April 2026 - Linaro-mm-sig - lists.linaro.org

Living a Thousand Lives: Exploring the Quirky World of BitLife

by vast.stoat.yach＠hidingmail.net

Have you ever wondered what your life would look like if you made entirely different choices? Life simulation games have always been a fascinating genre for gamers, but few capture the unpredictable, hilarious, and sometimes chaotic nature of existence quite like Bitlife. Instead of relying on heavy 3D graphics, it is a text-based simulator that focuses entirely on the ripple effects of your decisions. It’s perfect for casual gaming sessions, so let's dive into how to play and get the most out of this quirky experience. https://bitlifefree.io/ Gameplay: Growing Up, One Year at a Time The premise of the game is incredibly simple but highly addictive. You are born with a random set of basic stats—Happiness, Health, Smarts, and Looks—in a random country to random parents. From there, you control your character's life year by year simply by tapping the "Age" button. In your early years, your choices are understandably limited to things like interacting with your parents, going to the doctor, or playing with pets. But as you grow into a teenager and an adult, the world completely opens up. You can choose to study hard, drop out, date, travel the world, buy real estate, or even turn to a life of crime. Every year, the game throws random scenarios at you: a classmate might insult you, you might be offered a questionable substance at a party, or you might find a wallet on the street. How you react directly impacts your stats and future opportunities. You might even have to pass mini-games, like navigating a maze for your driving test or escaping from prison. The ultimate goal is simply to live your life until your character passes away, leaving behind a unique legacy and a tombstone summarizing your deeds. Tips for a Great Experience If you are just starting out, here are a few tips to make your virtual life more successful—or at least more entertaining: Keep an eye on your core stats: Your Health and Happiness are crucial. If they drop too low, your character might face early health issues. Go to the gym, meditate, go to the movies, or spend time with family to keep these bars in the green. Education pays off (usually): If you want a high-paying, stable career like a doctor, judge, or CEO, use the "Study harder" option every year during school. Read books at the library to passively boost your Smarts stat. Hunt for Ribbons: At the end of every life, you are awarded a ribbon based on how you lived (e.g., "Hero," "Scandalous," "Lazy," or "Rich"). Trying to collect all the different ribbons is a great way to give yourself specific goals. Don't be afraid of the absurd: The real charm of the game is in its wild unpredictability. Sometimes, making terrible choices, trying to become a famous actor, or buying a crazy exotic pet leads to the most memorable playthroughs. Don't always play it safe! Conclusion Ultimately, the beauty of this simulator lies in its endless replayability. Every time you hit the button to start a new life, it is a completely blank slate. You can be a saint in one lifetime and an absolute menace to society in the next. Whether you have five minutes to kill on a bus commute or an hour to craft a sprawling, multi-generational family dynasty, diving into Bitlife offers a fun, lighthearted escape into a world where you pull all the strings. Give it a try, and see exactly where your choices take you!

3 days, 18 hours

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Re: [PATCH] drm: docs: Remove item from TODO list

by Maxime Ripard

Hi, On Mon, Oct 23, 2023 at 10:25:50AM -0700, Doug Anderson wrote: > On Mon, Oct 23, 2023 at 9:31 AM Yuran Pereira <yuran.pereira(a)hotmail.com> wrote: > > > > Since "Clean up checks for already prepared/enabled in panels" has > > already been done and merged [1], I think there is no longer a need > > for this item to be in the gpu TODO. > > > > [1] https://patchwork.freedesktop.org/patch/551421/ > > > > Signed-off-by: Yuran Pereira <yuran.pereira(a)hotmail.com> > > --- > > Documentation/gpu/todo.rst | 25 ------------------------- > > 1 file changed, 25 deletions(-) > > It's not actually all done. It's in a bit of a limbo state right now, > unfortunately. I landed all of the "simple" cases where panels were > needlessly tracking prepare/enable, but the less simple cases are > still outstanding. > > Specifically the issue is that many panels have code to properly power > cycle themselves off at shutdown time and in order to do that they > need to keep track of the prepare/enable state. After a big, long > discussion [1] it was decided that we could get rid of all the panel > code handling shutdown if only all relevant DRM KMS drivers would > properly call drm_atomic_helper_shutdown(). > > I made an attempt to get DRM KMS drivers to call > drm_atomic_helper_shutdown() [2] [3] [4]. I was able to land the > patches that went through drm-misc, but currently many of the > non-drm-misc ones are blocked waiting for attention. > > ...so things that could be done to help out: > > a) Could review patches that haven't landed in [4]. Maybe adding a > Reviewed-by tag would help wake up maintainers? > > b) Could see if you can identify panels that are exclusively used w/ > DRM drivers that have already been converted and then we could post > patches for just those panels. I have no idea how easy this task would > be. Is it enough to look at upstream dts files by "compatible" string? I think it is, yes. Maxime

