The kernel has recently added support for shadow stacks, currently
x86 only using their CET feature but both arm64 and RISC-V have
equivalent features (GCS and Zicfiss respectively), I am actively
working on GCS[1]. With shadow stacks the hardware maintains an
additional stack containing only the return addresses for branch
instructions which is not generally writeable by userspace and ensures
that any returns are to the recorded addresses. This provides some
protection against ROP attacks and making it easier to collect call
stacks. These shadow stacks are allocated in the address space of the
userspace process.
Our API for shadow stacks does not currently offer userspace any
flexiblity for managing the allocation of shadow stacks for newly
created threads, instead the kernel allocates a new shadow stack with
the same size as the normal stack whenever a thread is created with the
feature enabled. The stacks allocated in this way are freed by the
kernel when the thread exits or shadow stacks are disabled for the
thread. This lack of flexibility and control isn't ideal, in the vast
majority of cases the shadow stack will be over allocated and the
implicit allocation and deallocation is not consistent with other
interfaces. As far as I can tell the interface is done in this manner
mainly because the shadow stack patches were in development since before
clone3() was implemented.
Since clone3() is readily extensible let's add support for specifying a
shadow stack when creating a new thread or process in a similar manner
to how the normal stack is specified, keeping the current implicit
allocation behaviour if one is not specified either with clone3() or
through the use of clone(). The user must provide a shadow stack
address and size, this must point to memory mapped for use as a shadow
stackby map_shadow_stack() with a shadow stack token at the top of the
stack.
Please note that the x86 portions of this code are build tested only, I
don't appear to have a system that can run CET avaible to me, I have
done testing with an integration into my pending work for GCS. There is
some possibility that the arm64 implementation may require the use of
clone3() and explicit userspace allocation of shadow stacks, this is
still under discussion.
Please further note that the token consumption done by clone3() is not
currently implemented in an atomic fashion, Rick indicated that he would
look into fixing this if people are OK with the implementation.
A new architecture feature Kconfig option for shadow stacks is added as
here, this was suggested as part of the review comments for the arm64
GCS series and since we need to detect if shadow stacks are supported it
seemed sensible to roll it in here.
[1] https://lore.kernel.org/r/20231009-arm64-gcs-v6-0-78e55deaa4dd@kernel.org/
Signed-off-by: Mark Brown <broonie(a)kernel.org>
---
Changes in v10:
- Integrate fixes & improvements for the x86 implementation from Rick
Edgecombe.
- Require that the shadow stack be VM_WRITE.
- Require that the shadow stack base and size be sizeof(void *) aligned.
- Clean up trailing newline.
- Link to v9: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20240819-clone3-shadow-stack-v9-0-962d74f99464@ke…
Changes in v9:
- Pull token validation earlier and report problems with an error return
to parent rather than signal delivery to the child.
- Verify that the top of the supplied shadow stack is VM_SHADOW_STACK.
- Rework token validation to only do the page mapping once.
- Drop no longer needed support for testing for signals in selftest.
- Fix typo in comments.
- Link to v8: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20240808-clone3-shadow-stack-v8-0-0acf37caf14c@ke…
Changes in v8:
- Fix token verification with user specified shadow stack.
- Don't track user managed shadow stacks for child processes.
- Link to v7: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20240731-clone3-shadow-stack-v7-0-a9532eebfb1d@ke…
Changes in v7:
- Rebase onto v6.11-rc1.
- Typo fixes.
- Link to v6: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20240623-clone3-shadow-stack-v6-0-9ee7783b1fb9@ke…
Changes in v6:
- Rebase onto v6.10-rc3.
- Ensure we don't try to free the parent shadow stack in error paths of
x86 arch code.
- Spelling fixes in userspace API document.
- Additional cleanups and improvements to the clone3() tests to support
the shadow stack tests.
- Link to v5: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20240203-clone3-shadow-stack-v5-0-322c69598e4b@ke…
Changes in v5:
- Rebase onto v6.8-rc2.
- Rework ABI to have the user allocate the shadow stack memory with
map_shadow_stack() and a token.
- Force inlining of the x86 shadow stack enablement.
- Move shadow stack enablement out into a shared header for reuse by
other tests.
- Link to v4: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20231128-clone3-shadow-stack-v4-0-8b28ffe4f676@ke…
Changes in v4:
- Formatting changes.
- Use a define for minimum shadow stack size and move some basic
validation to fork.c.
- Link to v3: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20231120-clone3-shadow-stack-v3-0-a7b8ed3e2acc@ke…
Changes in v3:
- Rebase onto v6.7-rc2.
- Remove stale shadow_stack in internal kargs.
- If a shadow stack is specified unconditionally use it regardless of
CLONE_ parameters.
- Force enable shadow stacks in the selftest.
- Update changelogs for RISC-V feature rename.
- Link to v2: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20231114-clone3-shadow-stack-v2-0-b613f8681155@ke…
Changes in v2:
- Rebase onto v6.7-rc1.
- Remove ability to provide preallocated shadow stack, just specify the
desired size.
