, "Accepts format string: %s", "YES"); + + /* After: Should be SKIPPED with our comment. */ + KUNIT_EXPECT_EQ(test, fake.status, (enum kunit_status)KUNIT_SKIPPED); + KUNIT_EXPECT_STREQ(test, fake.status_comment, "Accepts format string: YES"); +} + +static struct kunit_case kunit_status_test_cases[] = { + KUNIT_CASE(kunit_status_set_failure_test), + KUNIT_CASE(kunit_status_mark_skipped_test), + {} +}; + +static struct kunit_suite kunit_status_test_suite = { + .name = "kunit_status", + .test_cases = kunit_status_test_cases, +}; + kunit_test_suites(&kunit_try_catch_test_suite, &kunit_resource_test_suite, - &kunit_log_test_suite); + &kunit_log_test_suite, &kunit_status_test_suite); MODULE_LICENSE("GPL v2"); diff --git a/lib/kunit/test.c b/lib/kunit/test.c index 2f6cc0123232..0ee07705d2b0 100644 --- a/lib/kunit/test.c +++ b/lib/kunit/test.c @@ -98,12 +98,14 @@ static void kunit_print_subtest_start(struct kunit_suite *suite) static void kunit_print_ok_not_ok(void *test_or_suite, bool is_test, - bool is_ok, + enum kunit_status status, size_t test_number, - const char *description) + const char *description, + const char *directive) { struct kunit_suite *suite = is_test ? NULL : test_or_suite; struct kunit *test = is_test ? test_or_suite : NULL; + const char *directive_header = (status == KUNIT_SKIPPED) ? " # SKIP " : ""; /* * We do not log the test suite results as doing so would @@ -114,25 +116,31 @@ static void kunit_print_ok_not_ok(void *test_or_suite, * representation. */ if (suite) - pr_info("%s %zd - %s\n", - kunit_status_to_string(is_ok), - test_number, description); + pr_info("%s %zd - %s%s%s\n", + kunit_status_to_string(status), + test_number, description, + directive_header, directive ? directive : ""); else - kunit_log(KERN_INFO, test, KUNIT_SUBTEST_INDENT "%s %zd - %s", - kunit_status_to_string(is_ok), - test_number, description); + kunit_log(KERN_INFO, test, + KUNIT_SUBTEST_INDENT "%s %zd - %s%s%s", + kunit_status_to_string(status), + test_number, description, + directive_header, directive ? directive : ""); } -bool kunit_suite_has_succeeded(struct kunit_suite *suite) +enum kunit_status kunit_suite_has_succeeded(struct kunit_suite *suite) { const struct kunit_case *test_case; + enum kunit_status status = KUNIT_SKIPPED; kunit_suite_for_each_test_case(suite, test_case) { - if (!test_case->success) - return false; + if (test_case->status == KUNIT_FAILURE) + return KUNIT_FAILURE; + else if (test_case->status == KUNIT_SUCCESS) + status = KUNIT_SUCCESS; } - return true; + return status; } EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(kunit_suite_has_succeeded); @@ -143,7 +151,8 @@ static void kunit_print_subtest_end(struct kunit_suite *suite) kunit_print_ok_not_ok((void *)suite, false, kunit_suite_has_succeeded(suite), kunit_suite_counter++, - suite->name); + suite->name, + suite->status_comment); } unsigned int kunit_test_case_num(struct kunit_suite *suite, @@ -252,7 +261,8 @@ void kunit_init_test(struct kunit *test, const char *name, char *log) test->log = log; if (test->log) test->log[0] = '\0'; - test->success = true; + test->status = KUNIT_SUCCESS; + test->status_comment[0] = '\0'; } EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(kunit_init_test); @@ -376,7 +386,8 @@ static void kunit_run_case_catch_errors(struct kunit_suite *suite, context.test_case = test_case; kunit_try_catch_run(try_catch, &context); - test_case->success = test->success; + test_case->status = test->status; + } int kunit_run_tests(struct kunit_suite *suite) @@ -388,7 +399,6 @@ int kunit_run_tests(struct kunit_suite *suite) kunit_suite_for_each_test_case(suite, test_case) { struct kunit test = { .param_value = NULL, .param_index = 0 }; - bool test_success = true; if (test_case->generate_params) { /* Get initial param. */ @@ -398,7 +408,6 @@ int kunit_run_tests(struct kunit_suite *suite) do { kunit_run_case_catch_errors(suite, test_case, &test); - test_success &= test_case->success; if (test_case->generate_params) { if (param_desc[0] == '\0') { @@ -410,7 +419,7 @@ int kunit_run_tests(struct kunit_suite *suite) KUNIT_SUBTEST_INDENT "# %s: %s %d - %s", test_case->name, - kunit_status_to_string(test.success), + kunit_status_to_string(test.status), test.param_index + 1, param_desc); /* Get next param. */ @@ -420,9 +429,10 @@ int kunit_run_tests(struct kunit_suite *suite) } } while (test.param_value); - kunit_print_ok_not_ok(&test, true, test_success, + kunit_print_ok_not_ok(&test, true, test_case->status, kunit_test_case_num(suite, test_case), - test_case->name); + test_case->name, + test.status_comment); } kunit_print_subtest_end(suite); @@ -434,6 +444,7 @@ EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(kunit_run_tests); static void kunit_init_suite(struct kunit_suite *suite) { kunit_debugfs_create_suite(suite); + suite->status_comment[0] = '\0'; } int __kunit_test_suites_init(struct kunit_suite * const * const suites) -- 2.31.1.818.g46aad6cb9e-goog