1 week

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Shred Some Slopes: Getting the Hang of Snow Rider 3D

by careful.earthworm.usil＠hidingmail.com

Feeling the need for speed and a bit of winter fun, even when the weather outside is frightful? Then maybe it’s time to check out Snow Rider 3D. This simple but surprisingly addictive game offers a thrill of downhill skiing and snowboarding right from your browser, no downloads required. Let’s break down how to jump in and start enjoying this surprisingly engaging title. https://snowriderfree.com/ Gameplay: Simple Controls, Endless Possibilities The core gameplay of Snow Rider 3D is deceptively straightforward. You control your character's direction using the left and right arrow keys (or A and D). Your objective? Navigate through a series of procedurally generated slopes littered with obstacles. These obstacles range from simple ramps and rails to more challenging hazards like trees, snowdrifts, and even abandoned shacks. The beauty of Snow Rider 3D lies in its physics. While simple, they feel surprisingly realistic. You'll need to anticipate turns, adjust your speed, and time your jumps to successfully navigate the terrain. A crash will reset you to the beginning of the course, so precision and patience are key. The game offers different levels, each presenting a unique challenge. Some focus on speed and long jumps, while others demand skillful maneuvering through tight spaces. As you progress, you unlock new skins and sleds, adding a touch of customization to your experience. Think of it as a casual time-killer that can quickly turn into an hour-long obsession! Tips for Mastering the Mountain: Alright, so you're ready to hit the slopes. Here are a few tips to help you improve your runs and avoid those frustrating wipeouts: Practice Makes Perfect: Don't get discouraged by early crashes. The more you play, the better you'll understand the physics and learn to anticipate the terrain. Master the Turns: Smooth, controlled turns are essential for maintaining speed and avoiding obstacles. Practice feathering the arrow keys to make subtle adjustments. Timing is Everything: When approaching jumps and ramps, pay close attention to your speed and angle. A well-timed jump can make all the difference. Don't Be Afraid to Slow Down: Sometimes, the fastest route isn't the safest. Don't be afraid to ease off the gas and navigate tricky sections with caution. Consider looking up guides for specific levels of Snow Rider 3D at websites like Snow Rider 3D if you’re really struggling. Experiment with Sleds and Skins: Different sleds may offer slight variations in handling. Try out different options to find one that suits your playstyle. Conclusion: A Fun and Accessible Winter Escape Snow Rider 3D is a surprisingly addictive and accessible game that’s perfect for a quick dose of winter fun. It's simple controls and challenging gameplay make it easy to pick up and play, while its procedural generation ensures that each run is a unique experience. So, whether you're looking for a casual time-killer or a challenging skill-based game, Snow Rider 3D is definitely worth checking out.

1 week

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Unleash Your Inner Ninja: A Guide to Slicing Success in Slice Master