- Link to v1: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20231023-clone3-shadow-stack-v1-0-d867d0b5d4d0@ke…
---
Mark Brown (8):
Documentation: userspace-api: Add shadow stack API documentation
selftests: Provide helper header for shadow stack testing
mm: Introduce ARCH_HAS_USER_SHADOW_STACK
fork: Add shadow stack support to clone3()
selftests/clone3: Remove redundant flushes of output streams
selftests/clone3: Factor more of main loop into test_clone3()
selftests/clone3: Allow tests to flag if -E2BIG is a valid error code
selftests/clone3: Test shadow stack support
Documentation/userspace-api/index.rst | 1 +
Documentation/userspace-api/shadow_stack.rst | 41 ++++
arch/x86/Kconfig | 1 +
arch/x86/include/asm/shstk.h | 11 +-
arch/x86/kernel/process.c | 2 +-
arch/x86/kernel/shstk.c | 96 ++++++--
fs/proc/task_mmu.c | 2 +-
include/asm-generic/cacheflush.h | 11 +
include/linux/mm.h | 2 +-
include/linux/sched/task.h | 18 ++
include/uapi/linux/sched.h | 13 +-
kernel/fork.c | 121 ++++++++++-
mm/Kconfig | 6 +
tools/testing/selftests/clone3/clone3.c | 254 ++++++++++++++++++----
tools/testing/selftests/clone3/clone3_selftests.h | 40 +++-
tools/testing/selftests/ksft_shstk.h | 61 ++++++
16 files changed, 593 insertions(+), 87 deletions(-)
---
base-commit: 8400291e289ee6b2bf9779ff1c83a291501f017b
change-id: 20231019-clone3-shadow-stack-15d40d2bf536
Best regards,
--
Mark Brown <broonie(a)kernel.org>
The arm64 Guarded Control Stack (GCS) feature provides support for
hardware protected stacks of return addresses, intended to provide
hardening against return oriented programming (ROP) attacks and to make
it easier to gather call stacks for applications such as profiling.
When GCS is active a secondary stack called the Guarded Control Stack is
maintained, protected with a memory attribute which means that it can
only be written with specific GCS operations. The current GCS pointer
can not be directly written to by userspace. When a BL is executed the
value stored in LR is also pushed onto the GCS, and when a RET is
executed the top of the GCS is popped and compared to LR with a fault
being raised if the values do not match. GCS operations may only be
performed on GCS pages, a data abort is generated if they are not.
The combination of hardware enforcement and lack of extra instructions
in the function entry and exit paths should result in something which
has less overhead and is more difficult to attack than a purely software
implementation like clang's shadow stacks.
This series implements support for use of GCS by userspace, along with
support for use of GCS within KVM guests. It does not enable use of GCS
by either EL1 or EL2, this will be implemented separately. Executables
are started without GCS and must use a prctl() to enable it, it is
expected that this will be done very early in application execution by
the dynamic linker or other startup code. For dynamic linking this will
be done by checking that everything in the executable is marked as GCS
compatible.
x86 has an equivalent feature called shadow stacks, this series depends
on the x86 patches for generic memory management support for the new
guarded/shadow stack page type and shares APIs as much as possible. As
there has been extensive discussion with the wider community around the
ABI for shadow stacks I have as far as practical kept implementation
decisions close to those for x86, anticipating that review would lead to
similar conclusions in the absence of strong reasoning for divergence.
The main divergence I am concious of is that x86 allows shadow stack to
be enabled and disabled repeatedly, freeing the shadow stack for the
thread whenever disabled, while this implementation keeps the GCS
allocated after disable but refuses to reenable it. This is to avoid
races with things actively walking the GCS during a disable, we do
anticipate that some systems will wish to disable GCS at runtime but are
not aware of any demand for subsequently reenabling it.
x86 uses an arch_prctl() to manage enable and disable, since only x86
and S/390 use arch_prctl() a generic prctl() was proposed[1] as part of a
patch set for the equivalent RISC-V Zicfiss feature which I initially
adopted fairly directly but following review feedback has been revised
quite a bit.
We currently maintain the x86 pattern of implicitly allocating a shadow
stack for threads started with shadow stack enabled, there has been some
discussion of removing this support and requiring the use of clone3()
with explicit allocation of shadow stacks instead. I have no strong
feelings either way, implicit allocation is not really consistent with
anything else we do and creates the potential for errors around thread
exit but on the other hand it is existing ABI on x86 and minimises the
changes needed in userspace code.
glibc and bionic changes using this ABI have been implemented and
tested. Headless Android systems have been validated and Ross Burton
has used this code has been used to bring up a Yocto system with GCS
enabed as standard, a test implementation of V8 support has also been
done.
There is an open issue with support for CRIU, on x86 this required the
ability to set the GCS mode via ptrace. This series supports
configuring mode bits other than enable/disable via ptrace but it needs
to be confirmed if this is sufficient.
The series depends on support for shadow stacks in clone3(), that series
includes the addition of ARCH_HAS_USER_SHADOW_STACK.
https://lore.kernel.org/r/20240731-clone3-shadow-stack-v7-0-a9532eebfb1d@ke…
You can see a branch with the full set of dependencies against Linus'
tree at:
https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/broonie/misc.git arm64-gcs
[1] https://lore.kernel.org/lkml/20230213045351.3945824-1-debug@rivosinc.com/
Signed-off-by: Mark Brown <broonie(a)kernel.org>
---
Changes in v10:
- Fix issues with THP.
- Tighten up requirements for initialising GCSCR*.
- Only generate GCS signal frames for threads using GCS.
- Only context switch EL1 GCS registers if S1PIE is enabled.
- Move context switch of GCSCRE0_EL1 to EL0 context switch.
- Make GCS registers unconditionally visible to userspace.
- Use FHU infrastructure.
- Don't change writability of ID_AA64PFR1_EL1 for KVM.
- Remove unused arguments from alloc_gcs().