3 years, 8 months

4
16
0 0

[PATCH v6 0/4] KVM statistics data fd-based binary interface

by Jing Zhang

This patchset provides a file descriptor for every VM and VCPU to read KVM statistics data in binary format. It is meant to provide a lightweight, flexible, scalable and efficient lock-free solution for user space telemetry applications to pull the statistics data periodically for large scale systems. The pulling frequency could be as high as a few times per second. In this patchset, every statistics data are treated to have some attributes as below: * architecture dependent or common * VM statistics data or VCPU statistics data * type: cumulative, instantaneous, * unit: none for simple counter, nanosecond, microsecond, millisecond, second, Byte, KiByte, MiByte, GiByte. Clock Cycles Since no lock/synchronization is used, the consistency between all the statistics data is not guaranteed. That means not all statistics data are read out at the exact same time, since the statistics date are still being updated by KVM subsystems while they are read out. --- * v5 -> v6 - Use designated initializers for STATS_DESC - Change KVM_STATS_SCALE... to KVM_STATS_BASE... - Use a common function for kvm_[vm|vcpu]_stats_read - Fix some documentation errors/missings - Use TEST_ASSERT in selftest - Use a common function for [vm|vcpu]_stats_test in selftest * v4 -> v5 - Rebase to kvm/queue, commit a4345a7cecfb ("Merge tag 'kvmarm-fixes-5.13-1'") - Change maximum stats name length to 48 - Replace VM_STATS_COMMON/VCPU_STATS_COMMON macros with stats descriptor definition macros. - Fixed some errors/warnings reported by checkpatch.pl * v3 -> v4 - Rebase to kvm/queue, commit 9f242010c3b4 ("KVM: avoid "deadlock" between install_new_memslots and MMU notifier") - Use C-stype comments in the whole patch - Fix wrong count for x86 VCPU stats descriptors - Fix KVM stats data size counting and validity check in selftest * v2 -> v3 - Rebase to kvm/queue, commit edf408f5257b ("KVM: avoid "deadlock" between install_new_memslots and MMU notifier") - Resolve some nitpicks about format * v1 -> v2 - Use ARRAY_SIZE to count the number of stats descriptors - Fix missing `size` field initialization in macro STATS_DESC [1] https://lore.kernel.org/kvm/20210402224359.2297157-1-jingzhangos@google.com [2] https://lore.kernel.org/kvm/20210415151741.1607806-1-jingzhangos@google.com [3] https://lore.kernel.org/kvm/20210423181727.596466-1-jingzhangos@google.com [4] https://lore.kernel.org/kvm/20210429203740.1935629-1-jingzhangos@google.com [5] https://lore.kernel.org/kvm/20210517145314.157626-1-jingzhangos@google.com --- Jing Zhang (4): KVM: stats: Separate common stats from architecture specific ones KVM: stats: Add fd-based API to read binary stats data KVM: stats: Add documentation for statistics data binary interface KVM: selftests: Add selftest for KVM statistics data binary interface Documentation/virt/kvm/api.rst | 179 +++++++++++++++ arch/arm64/include/asm/kvm_host.h | 9 +- arch/arm64/kvm/guest.c | 38 ++- arch/mips/include/asm/kvm_host.h | 9 +- arch/mips/kvm/mips.c | 64 +++++- arch/powerpc/include/asm/kvm_host.h | 9 +- arch/powerpc/kvm/book3s.c | 64 +++++- arch/powerpc/kvm/book3s_hv.c | 12 +- arch/powerpc/kvm/book3s_pr.c | 2 +- arch/powerpc/kvm/book3s_pr_papr.c | 2 +- arch/powerpc/kvm/booke.c | 59 ++++- arch/s390/include/asm/kvm_host.h | 9 +- arch/s390/kvm/kvm-s390.c | 129 ++++++++++- arch/x86/include/asm/kvm_host.h | 9 +- arch/x86/kvm/x86.c | 67 +++++- include/linux/kvm_host.h | 141 +++++++++++- include/linux/kvm_types.h | 12 + include/uapi/linux/kvm.h | 50 ++++ tools/testing/selftests/kvm/.gitignore | 1 + tools/testing/selftests/kvm/Makefile | 3 + .../testing/selftests/kvm/include/kvm_util.h | 3 + .../selftests/kvm/kvm_bin_form_stats.c | 216 ++++++++++++++++++ tools/testing/selftests/kvm/lib/kvm_util.c | 12 + virt/kvm/kvm_main.c | 179 ++++++++++++++- 24 files changed, 1188 insertions(+), 90 deletions(-) create mode 100644 tools/testing/selftests/kvm/kvm_bin_form_stats.c base-commit: a4345a7cecfb91ae78cd43d26b0c6a956420761a -- 2.31.1.818.g46aad6cb9e-goog