by relative.rooster.miqd＠hidingmail.com

Ready to unleash your inner fruit ninja without the mess? Then get ready to dive into the addictively simple, yet surprisingly challenging world of Slice Master. This game, readily available online, is perfect for a quick burst of fun or a more extended gaming session. It’s a testament to the fact that gameplay doesn't need to be complex to be engaging. https://slicemasterfree.com Gameplay: Simple Mechanics, Endless Fun The core concept of Slice Master is refreshingly straightforward. Colorful fruits are launched into the air, and your mission is to slice them into pieces before they fall off the screen. You control a virtual blade with your mouse or finger (depending on the platform), and drawing lines through the fruit initiates the slicing action. The catch? You have limited lives, and letting too many fruits fall untouched will result in a game over. Occasionally, you'll also encounter bombs mixed in with the fruit barrage. Accidentally slicing a bomb will end your run instantly, adding a layer of strategic thinking to the rapid-fire action. As you progress, the game throws different types of fruit at you, some requiring multiple slices, and the speed increases gradually, demanding faster reflexes and more precise movements. Special fruits might offer score multipliers or other benefits, adding further depth to the gameplay. It’s a game where practice truly makes perfect, and mastering the art of fruit slicing is incredibly satisfying. You can try it out now by clicking on Slice Master. Tips for Achieving Fruit-Slicing Mastery While the game seems simple on the surface, a few strategies can significantly improve your score and extend your gameplay. • Focus on Efficiency: Instead of frantically slashing at individual fruits, try to slice multiple fruits with a single, well-aimed swipe. This not only increases your score but also conserves your limited slicing time. • Prioritize High-Value Fruits: Keep an eye out for special fruits that offer bonus points or multipliers. Slicing these at the right moment can dramatically boost your score. • Be Mindful of Bombs: This one is crucial! Always be aware of the position of the bombs and avoid them at all costs. A moment of carelessness can instantly end your game. Try to train yourself to recognize them early and plan your slices accordingly. • Practice Makes Perfect: Like any skill-based game, practice is essential for improving your reflexes and accuracy. The more you play, the better you'll become at predicting fruit trajectories and executing precise slices. So, keep practicing and you'll be reaching new high scores in no time! In Conclusion: A Slice of Addictive Fun Slice Master offers a surprisingly addictive and engaging gaming experience, despite its simple premise. Its accessible gameplay, combined with the escalating challenge, makes it a perfect choice for a quick dose of entertainment or a more extended gaming session. Whether you're looking for a casual distraction or a skill-based challenge, Slice Master provides a satisfying and fun way to test your reflexes and accuracy. So, grab your virtual blade and prepare to unleash your inner fruit-slicing ninja!

1 week, 3 days

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PEDIR cocaína de alta calidad en línea

by divedtomson＠gmail.com

1 week, 4 days

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[PATCH] drm/amdgpu: fix recursive ww_mutex acquire in amdgpu_devcoredump_format