- Typo fixes.
- Link to v9: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20240625-arm64-gcs-v9-0-0f634469b8f0@kernel.org
Changes in v9:
- Rebase onto v6.10-rc3.
- Restructure and clarify memory management fault handling.
- Fix up basic-gcs for the latest clone3() changes.
- Convert to newly merged KVM ID register based feature configuration.
- Fixes for NV traps.
- Link to v8: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20240203-arm64-gcs-v8-0-c9fec77673ef@kernel.org
Changes in v8:
- Invalidate signal cap token on stack when consuming.
- Typo and other trivial fixes.
- Don't try to use process_vm_write() on GCS, it intentionally does not
work.
- Fix leak of thread GCSs.
- Rebase onto latest clone3() series.
- Link to v7: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20231122-arm64-gcs-v7-0-201c483bd775@kernel.org
Changes in v7:
- Rebase onto v6.7-rc2 via the clone3() patch series.
- Change the token used to cap the stack during signal handling to be
compatible with GCSPOPM.
- Fix flags for new page types.
- Fold in support for clone3().
- Replace copy_to_user_gcs() with put_user_gcs().
- Link to v6: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20231009-arm64-gcs-v6-0-78e55deaa4dd@kernel.org
Changes in v6:
- Rebase onto v6.6-rc3.
- Add some more gcsb_dsync() barriers following spec clarifications.
- Due to ongoing discussion around clone()/clone3() I've not updated
anything there, the behaviour is the same as on previous versions.
- Link to v5: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20230822-arm64-gcs-v5-0-9ef181dd6324@kernel.org
Changes in v5:
- Don't map any permissions for user GCSs, we always use EL0 accessors
or use a separate mapping of the page.
- Reduce the standard size of the GCS to RLIMIT_STACK/2.
- Enforce a PAGE_SIZE alignment requirement on map_shadow_stack().
- Clarifications and fixes to documentation.
- More tests.
- Link to v4: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20230807-arm64-gcs-v4-0-68cfa37f9069@kernel.org
Changes in v4:
- Implement flags for map_shadow_stack() allowing the cap and end of
stack marker to be enabled independently or not at all.
- Relax size and alignment requirements for map_shadow_stack().
- Add more blurb explaining the advantages of hardware enforcement.
- Link to v3: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20230731-arm64-gcs-v3-0-cddf9f980d98@kernel.org
Changes in v3:
- Rebase onto v6.5-rc4.
- Add a GCS barrier on context switch.
- Add a GCS stress test.
- Link to v2: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20230724-arm64-gcs-v2-0-dc2c1d44c2eb@kernel.org
Changes in v2:
- Rebase onto v6.5-rc3.
- Rework prctl() interface to allow each bit to be locked independently.
- map_shadow_stack() now places the cap token based on the size
requested by the caller not the actual space allocated.
- Mode changes other than enable via ptrace are now supported.
- Expand test coverage.
- Various smaller fixes and adjustments.
- Link to v1: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20230716-arm64-gcs-v1-0-bf567f93bba6@kernel.org
---
Mark Brown (40):
arm64/mm: Restructure arch_validate_flags() for extensibility
prctl: arch-agnostic prctl for shadow stack
mman: Add map_shadow_stack() flags
arm64: Document boot requirements for Guarded Control Stacks
arm64/gcs: Document the ABI for Guarded Control Stacks
arm64/sysreg: Add definitions for architected GCS caps
arm64/gcs: Add manual encodings of GCS instructions
arm64/gcs: Provide put_user_gcs()
arm64/gcs: Provide basic EL2 setup to allow GCS usage at EL0 and EL1
arm64/cpufeature: Runtime detection of Guarded Control Stack (GCS)
arm64/mm: Allocate PIE slots for EL0 guarded control stack
mm: Define VM_SHADOW_STACK for arm64 when we support GCS
arm64/mm: Map pages for guarded control stack
KVM: arm64: Manage GCS access and registers for guests
arm64/idreg: Add overrride for GCS
arm64/hwcap: Add hwcap for GCS
arm64/traps: Handle GCS exceptions
arm64/mm: Handle GCS data aborts
arm64/gcs: Context switch GCS state for EL0
arm64/gcs: Ensure that new threads have a GCS
arm64/gcs: Implement shadow stack prctl() interface
arm64/mm: Implement map_shadow_stack()
arm64/signal: Set up and restore the GCS context for signal handlers
arm64/signal: Expose GCS state in signal frames
arm64/ptrace: Expose GCS via ptrace and core files
arm64: Add Kconfig for Guarded Control Stack (GCS)
kselftest/arm64: Verify the GCS hwcap
kselftest: Provide shadow stack enable helpers for arm64
selftests/clone3: Enable arm64 shadow stack testing
kselftest/arm64: Add GCS as a detected feature in the signal tests