3 years, 8 months

3
15
0 0

[PATCH] selftests/resctrl: Fix incorrect parsing of option "-t"

by Xiaochen Shen

Resctrl test suite accepts command line argument "-t" to specify the unit tests to run in the test list (e.g., -t mbm,mba,cmt,cat) as documented in the help. When calling strtok() to parse the option, the incorrect delimiters argument ":\t" is used. As a result, passing "-t mbm,mba,cmt,cat" throws an invalid option error. Fix this by using delimiters argument "," instead of ":\t" for parsing of unit tests list. At the same time, remove the unnecessary "spaces" between the unit tests in help documentation to prevent confusion. Fixes: 790bf585b0ee ("selftests/resctrl: Add Cache Allocation Technology (CAT) selftest") Fixes: 78941183d1b1 ("selftests/resctrl: Add Cache QoS Monitoring (CQM) selftest") Fixes: ecdbb911f22d ("selftests/resctrl: Add MBM test") Fixes: 034c7678dd2c ("selftests/resctrl: Add README for resctrl tests") Cc: stable(a)vger.kernel.org Signed-off-by: Xiaochen Shen <xiaochen.shen(a)intel.com> Reviewed-by: Tony Luck <tony.luck(a)intel.com> --- tools/testing/selftests/resctrl/README | 2 +- tools/testing/selftests/resctrl/resctrl_tests.c | 4 ++-- 2 files changed, 3 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-) diff --git a/tools/testing/selftests/resctrl/README b/tools/testing/selftests/resctrl/README index 4b36b25b6ac0..3d2bbd4fa3aa 100644 --- a/tools/testing/selftests/resctrl/README +++ b/tools/testing/selftests/resctrl/README @@ -47,7 +47,7 @@ Parameter '-h' shows usage information. usage: resctrl_tests [-h] [-b "benchmark_cmd [options]"] [-t test list] [-n no_of_bits] -b benchmark_cmd [options]: run specified benchmark for MBM, MBA and CMT default benchmark is builtin fill_buf - -t test list: run tests specified in the test list, e.g. -t mbm, mba, cmt, cat + -t test list: run tests specified in the test list, e.g. -t mbm,mba,cmt,cat -n no_of_bits: run cache tests using specified no of bits in cache bit mask -p cpu_no: specify CPU number to run the test. 1 is default -h: help diff --git a/tools/testing/selftests/resctrl/resctrl_tests.c b/tools/testing/selftests/resctrl/resctrl_tests.c index f51b5fc066a3..973f09a66e1e 100644 --- a/tools/testing/selftests/resctrl/resctrl_tests.c +++ b/tools/testing/selftests/resctrl/resctrl_tests.c @@ -40,7 +40,7 @@ static void cmd_help(void) printf("\t-b benchmark_cmd [options]: run specified benchmark for MBM, MBA and CMT\n"); printf("\t default benchmark is builtin fill_buf\n"); printf("\t-t test list: run tests specified in the test list, "); - printf("e.g. -t mbm, mba, cmt, cat\n"); + printf("e.g. -t mbm,mba,cmt,cat\n"); printf("\t-n no_of_bits: run cache tests using specified no of bits in cache bit mask\n"); printf("\t-p cpu_no: specify CPU number to run the test. 1 is default\n"); printf("\t-h: help\n"); @@ -173,7 +173,7 @@ int main(int argc, char **argv) return -1; } - token = strtok(NULL, ":\t"); + token = strtok(NULL, ","); } break; case 'p': -- 1.8.3.1