by Mikhail Gavrilov

When dumping IB contents from a hung job, amdgpu_devcoredump_format() acquires the VM root PD's reservation lock via amdgpu_vm_lock_by_pasid() and then, for each IB referenced by the job, calls amdgpu_bo_reserve() on the BO that backs the IB. Both reservations are taken on reservation_ww_class_mutex objects but neither uses a ww_acquire_ctx, which trips lockdep: WARNING: possible recursive locking detected -------------------------------------------- kworker/u128:0 is trying to acquire lock: ffff88838b16e1f0 (reservation_ww_class_mutex){+.+.}-{4:4}, at: amdgpu_devcoredump_format+0x1594/0x23f0 [amdgpu] but task is already holding lock: ffff8882f82681f0 (reservation_ww_class_mutex){+.+.}-{4:4}, at: amdgpu_devcoredump_format+0x1594/0x23f0 [amdgpu] Possible unsafe locking scenario: CPU0 ---- lock(reservation_ww_class_mutex); lock(reservation_ww_class_mutex); *** DEADLOCK *** May be due to missing lock nesting notation Workqueue: events_unbound amdgpu_devcoredump_deferred_work [amdgpu] Call Trace: __ww_mutex_lock.constprop.0 ww_mutex_lock amdgpu_bo_reserve amdgpu_devcoredump_format+0x1594 [amdgpu] amdgpu_devcoredump_deferred_work+0xea [amdgpu] process_one_work worker_thread kthread The two reservations are on different BOs in the captured trace, so the splat is a lockdep-correctness warning, not an observed deadlock. It becomes a real self-deadlock whenever the IB BO shares its dma_resv with the root PD (the always-valid case, see amdgpu_vm_is_bo_always_valid()): amdgpu_bo_reserve(abo) re-acquires the same ww_mutex without a ticket and blocks forever. With amdgpu.gpu_recovery=0 the timeout handler refires every ~2 s and each invocation produces this splat, drowning the kernel ring buffer. Fix it by collecting the per-IB BO references under the root PD's reservation, then releasing the root before reserving each IB BO individually. The walk over the VM mapping tree must remain under the root lock (mappings can be torn down without it), but the actual content copies do not need to nest inside it. Each per-IB reservation is now an independent top-level acquire, eliminating the nested ww_mutex. The collect/release logic is factored out into two small helpers (amdgpu_devcoredump_collect_ib_refs / amdgpu_devcoredump_release_ib_refs) to keep the main function's indentation reasonable. This also fixes a BO refcount leak in the original code: when amdgpu_bo_reserve() failed, control jumped to free_ib_content without running amdgpu_bo_unref(). In the new structure the per-IB BO refs are released unconditionally in the cleanup helper. Reproducer (~150 LoC libdrm_amdgpu): submit a single GFX IB containing PACKET3_INDIRECT_BUFFER chained at GPU VA 0 and wait for the fence. The TDR fires within ~10 s and the deferred coredump worker produces the splat above on every invocation. Fixes: 7b15fc2d1f1a ("drm/amdgpu: dump job ibs in the devcoredump") Cc: stable(a)vger.kernel.org # 7.1 Signed-off-by: Mikhail Gavrilov <mikhail.v.gavrilov(a)gmail.com> --- .../gpu/drm/amd/amdgpu/amdgpu_dev_coredump.c | 147 +++++++++++++----- 1 file changed, 110 insertions(+), 37 deletions(-) diff --git a/drivers/gpu/drm/amd/amdgpu/amdgpu_dev_coredump.c b/drivers/gpu/drm/amd/amdgpu/amdgpu_dev_coredump.c index d386bc775d03..f6bb968de756 100644 --- a/drivers/gpu/drm/amd/amdgpu/amdgpu_dev_coredump.c +++ b/drivers/gpu/drm/amd/amdgpu/amdgpu_dev_coredump.c @@ -207,6 +207,72 @@ static void amdgpu_devcoredump_fw_info(struct amdgpu_device *adev, } } +struct amdgpu_devcoredump_ib_ref { + struct amdgpu_bo *bo; + u64 offset; +}; + +/* + * Walk the VM's mapping tree under the root PD's reservation to obtain the BO + * that backs each IB and pin it with a refcount. The root PD reservation is + * dropped before this function returns; the caller can then reserve each IB + * BO individually without nesting ww_mutex acquires on + * reservation_ww_class_mutex. + * + * Returns an array of num_ibs entries (each ib_refs[i].bo may be NULL if its + * mapping was not found), or NULL on allocation failure / VM lookup failure. + * The caller must release the BO refs and free the array. + */ +static struct amdgpu_devcoredump_ib_ref * +amdgpu_devcoredump_collect_ib_refs(struct amdgpu_device *adev, + struct amdgpu_coredump_info *coredump) +{ + struct amdgpu_devcoredump_ib_ref *ib_refs; + struct amdgpu_bo_va_mapping *mapping; + struct amdgpu_bo *root; + struct amdgpu_vm *vm; + u64 va_start; + + ib_refs = kcalloc(coredump->num_ibs, sizeof(*ib_refs), GFP_KERNEL); + if (!ib_refs) + return NULL; + + vm = amdgpu_vm_lock_by_pasid(adev, &root, coredump->pasid); + if (!vm) { + kfree(ib_refs); + return NULL; + } + + for (int i = 0; i < coredump->num_ibs; i++) { + va_start = coredump->ibs[i].gpu_addr & AMDGPU_GMC_HOLE_MASK; + mapping = amdgpu_vm_bo_lookup_mapping(vm, va_start / AMDGPU_GPU_PAGE_SIZE); + if (!mapping) + continue; + + ib_refs[i].bo = amdgpu_bo_ref(mapping->bo_va->base.bo); + ib_refs[i].offset = va_start - + mapping->start * AMDGPU_GPU_PAGE_SIZE; + } + + amdgpu_bo_unreserve(root); + amdgpu_bo_unref(&root); + + return ib_refs; +} + +static void +amdgpu_devcoredump_release_ib_refs(struct amdgpu_devcoredump_ib_ref *ib_refs, + int num_ibs) +{ + if (!ib_refs) + return; + + for (int i = 0; i < num_ibs; i++) + if (ib_refs[i].bo) + amdgpu_bo_unref(&ib_refs[i].bo); + kfree(ib_refs); +} + static ssize_t amdgpu_devcoredump_format(char *buffer, size_t count, struct amdgpu_coredump_info *coredump) { @@ -214,13 +280,11 @@ amdgpu_devcoredump_format(char *buffer, size_t count, struct amdgpu_coredump_inf struct drm_printer p; struct drm_print_iterator iter; struct amdgpu_vm_fault_info *fault_info; - struct amdgpu_bo_va_mapping *mapping; struct amdgpu_ip_block *ip_block; struct amdgpu_res_cursor cursor; - struct amdgpu_bo *abo, *root; - uint64_t va_start, offset; + struct amdgpu_bo *abo; + uint64_t offset; struct amdgpu_ring *ring; - struct amdgpu_vm *vm; u32 *ib_content; uint8_t *kptr; int ver, i, j, r; @@ -343,43 +407,52 @@ amdgpu_devcoredump_format(char *buffer, size_t count, struct amdgpu_coredump_inf drm_printf(&p, "VRAM is lost due to GPU reset!\n"); if (coredump->num_ibs) { - /* Don't try to lookup the VM or map the BOs when calculating the - * size required to store the devcoredump. + struct amdgpu_devcoredump_ib_ref *ib_refs = NULL; + + /* + * Snapshot per-IB BO references under the root PD's reservation, + * then release the root before reserving each IB BO individually + * to copy its contents. + * + * Reserving an IB BO while the root PD is still reserved would + * be a nested ww_mutex acquire on reservation_ww_class_mutex + * without a ww_acquire_ctx, which trips lockdep's recursive- + * locking check and self-deadlocks for IB BOs that share their + * dma_resv with the root PD (always-valid BOs). + * + * Skip lookup/reservation entirely on the sizing pass: it does + * not write IB content, and the size estimate doesn't depend on + * whether the BOs are reachable. */ - if (sizing_pass) - vm = NULL; - else - vm = amdgpu_vm_lock_by_pasid(adev, &root, coredump->pasid); + if (!sizing_pass) + ib_refs = amdgpu_devcoredump_collect_ib_refs(adev, coredump); - for (int i = 0; i < coredump->num_ibs && (sizing_pass || vm); i++) { + for (int i = 0; i < coredump->num_ibs; i++) { ib_content = kvmalloc_array(coredump->ibs[i].ib_size_dw, 4, GFP_KERNEL); if (!ib_content) continue; - /* vm=NULL can only happen when 'sizing_pass' is true. Skip to the - * drm_printf() calls (ib_content doesn't need to be initialized - * as its content won't be written anywhere). - */ - if (!vm) + if (sizing_pass) goto output_ib_content; - va_start = coredump->ibs[i].gpu_addr & AMDGPU_GMC_HOLE_MASK; - mapping = amdgpu_vm_bo_lookup_mapping(vm, va_start / AMDGPU_GPU_PAGE_SIZE); - if (!mapping) - goto free_ib_content; + if (!ib_refs || !ib_refs[i].bo) + goto output_ib_content; + + abo = ib_refs[i].bo; + offset = ib_refs[i].offset; - offset = va_start - (mapping->start * AMDGPU_GPU_PAGE_SIZE); - abo = amdgpu_bo_ref(mapping->bo_va->base.bo); r = amdgpu_bo_reserve(abo, false); if (r) - goto free_ib_content; + goto output_ib_content; if (abo->flags & AMDGPU_GEM_CREATE_NO_CPU_ACCESS) { off = 0; - if (abo->tbo.resource->mem_type != TTM_PL_VRAM) - goto unreserve_abo; + if (abo->tbo.resource->mem_type != TTM_PL_VRAM) { + amdgpu_bo_unreserve(abo); + goto output_ib_content; + } amdgpu_res_first(abo->tbo.resource, offset, coredump->ibs[i].ib_size_dw * 4, @@ -395,8 +468,10 @@ amdgpu_devcoredump_format(char *buffer, size_t count, struct amdgpu_coredump_inf r = ttm_bo_kmap(&abo->tbo, 0, PFN_UP(abo->tbo.base.size), &abo->kmap); - if (r) - goto unreserve_abo; + if (r) { + amdgpu_bo_unreserve(abo); + goto output_ib_content; + } kptr = amdgpu_bo_kptr(abo); kptr += offset; @@ -406,21 +481,19 @@ amdgpu_devcoredump_format(char *buffer, size_t count, struct amdgpu_coredump_inf amdgpu_bo_kunmap(abo); } + amdgpu_bo_unreserve(abo); + output_ib_content: drm_printf(&p, "\nIB #%d 0x%llx %d dw\n", i, coredump->ibs[i].gpu_addr, coredump->ibs[i].ib_size_dw); - for (int j = 0; j < coredump->ibs[i].ib_size_dw; j++) - drm_printf(&p, "0x%08x\n", ib_content[j]); -unreserve_abo: - if (vm) - amdgpu_bo_unreserve(abo); -free_ib_content: + if (!sizing_pass && ib_refs && ib_refs[i].bo) { + for (int j = 0; j < coredump->ibs[i].ib_size_dw; j++) + drm_printf(&p, "0x%08x\n", ib_content[j]); + } kvfree(ib_content); } - if (vm) { - amdgpu_bo_unreserve(root); - amdgpu_bo_unref(&root); - } + + amdgpu_devcoredump_release_ib_refs(ib_refs, coredump->num_ibs); } return count - iter.remain; -- 2.54.0