kselftest/arm64: Add framework support for GCS to signal handling tests
kselftest/arm64: Allow signals tests to specify an expected si_code
kselftest/arm64: Always run signals tests with GCS enabled
kselftest/arm64: Add very basic GCS test program
kselftest/arm64: Add a GCS test program built with the system libc
kselftest/arm64: Add test coverage for GCS mode locking
kselftest/arm64: Add GCS signal tests
kselftest/arm64: Add a GCS stress test
kselftest/arm64: Enable GCS for the FP stress tests
KVM: selftests: arm64: Add GCS registers to get-reg-list
Documentation/admin-guide/kernel-parameters.txt | 3 +
Documentation/arch/arm64/booting.rst | 30 +
Documentation/arch/arm64/elf_hwcaps.rst | 2 +
Documentation/arch/arm64/gcs.rst | 233 +++++++
Documentation/arch/arm64/index.rst | 1 +
Documentation/filesystems/proc.rst | 2 +-
arch/arm64/Kconfig | 20 +
arch/arm64/include/asm/cpufeature.h | 6 +
arch/arm64/include/asm/el2_setup.h | 29 +
arch/arm64/include/asm/esr.h | 28 +-
arch/arm64/include/asm/exception.h | 2 +
arch/arm64/include/asm/gcs.h | 107 +++
arch/arm64/include/asm/hwcap.h | 1 +
arch/arm64/include/asm/kvm_host.h | 8 +
arch/arm64/include/asm/mman.h | 23 +-
arch/arm64/include/asm/pgtable-prot.h | 14 +-
arch/arm64/include/asm/processor.h | 7 +
arch/arm64/include/asm/sysreg.h | 20 +
arch/arm64/include/asm/uaccess.h | 40 ++
arch/arm64/include/asm/vncr_mapping.h | 2 +
arch/arm64/include/uapi/asm/hwcap.h | 1 +
arch/arm64/include/uapi/asm/ptrace.h | 8 +
arch/arm64/include/uapi/asm/sigcontext.h | 9 +
arch/arm64/kernel/cpufeature.c | 12 +
arch/arm64/kernel/cpuinfo.c | 1 +
arch/arm64/kernel/entry-common.c | 23 +
arch/arm64/kernel/pi/idreg-override.c | 2 +
arch/arm64/kernel/process.c | 85 +++
arch/arm64/kernel/ptrace.c | 59 ++
arch/arm64/kernel/signal.c | 240 ++++++-
arch/arm64/kernel/traps.c | 11 +
arch/arm64/kvm/hyp/include/hyp/sysreg-sr.h | 49 +-
arch/arm64/kvm/sys_regs.c | 12 +
arch/arm64/mm/Makefile | 1 +
arch/arm64/mm/fault.c | 42 ++
arch/arm64/mm/gcs.c | 324 +++++++++
arch/arm64/mm/mmap.c | 10 +-
arch/arm64/tools/cpucaps | 1 +
arch/x86/include/uapi/asm/mman.h | 3 -
include/linux/mm.h | 16 +-
include/uapi/asm-generic/mman.h | 4 +
include/uapi/linux/elf.h | 1 +
include/uapi/linux/prctl.h | 22 +
kernel/sys.c | 30 +
tools/testing/selftests/arm64/Makefile | 2 +-
tools/testing/selftests/arm64/abi/hwcap.c | 19 +
tools/testing/selftests/arm64/fp/assembler.h | 15 +
tools/testing/selftests/arm64/fp/fpsimd-test.S | 2 +
tools/testing/selftests/arm64/fp/sve-test.S | 2 +
tools/testing/selftests/arm64/fp/za-test.S | 2 +
tools/testing/selftests/arm64/fp/zt-test.S | 2 +
tools/testing/selftests/arm64/gcs/.gitignore | 5 +
tools/testing/selftests/arm64/gcs/Makefile | 24 +
tools/testing/selftests/arm64/gcs/asm-offsets.h | 0
tools/testing/selftests/arm64/gcs/basic-gcs.c | 357 ++++++++++
tools/testing/selftests/arm64/gcs/gcs-locking.c | 200 ++++++
.../selftests/arm64/gcs/gcs-stress-thread.S | 311 +++++++++
tools/testing/selftests/arm64/gcs/gcs-stress.c | 530 +++++++++++++++
tools/testing/selftests/arm64/gcs/gcs-util.h | 100 +++
tools/testing/selftests/arm64/gcs/libc-gcs.c | 736 +++++++++++++++++++++
tools/testing/selftests/arm64/signal/.gitignore | 1 +
.../testing/selftests/arm64/signal/test_signals.c | 17 +-
.../testing/selftests/arm64/signal/test_signals.h | 6 +
.../selftests/arm64/signal/test_signals_utils.c | 32 +-
.../selftests/arm64/signal/test_signals_utils.h | 39 ++
.../arm64/signal/testcases/gcs_exception_fault.c | 62 ++
.../selftests/arm64/signal/testcases/gcs_frame.c | 88 +++
.../arm64/signal/testcases/gcs_write_fault.c | 67 ++
.../selftests/arm64/signal/testcases/testcases.c | 7 +
.../selftests/arm64/signal/testcases/testcases.h | 1 +
tools/testing/selftests/clone3/clone3_selftests.h | 26 +
tools/testing/selftests/ksft_shstk.h | 37 ++
tools/testing/selftests/kvm/aarch64/get-reg-list.c | 28 +
73 files changed, 4222 insertions(+), 40 deletions(-)
---
base-commit: 2d2c15fd64fcaba525a96e3198e4a4732680a49e
change-id: 20230303-arm64-gcs-e311ab0d8729
Best regards,
--
Mark Brown <broonie(a)kernel.org>
This small series includes fixes for creation of veth pairs for
networkless kernels & adds tests for turning the different network
interface features on and off in selftests/net/netdevice.sh script.
Tested using vng and compiles for network as well as networkless kernel.
Changes in v8:
Remove redundant variable initial_state as per feedback in v7.
Changes in v7:
https://lore.kernel.org/all/20240815105924.1389290-1-jain.abhinav177@gmail.…
Create a third patch in the series to do SKIP -> XFAIL replacement.