3 years, 8 months

1
0
0 0

x86/fpu/xsave: protection key test failures

by Babu Moger

Hi All, We have been noticing protection key test failures on our systems here. Shggy(Dave Kleikamp) from oracle reported to this problem couple of weeks ago. Here the is the failure. # ./protection_keys_64 has pkeys: 1 startup pkey_reg: 0000000055555550 test 0 PASSED (iteration 1) test 1 PASSED (iteration 1) test 2 PASSED (iteration 1) test 3 PASSED (iteration 1) test 4 PASSED (iteration 1) test 5 PASSED (iteration 1) test 6 PASSED (iteration 1) test 7 PASSED (iteration 1) test 8 PASSED (iteration 1) test 9 PASSED (iteration 1) test 10 PASSED (iteration 1) test 11 PASSED (iteration 1) test 12 PASSED (iteration 1) test 13 PASSED (iteration 1) protection_keys_64: pkey-helpers.h:127: _read_pkey_reg: Assertion `pkey_reg == shadow_pkey_reg' failed. Aborted (core dumped) The test that is failing is "test_ptrace_of_child". Sometimes it fails even earlier also. Sometimes(very rarely) it passes when I insert few printfs. Most probably it fails with test_ptrace_of_child. In the test "test_ptrace_of_child", the parent thread attaches to the child and modifies the data structure associated with protection key. Verifies the access results based on the key permissions. While running the test, the tool finds the key permission changes out of nowhere. The test fails with assert "assert(pkey_reg == shadow_pkey_reg);" Investigation so far. 1. The test fails on AMD(Milan) systems. Test appears to pass on Intel systems. Tested on old Intel system available here. 2. I was trying to see if the hardware(or firmware) is corrupting the pkru register value. At this point, it does not appear that way. I was able to trace all the MSR writes to the application or kernel. At this point, it does not appear to me as an hardware issue. I see that kernel appears to do save/restore properly during the context switch. This value stays default(value 0x55555554) in most cases unless the application changes the default permissions. Only application that changes here is "protection_keys". 3. I played with the test tool little bit. The behavior changes drastically when I make minor changes. For example, in the following code. void setup_handlers(void) { signal(SIGCHLD, &sig_chld); setup_sigsegv_handler(); } Just commenting the first line "signal(SIGCHLD, &sig_chld);" changes the behavior drastically. I see some tests PASS after this change. The first line appear to not do anything except some printing. I still have not figured out completely what is going on with setup_sigsegv_handler();. It seems very odd modifying some structures in the signal handler. I am not sure about some of the offsets it is trying to modify. I feel it may be messing up something there. I am not sure though. Will have to investigate. 