1 week, 6 days

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[PATCH v3 00/10] Add dmabuf read/write via io_uring

by Pavel Begunkov

The patch set allows to register a dmabuf to an io_uring instance for a specified file and use it with io_uring read / write requests. The infrastructure is not tied to io_uring and there could be more users in the future. A similar idea was attempted some years ago by Keith [1], from where I borrowed a good number of changes, and later was brough up by Tushar and Vishal from Intel. It's an opt-in feature for files, and they need to implement a new file operation to use it. Only NVMe block devices are supported in this series. The user API is built on top of io_uring's "registered buffers", where a dmabuf is registered in a special way, but after it can be used as any other "registered buffer" with IORING_OP_{READ,WRITE}_FIXED requests. It's created via a new file operation and the resulted map is then passed through the I/O stack in a new iterator type. There is some additional infrastructure to bind it all, which also counts requests using a dmabuf map and managing lifetimes, which is used to implement map invalidation. It was tested for GPU <-> NVMe transfers. Also, as it maintains a long-term dma mapping, it helps with the IOMMU cost. The numbers below are for udmabuf reads previously run by Anuj for different IOMMU modes: - STRICT: before = 570 KIOPS, after = 5.01 MIOPS - LAZY: before = 1.93 MIOPS, after = 5.01 MIOPS - PASSTHROUGH: before = 5.01 MIOPS, after = 5.01 MIOPS There are some liburing tests that can serve as an example: git: https://github.com/isilence/liburing.git rw-dmabuf-tests-v3 url: https://github.com/isilence/liburing/tree/rw-dmabuf-tests-v3 [1] https://lore.kernel.org/io-uring/20220805162444.3985535-1-kbusch@fb.com/ v3: - Rework io_uring registration - Move token/map infrastructure code out of blk-mq - Simplify callbacks: remove a separate blk-mq table, which was mostly just forwarding calls (to nvme). - Don't skip dma sync depending on request direction - Fix a couple of hangs - Rename s/dma/dmabuf/ - Other small changes v2: - Don't pass raw dma addresses, wrap it into a driver specific object - Split into two objects: token and map - Implement move_notify Pavel Begunkov (10): file: add callback for creating long-term dmabuf maps iov_iter: add iterator type for dmabuf maps block: move bvec init into __bio_clone block: introduce dma map backed bio type lib: add dmabuf token infrastructure block: forward create_dmabuf_token to drivers nvme-pci: implement dma_token backed requests io_uring/rsrc: introduce buf registration structure io_uring/rsrc: extend buffer update io_uring/rsrc: add dmabuf backed registered buffers block/bio.c | 28 +++- block/blk-merge.c | 14 ++ block/blk.h | 3 +- block/fops.c | 16 ++ drivers/nvme/host/pci.c | 282 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ include/linux/bio.h | 19 ++- include/linux/blk-mq.h | 9 + include/linux/blk_types.h | 8 +- include/linux/fs.h | 2 + include/linux/io_dmabuf_token.h | 92 +++++++++++ include/linux/io_uring_types.h | 5 + include/linux/uio.h | 11 ++ include/uapi/linux/io_uring.h | 31 +++- io_uring/io_uring.c | 3 +- io_uring/rsrc.c | 266 +++++++++++++++++++++++++----- io_uring/rsrc.h | 30 +++- io_uring/rw.c | 4 +- lib/Kconfig | 4 + lib/Makefile | 2 + lib/io_dmabuf_token.c | 272 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ lib/iov_iter.c | 29 +++- 21 files changed, 1071 insertions(+), 59 deletions(-) create mode 100644 include/linux/io_dmabuf_token.h create mode 100644 lib/io_dmabuf_token.c -- 2.53.0