Add logic to incorporate XFAIL on setting IP address for veth pair.
Changes in v6:
https://lore.kernel.org/all/20240814191517.50466-1-jain.abhinav177@gmail.com
Use XFAIL for ethtool operations that are unsupported instead of SKIP.
Changes in v5:
https://lore.kernel.org/all/20240808122452.25683-1-jain.abhinav177@gmail.com
Rectify the syntax for ip add link.
Fix the veth_created condition check.
Changes in v4:
https://lore.kernel.org/all/20240807175717.7775-1-jain.abhinav177@gmail.com
Move veth creation/removal to the main shell script.
Tested using vng on a networkless kernel and the script works, sample
output below the changes.
Changes in v3:
https://lore.kernel.org/all/20240614113240.41550-1-jain.abhinav177@gmail.com
Add a check for netdev, create veth pair for testing.
Restore feature to its initial state.
Changes in v2:
https://lore.kernel.org/all/20240609132124.51683-1-jain.abhinav177@gmail.com
Remove tail usage; use read to parse the features from temp file.
v1:
https://lore.kernel.org/all/20240606212714.27472-1-jain.abhinav177@gmail.com
```
# selftests: net: netdevice.sh
# No valid network device found, creating veth pair
# PASS: veth0: set interface up
# PASS: veth0: set MAC address
# XFAIL: veth0: set IP address unsupported for veth*
# PASS: veth0: ethtool list features
# PASS: veth0: Turned off feature: rx-checksumming
# PASS: veth0: Turned on feature: rx-checksumming
# PASS: veth0: Restore feature rx-checksumming to initial state on
# Actual changes:
# tx-checksum-ip-generic: off
...
# PASS: veth0: Turned on feature: rx-udp-gro-forwarding
# PASS: veth0: Restore feature rx-udp-gro-forwarding to initial state off
# Cannot get register dump: Operation not supported
# XFAIL: veth0: ethtool dump not supported
# PASS: veth0: ethtool stats
# PASS: veth0: stop interface
```
Abhinav Jain (3):
selftests: net: Create veth pair for testing in networkless kernel
selftests: net: Add on/off checks for non-fixed features of interface
selftests: net: Use XFAIL for operations not supported by the driver
tools/testing/selftests/net/netdevice.sh | 61 ++++++++++++++++++++++--
1 file changed, 57 insertions(+), 4 deletions(-)
--
2.34.1
This patch series introduces a set of regression tests for various s390x
CPU subfunctions in KVM. The tests ensure that the KVM implementation accurately
reflects the behavior of actual CPU instructions for these subfunctions.
The series adds tests for a total of 15 instructions across five patches,
covering a range of operations including sorting, compression, and various
cryptographic functions. Each patch follows a consistent testing pattern:
1. Obtain the KVM_S390_VM_CPU_MACHINE_SUBFUNC attribute for the VM.
2. Execute the relevant asm instructions.
3. Compare KVM-reported results with direct instruction execution results.
Testing has been performed on s390x hardware with KVM support. All tests
pass successfully, verifying the correct implementation of these
subfunctions in KVM.
---
v2:
* Fix facility_bit type from bool to int
---
Hariharan Mari (5):
KVM: s390: selftests: Add regression tests for SORTL and DFLTCC CPU
subfunctions
KVM: s390: selftests: Add regression tests for PRNO, KDSA and KMA
crypto subfunctions
KVM: s390: selftests: Add regression tests for KMCTR, KMF, KMO and PCC
crypto subfunctions
KVM: s390: selftests: Add regression tests for KMAC, KMC, KM, KIMD and
KLMD crypto subfunctions
KVM: s390: selftests: Add regression tests for PLO subfunctions
tools/testing/selftests/kvm/Makefile | 1 +
.../selftests/kvm/include/s390x/facility.h | 50 +++
.../kvm/s390x/cpumodel_subfuncs_test.c | 343 ++++++++++++++++++
3 files changed, 394 insertions(+)
create mode 100644 tools/testing/selftests/kvm/include/s390x/facility.h
create mode 100644 tools/testing/selftests/kvm/s390x/cpumodel_subfuncs_test.c
--
2.45.2
From: Jeff Xu <jeffxu(a)chromium.org>
mremap doesn't allow relocate, expand, shrink across VMA boundaries,
refactor the code to check src address range before doing anything on
the destination, i.e. destination won't be unmapped, if src address
failed the boundaries check.
This also allows us to remove can_modify_mm from mremap.c, since
the src address must be single VMA, can_modify_vma is used.
It is likely this will improve the performance on mremap, previously
the code does sealing check using can_modify_mm for the src address range,
and the new code removed the loop (used by can_modify_mm).
In order to verify this patch doesn't regress on mremap, I added tests in
mseal_test, the test patch can be applied before mremap refactor patch or
checkin independently.
Also this patch doesn't change mseal's existing schematic: if sealing fail,
user can expect the src/dst address isn't updated. So this patch can be
applied regardless if we decided to go with current out-of-loop approach
or in-loop approach currently in discussion.
Regarding the perf test report by stress-ng [1] title:
8be7258aad: stress-ng.pagemove.page_remaps_per_sec -4.4% regression
The test is using below for testing:
stress-ng --timeout 60 --times --verify --metrics --no-rand-seed --pagemove 64
I can't repro this using ChromeOS, the pagemove test shows large value
of stddev and stderr, and can't reasonably refect the performance impact.