4. I took the traces(x86_fpu) while running test. It appears to show some of the feature headers are not copied during the test. But I could not figure out why it was happening. It appears to show not all the feature headers are copied when the new child is created. When I printed the feature bits, they all appear to be intact. Here is the trace. protection_keys-17350 [035] 59275.833511: x86_fpu_regs_activated: x86/fpu: 0xffff93d7595e2dc0 load: 0 xfeatures: 202 xcomp_bv: 8000000000000207 protection_keys-17350 [035] 59275.834197: x86_fpu_copy_src: x86/fpu: 0xffff93d7595e2dc0 load: 0 xfeatures: 202 xcomp_bv: 8000000000000207 protection_keys-17350 [035] 59275.834197: x86_fpu_copy_dst: x86/fpu: 0xffff93d722877800 load: 0 xfeatures: 2 xcomp_bv: 8000000000000207 protection_keys-17351 [040] 59275.834274: x86_fpu_regs_activated: x86/fpu: 0xffff93d722877800 load: 1 xfeatures: 2 xcomp_bv: 8000000000000207 protection_keys-17350 [035] 59275.834283: x86_fpu_regs_deactivated: x86/fpu: 0xffff93d7595e2dc0 load: 0 xfeatures: 2 xcomp_bv: 8000000000000207 protection_keys-17351 [040] 59275.834289: x86_fpu_regs_deactivated: x86/fpu: 0xffff93d722877800 load: 0 xfeatures: 2 xcomp_bv: 8000000000000207 protection_keys-17350 [035] 59275.834296: x86_fpu_regs_activated: x86/fpu: 0xffff93d7595e2dc0 load: 0 xfeatures: 2 xcomp_bv: 8000000000000207 protection_keys-17350 [035] 59275.834298: x86_fpu_regs_activated: x86/fpu: 0xffff93d7595e2dc0 load: 0 xfeatures: 2 xcomp_bv: 8000000000000207 protection_keys-17350 [035] 59275.834406: x86_fpu_before_save: x86/fpu: 0xffff93d7595e2dc0 load: 0 xfeatures: 2 xcomp_bv: 8000000000000207 protection_keys-17350 [035] 59275.834406: x86_fpu_after_save: x86/fpu: 0xffff93d7595e2dc0 load: 0 xfeatures: 202 xcomp_bv: 8000000000000207 protection_keys-17350 [035] 59275.834408: x86_fpu_before_save: x86/fpu: 0xffff93d7595e2dc0 load: 0 xfeatures: 202 xcomp_bv: 8000000000000207 protection_keys-17350 [035] 59275.834408: x86_fpu_after_save: x86/fpu: 0xffff93d7595e2dc0 load: 0 xfeatures: 202 xcomp_bv: 8000000000000207 protection_keys-17350 [035] 59275.834654: x86_fpu_regs_deactivated: x86/fpu: 0xffff93d7595e2dc0 load: 0 xfeatures: 202 xcomp_bv: 8000000000000207 protection_keys-17350 [035] 59275.834654: x86_fpu_dropped: x86/fpu: 0xffff93d7595e2dc0 load: 0 xfeatures: 202 xcomp_bv: 8000000000000207 auditd-1834 [036] 59275.834655: x86_fpu_regs_activated: x86/fpu: 0xffff93d713fef800 load: 1 xfeatures: 202 xcomp_bv: 8000000000000207 protection_keys-17350 [035] 59275.834665: x86_fpu_regs_deactivated: x86/fpu: 0xffff93d7595e2dc0 load: 0 xfeatures: 202 xcomp_bv: 8000000000000207 <...>-17285 [041] 59275.834679: x86_fpu_regs_activated: x86/fpu: 0xffff93d716d0df40 load: 1 xfeatures: 202 xcomp_bv: 8000000000000207 5. I instrumented parent child interactions using a separate standalone application(without the signal handler), it appears to work just fine. I see PRKU register staying intact swiching from parent to child. My suspicion at this point is towards the selftest tool protection_keys.c. I will keep looking. Any feedback would be much appreciated to debug further. Shaggy, Feel free to add if I missed something. Thanks Babu

3 years, 8 months

4
12
0 0

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