2 weeks, 3 days

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[PATCH v5 0/2] dma-buf: heaps: system: add an option to allocate explicitly shared/decrypted memory

by Jiri Pirko

From: Jiri Pirko <jiri(a)nvidia.com> Confidential computing (CoCo) VMs/guests, such as AMD SEV and Intel TDX, run with private/encrypted memory which creates a challenge for devices that do not support DMA to it (no TDISP support). For kernel-only DMA operations, swiotlb bounce buffering provides a transparent solution by copying data through shared memory. However, the only way to get this memory into userspace is via the DMA API's dma_alloc_pages()/dma_mmap_pages() type interfaces which limits the use of the memory to a single DMA device, and is incompatible with pin_user_pages(). These limitations are particularly problematic for the RDMA subsystem which makes heavy use of pin_user_pages() and expects flexible memory usage between many different DMA devices. This patch series enables userspace to explicitly request shared (decrypted) memory allocations from new dma-buf system_cc_shared heap. Userspace can mmap this memory and pass the dma-buf fd to other existing importers such as RDMA or DRM devices to access the memory. The DMA API is improved to allow the dma heap exporter to DMA map the shared memory to each importing device. Based on dma-mapping-for-next e7442a68cd1ee797b585f045d348781e9c0dde0d Jiri Pirko (2): dma-mapping: introduce DMA_ATTR_CC_SHARED for shared memory dma-buf: heaps: system: add system_cc_shared heap for explicitly shared memory drivers/dma-buf/heaps/system_heap.c | 103 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++-- include/linux/dma-mapping.h | 10 +++ include/trace/events/dma.h | 3 +- kernel/dma/direct.h | 14 +++- kernel/dma/mapping.c | 13 +++- 5 files changed, 132 insertions(+), 11 deletions(-) -- 2.51.1

2 weeks, 6 days

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[PATCH v5 0/4] dma-buf: heaps: Turn heaps into modules

by Maxime Ripard

Hi, The recent introduction of heaps in the optee driver [1] made possible the creation of heaps as modules. It's generally a good idea if possible, including for the already existing system and CMA heaps. The system one is pretty trivial, the CMA is now easy too with the reworks we got in 7.1-r1. Let me know what you think, Maxime 1: https://lore.kernel.org/dri-devel/20250911135007.1275833-4-jens.wiklander@l… Signed-off-by: Maxime Ripard <mripard(a)kernel.org> --- Changes in v5: - Rebase on 7.1-rc1 - Add a patch to enable the heaps in arm64 defconfig - Link to v4: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20260331-dma-buf-heaps-as-modules-v4-0-e18fda5044… Changes in v4: - Fix compilation failure - Rework to take into account OF_RESERVED_MEM - Fix regression making the default CMA area disappear if not created through the DT - Added some documentation and comments - Link to v3: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20260303-dma-buf-heaps-as-modules-v3-0-24344812c7… Changes in v3: - Squashed cma_get_name and cma_alloc/release patches - Fixed typo in Export dev_get_cma_area commit title - Fixed compilation failure with DMA_CMA but not OF_RESERVED_MEM - Link to v2: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20260227-dma-buf-heaps-as-modules-v2-0-454aee7e06… Changes in v2: - Collect tags - Don't export dma_contiguous_default_area anymore, but export dev_get_cma_area instead - Mentioned that heap modules can't be removed - Link to v1: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20260225-dma-buf-heaps-as-modules-v1-0-2109225a09… --- Maxime Ripard (4): dma-buf: heaps: Export mem_accounting parameter dma-buf: heaps: cma: Turn the heap into a module dma-buf: heaps: system: Turn the heap into a module arm64: defconfig: Enable dma-buf heaps arch/arm64/configs/defconfig | 3 +++ drivers/dma-buf/dma-heap.c | 1 + drivers/dma-buf/heaps/Kconfig | 4 ++-- drivers/dma-buf/heaps/cma_heap.c | 3 +++ drivers/dma-buf/heaps/system_heap.c | 5 +++++ 5 files changed, 14 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-) --- base-commit: 5e9b7d093f3f77cb0af4409559e3d139babfb443 change-id: 20260225-dma-buf-heaps-as-modules-1034b3ec9f2a Best regards, -- Maxime Ripard <mripard(a)kernel.org>