For example: I write a c program [2] to run the above pagemove test 10 times
and calculate the stddev, stderr, for 3 commits:
1> before mseal feature is added:
Ops/sec:
Mean : 3564.40
Std Dev : 2737.35 (76.80% of Mean)
Std Err : 865.63 (24.29% of Mean)
2> after mseal feature is added:
Ops/sec:
Mean : 2703.84
Std Dev : 2085.13 (77.12% of Mean)
Std Err : 659.38 (24.39% of Mean)
3> after current patch (mremap refactor)
Ops/sec:
Mean : 3603.67
Std Dev : 2422.22 (67.22% of Mean)
Std Err : 765.97 (21.26% of Mean)
The result shows 21%-24% stderr, this means whatever perf improvment/impact
there might be won't be measured correctly by this test.
This test machine has 32G memory, Intel(R) Celeron(R) 7305, 5 CPU.
And I reboot the machine before each test, and take the first 10 runs with
run_stress_ng 10
(I will run longer duration to see if test still shows large stdDev,StdErr)
[1] https://lore.kernel.org/lkml/202408041602.caa0372-oliver.sang@intel.com/
[2] https://github.com/peaktocreek/mmperf/blob/main/run_stress_ng.c
Jeff Xu (2):
mseal:selftest mremap across VMA boundaries.
mseal: refactor mremap to remove can_modify_mm
mm/internal.h | 24 ++
mm/mremap.c | 77 +++----
mm/mseal.c | 17 --
tools/testing/selftests/mm/mseal_test.c | 293 +++++++++++++++++++++++-
4 files changed, 353 insertions(+), 58 deletions(-)
--
2.46.0.76.ge559c4bf1a-goog
Adds a selftest that creates two virtual interfaces, assigns one to a
new namespace, and assigns IP addresses to both.
It listens on the destination interface using socat and configures a
dynamic target on netconsole, pointing to the destination IP address.
The test then checks if the message was received properly on the
destination interface.
Signed-off-by: Breno Leitao <leitao(a)debian.org>
Acked-by: Matthieu Baerts (NGI0) <matttbe(a)kernel.org>
---
Changelog:
v5:
* Replace check_file_size() by "test -s" (Matthieu)
v4:
* Avoid sleeping in waiting for sockets and files (Matthieu Baerts)
* Some other improvements (Matthieu Baerts)
* Add configfs as a dependency (Jakub)
* https://lore.kernel.org/all/20240816132450.346744-1-leitao@debian.org/
v3:
* Defined CONFIGs in config file (Jakub)
* Identention fixes (Petr Machata)
* Use setup_ns in a better way (Matthieu Baerts)
* Add dependencies in TEST_INCLUDES (Hangbin Liu)
* https://lore.kernel.org/all/20240815095157.3064722-1-leitao@debian.org/
v2:
* Change the location of the path (Jakub)
* Move from veth to netdevsim
* Other small changes in dependency checks and cleanup
* https://lore.kernel.org/all/20240813183825.837091-1-leitao@debian.org/
v1:
* https://lore.kernel.org/all/ZqyUHN770pjSofTC@gmail.com/
MAINTAINERS | 1 +
tools/testing/selftests/drivers/net/Makefile | 5 +-
tools/testing/selftests/drivers/net/config | 4 +
.../selftests/drivers/net/netcons_basic.sh | 225 ++++++++++++++++++
4 files changed, 234 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)
create mode 100755 tools/testing/selftests/drivers/net/netcons_basic.sh
diff --git a/MAINTAINERS b/MAINTAINERS
index 5dbf23cf11c8..9a371ddd8719 100644
--- a/MAINTAINERS
+++ b/MAINTAINERS
@@ -15772,6 +15772,7 @@ M: Breno Leitao <leitao(a)debian.org>
S: Maintained
F: Documentation/networking/netconsole.rst
F: drivers/net/netconsole.c
+F: tools/testing/selftests/drivers/net/netcons_basic.sh
NETDEVSIM
M: Jakub Kicinski <kuba(a)kernel.org>
diff --git a/tools/testing/selftests/drivers/net/Makefile b/tools/testing/selftests/drivers/net/Makefile
index e54f382bcb02..39fb97a8c1df 100644
--- a/tools/testing/selftests/drivers/net/Makefile
+++ b/tools/testing/selftests/drivers/net/Makefile
@@ -1,8 +1,11 @@
# SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
-TEST_INCLUDES := $(wildcard lib/py/*.py)
+TEST_INCLUDES := $(wildcard lib/py/*.py) \
+ ../../net/net_helper.sh \
+ ../../net/lib.sh \
TEST_PROGS := \
+ netcons_basic.sh \
ping.py \
queues.py \
stats.py \
diff --git a/tools/testing/selftests/drivers/net/config b/tools/testing/selftests/drivers/net/config
index f6a58ce8a230..a2d8af60876d 100644
--- a/tools/testing/selftests/drivers/net/config
+++ b/tools/testing/selftests/drivers/net/config
@@ -1,2 +1,6 @@
CONFIG_IPV6=y
CONFIG_NETDEVSIM=m
+CONFIG_CONFIGFS_FS=y
+CONFIG_NETCONSOLE=m
+CONFIG_NETCONSOLE_DYNAMIC=y
+CONFIG_NETCONSOLE_EXTENDED_LOG=y
diff --git a/tools/testing/selftests/drivers/net/netcons_basic.sh b/tools/testing/selftests/drivers/net/netcons_basic.sh
new file mode 100755
index 000000000000..137875505663
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tools/testing/selftests/drivers/net/netcons_basic.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,225 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env bash
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
+
+# This test creates two netdevsim virtual interfaces, assigns one of them (the
+# "destination interface") to a new namespace, and assigns IP addresses to both
+# interfaces.
+#
+# It listens on the destination interface using socat and configures a dynamic
+# target on netconsole, pointing to the destination IP address.
+#
+# Finally, it checks whether the message was received properly on the
+# destination interface. Note that this test may pollute the kernel log buffer
+# (dmesg) and relies on dynamic configuration and namespaces being configured.
+#
+# Author: Breno Leitao <leitao(a)debian.org>
+
+set -euo pipefail
+
+SCRIPTDIR=$(dirname "$(readlink -e "${BASH_SOURCE[0]}")")
+
+# Simple script to test dynamic targets in netconsole
+SRCIF="" # to be populated later
+SRCIP=192.168.1.1
+DSTIF="" # to be populated later
+DSTIP=192.168.1.2
+
+PORT="6666"
+MSG="netconsole selftest"
+TARGET=$(mktemp -u netcons_XXXXX)
+NETCONS_CONFIGFS="/sys/kernel/config/netconsole"
+NETCONS_PATH="${NETCONS_CONFIGFS}"/"${TARGET}"
+# NAMESPACE will be populated by setup_ns with a random value
+NAMESPACE=""
+
+# IDs for netdevsim
+NSIM_DEV_1_ID=$((256 + RANDOM % 256))
+NSIM_DEV_2_ID=$((512 + RANDOM % 256))
+
+# Used to create and delete namespaces
+source "${SCRIPTDIR}"/../../net/lib.sh
+source "${SCRIPTDIR}"/../../net/net_helper.sh
+
+# Create netdevsim interfaces
+create_ifaces() {
+ local NSIM_DEV_SYS_NEW=/sys/bus/netdevsim/new_device
+
+ echo "$NSIM_DEV_2_ID" > "$NSIM_DEV_SYS_NEW"
+ echo "$NSIM_DEV_1_ID" > "$NSIM_DEV_SYS_NEW"
+ udevadm settle 2> /dev/null || true
+
+ local NSIM1=/sys/bus/netdevsim/devices/netdevsim"$NSIM_DEV_1_ID"
+ local NSIM2=/sys/bus/netdevsim/devices/netdevsim"$NSIM_DEV_2_ID"
+
+ # These are global variables
+ SRCIF=$(find "$NSIM1"/net -maxdepth 1 -type d ! \
+ -path "$NSIM1"/net -exec basename {} \;)
+ DSTIF=$(find "$NSIM2"/net -maxdepth 1 -type d ! \
+ -path "$NSIM2"/net -exec basename {} \;)
+}
+
+link_ifaces() {
+ local NSIM_DEV_SYS_LINK="/sys/bus/netdevsim/link_device"
+ local SRCIF_IFIDX=$(cat /sys/class/net/"$SRCIF"/ifindex)
+ local DSTIF_IFIDX=$(cat /sys/class/net/"$DSTIF"/ifindex)
+
+ exec {NAMESPACE_FD}</var/run/netns/"${NAMESPACE}"
+ exec {INITNS_FD}</proc/self/ns/net
+
+ # Bind the dst interface to namespace
+ ip link set "${DSTIF}" netns "${NAMESPACE}"
+
+ # Linking one device to the other one (on the other namespace}
+ if ! echo "${INITNS_FD}:$SRCIF_IFIDX $NAMESPACE_FD:$DSTIF_IFIDX" > $NSIM_DEV_SYS_LINK
+ then
+ echo "linking netdevsim1 with netdevsim2 should succeed"
+ cleanup
+ exit "${ksft_skip}"
+ fi
+}
+
+function configure_ip() {
+ # Configure the IPs for both interfaces
+ ip netns exec "${NAMESPACE}" ip addr add "${DSTIP}"/24 dev "${DSTIF}"
+ ip netns exec "${NAMESPACE}" ip link set "${DSTIF}" up
+
+ ip addr add "${SRCIP}"/24 dev "${SRCIF}"
+ ip link set "${SRCIF}" up
+}
+
+function set_network() {
+ # setup_ns function is coming from lib.sh
+ setup_ns NAMESPACE
+
+ # Create both interfaces, and assign the destination to a different
+ # namespace
+ create_ifaces
+
+ # Link both interfaces back to back
+ link_ifaces
+
+ configure_ip
+}
+
+function create_dynamic_target() {
+ DSTMAC=$(ip netns exec "${NAMESPACE}" \
+ ip link show "${DSTIF}" | awk '/ether/ {print $2}')
+
+ # Create a dynamic target
+ mkdir "${NETCONS_PATH}"
+
+ echo "${DSTIP}" > "${NETCONS_PATH}"/remote_ip
+ echo "${SRCIP}" > "${NETCONS_PATH}"/local_ip
+ echo "${DSTMAC}" > "${NETCONS_PATH}"/remote_mac
+ echo "${SRCIF}" > "${NETCONS_PATH}"/dev_name
+
+ echo 1 > "${NETCONS_PATH}"/enabled
+}
+
+function cleanup() {
+ local NSIM_DEV_SYS_DEL="/sys/bus/netdevsim/del_device"
+
+ # delete netconsole dynamic reconfiguration
+ echo 0 > "${NETCONS_PATH}"/enabled
+ # Remove the configfs entry
+ rmdir "${NETCONS_PATH}"
+
+ # Delete netdevsim devices
+ echo "$NSIM_DEV_2_ID" > "$NSIM_DEV_SYS_DEL"
+ echo "$NSIM_DEV_1_ID" > "$NSIM_DEV_SYS_DEL"
+
+ # this is coming from lib.sh
+ cleanup_all_ns
+}
+
+function listen_port_and_save_to() {
+ local OUTPUT=${1}
+ # Just wait for 2 seconds
+ timeout 2 ip netns exec "${NAMESPACE}" \
+ socat UDP-LISTEN:"${PORT}",fork "${OUTPUT}"
+}
+
+function validate_result() {
+ local TMPFILENAME="$1"
+
+ # Check if the file exists
+ if [ ! -f "$TMPFILENAME" ]; then
+ echo "FAIL: File was not generated." >&2
+ exit "${ksft_fail}"
+ fi
+
+ if ! grep -q "${MSG}" "${TMPFILENAME}"; then
+ echo "FAIL: ${MSG} not found in ${TMPFILENAME}" >&2
+ cat "${TMPFILENAME}" >&2
+ exit "${ksft_fail}"
+ fi
+
+ # Delete the file once it is validated, otherwise keep it
+ # for debugging purposes
+ rm "${TMPFILENAME}"
+ exit "${ksft_pass}"
+}
+
+function check_for_dependencies() {
+ if [ "$(id -u)" -ne 0 ]; then
+ echo "This test must be run as root" >&2
+ exit "${ksft_skip}"
+ fi
+
+ if ! which socat > /dev/null ; then
+ echo "SKIP: socat(1) is not available" >&2
+ exit "${ksft_skip}"
+ fi
+
+ if ! which ip > /dev/null ; then
+ echo "SKIP: ip(1) is not available" >&2
+ exit "${ksft_skip}"
+ fi
+
+ if ! which udevadm > /dev/null ; then
+ echo "SKIP: udevadm(1) is not available" >&2
+ exit "${ksft_skip}"
+ fi
+
+ if [ ! -d "${NETCONS_CONFIGFS}" ]; then
+ echo "SKIP: directory ${NETCONS_CONFIGFS} does not exist. Check if NETCONSOLE_DYNAMIC is enabled" >&2
+ exit "${ksft_skip}"
+ fi
+
+ if ip link show "${DSTIF}" 2> /dev/null; then
+ echo "SKIP: interface ${DSTIF} exists in the system. Not overwriting it." >&2
+ exit "${ksft_skip}"
+ fi
+}
+
+# ========== #
+# Start here #
+# ========== #
+modprobe netdevsim 2> /dev/null || true
+modprobe netconsole 2 > /dev/null || true
+
+# The content of kmsg will be save to the following file
+OUTPUT_FILE="/tmp/${TARGET}"
+
+# Check for basic system dependency and exit if not found
+check_for_dependencies
+# Set current loglevel to KERN_INFO(6), and default to KERN_NOTICE(5)
+echo "6 5" > /proc/sys/kernel/printk
+# Remove the namespace, interfaces and netconsole target on exit
+trap cleanup EXIT
+# Create one namespace and two interfaces
+set_network
+# Create a dynamic target for netconsole
+create_dynamic_target
+# Listed for netconsole port inside the namespace and destination interface
+listen_port_and_save_to "${OUTPUT_FILE}" &
+# Wait for socat to start and listen to the port.
+wait_local_port_listen "${NAMESPACE}" "${PORT}" udp
+# Send the message
+echo "${MSG}: ${TARGET}" > /dev/kmsg
+# Wait until socat saves the file to disk
+busywait "${BUSYWAIT_TIMEOUT}" test -s "${OUTPUT_FILE}"
+
+# Make sure the message was received in the dst part
+# and exit
+validate_result "${OUTPUT_FILE}"
--
2.43.5
From: "Steven Rostedt (Google)" <rostedt(a)goodmis.org>
The function "scheduler_tick" was renamed to "sched_tick" and a selftest
that used that function for testing function trace filtering used that
function as part of the test.
But the change causes it to fail when run on older kernels. As tests
should not fail on older kernels, add a check to see which name is
available before testing.
Fixes: 86dd6c04ef9f2 ("sched/balancing: Rename scheduler_tick() => sched_tick()")
Signed-off-by: Steven Rostedt (Google) <rostedt(a)goodmis.org>
---
.../ftrace/test.d/ftrace/func_set_ftrace_file.tc | 9 ++++++++-
1 file changed, 8 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)
diff --git a/tools/testing/selftests/ftrace/test.d/ftrace/func_set_ftrace_file.tc b/tools/testing/selftests/ftrace/test.d/ftrace/func_set_ftrace_file.tc
index 073a748b9380..263f6b798c85 100644
--- a/tools/testing/selftests/ftrace/test.d/ftrace/func_set_ftrace_file.tc
+++ b/tools/testing/selftests/ftrace/test.d/ftrace/func_set_ftrace_file.tc
@@ -19,7 +19,14 @@ fail() { # mesg
FILTER=set_ftrace_filter
FUNC1="schedule"
-FUNC2="sched_tick"
+if grep '^sched_tick\b' available_filter_functions; then
+ FUNC2="sched_tick"
+elif grep '^scheduler_tick\b' available_filter_functions; then
+ FUNC2="scheduler_tick"
+else
+ exit_unresolved
+fi
+
ALL_FUNCS="#### all functions enabled ####"
--
2.43.0