3 weeks

3
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[PATCH 0/9] vfio/pci: Add mmap() for DMABUFs

by Matt Evans

Hi all, This series is based on previous RFCs/discussions: Tech topic: https://lore.kernel.org/linux-iommu/20250918214425.2677057-1-amastro@fb.com/ RFCv1: https://lore.kernel.org/all/20260226202211.929005-1-mattev@meta.com/ RFCv2: https://lore.kernel.org/kvm/20260312184613.3710705-1-mattev@meta.com/ The background/rationale is covered in more detail in the RFC cover letters. The TL;DR is: The goal is to enable userspace driver designs that use VFIO to export DMABUFs representing subsets of PCI device BARs, and "vend" those buffers from a primary process to other subordinate processes by fd. These processes then mmap() the buffers and their access to the device is isolated to the exported ranges. This is an improvement on sharing the VFIO device fd to subordinate processes, which would allow unfettered access . This is achieved by enabling mmap() of vfio-pci DMABUFs. Second, a new ioctl()-based revocation mechanism is added to allow the primary process to forcibly revoke access to previously-shared BAR spans, even if the subordinate processes haven't cleanly exited. (The related topic of safe delegation of iommufd control to the subordinate processes is not addressed here, and is follow-up work.) As well as isolation and revocation, another advantage to accessing a BAR through a VMA backed by a DMABUF is that it's straightforward to create the buffer with access attributes, such as write-combining. Notes on patches ================ Feedback from the RFCs requested that, instead of creating DMABUF-specific vm_ops and .fault paths, to go the whole way and migrate the existing VFIO PCI BAR mmap() to be backed by a DMABUF too, resulting in a common vm_ops and fault handler for mmap()s of both the VFIO device and explicitly-exported DMABUFs. This has been done for vfio-pci, but not sub-drivers (nvgrace-gpu's special-case mappings are unchanged). vfio/pci: Fix vfio_pci_dma_buf_cleanup() double-put A bug fix to a related are, whose context is a depdency for later patches. vfio/pci: Add a helper to look up PFNs for DMABUFs vfio/pci: Add a helper to create a DMABUF for a BAR-map VMA The first is for a DMABUF VMA fault handler to determine arbitrary-sized PFNs from ranges in DMABUF. Secondly, refactor DMABUF export for use by the existing export feature and a new helper that creates a DMABUF corresponding to a VFIO BAR mmap() request. vfio/pci: Convert BAR mmap() to use a DMABUF The vfio-pci core mmap() creates a DMABUF with the helper, and the vm_ops fault handler uses the other helper to resolve the fault. Because this depends on DMABUF structs/code, CONFIG_VFIO_PCI_CORE needs to depend on CONFIG_DMA_SHARED_BUFFER. The CONFIG_VFIO_PCI_DMABUF still conditionally enables the export support code. NOTE: The user mmap()s a device fd, but the resulting VMA's vm_file becomes that of the DMABUF which takes ownership of the device and puts it on release. This maintains the existing behaviour of a VMA keeping the VFIO device open. BAR zapping then happens via the existing vfio_pci_dma_buf_move() path, which now needs to unmap PTEs in the DMABUF's address_space. vfio/pci: Provide a user-facing name for BAR mappings There was a request for decent debug naming in /proc/<pid>/maps etc. comparable to the existing VFIO names: since the VMAs are DMABUFs, they have a "dmabuf:" prefix and can't be 100% identical to before. This is a user-visible change, but this patch at least now gives us extra info on the BDF & BAR being mapped. vfio/pci: Clean up BAR zap and revocation In general (see NOTE!) the vfio_pci_zap_bars() is now obsolete, since it unmaps PTEs in the VFIO device address_space which is now unused. This consolidates all calls (e.g. around reset) with the neighbouring vfio_pci_dma_buf_move()s into new functions, to revoke-zap/unrevoke. NOTE: the nvgrace-gpu driver continues to use its own private vm_ops, fault handler, etc. for its special memregions, and these DO still add PTEs to the VFIO device address_space. So, a temporary flag, vdev->bar_needs_zap, maintains the old behaviour for this use. At least this patch's consolidation makes it easy to remove the remaining zap when this need goes away. A FIXME is added: if nvgrace-gpu is converted to DMABUFs, remove the flag and final zap. vfio/pci: Support mmap() of a VFIO DMABUF Adds mmap() for a DMABUF fd exported from vfio-pci. It was a goal to keep the VFIO device fd lifetime behaviour unchanged with respect to the DMABUFs. An application can close all device fds, and this will revoke/clean up all DMABUFs; no mappings or other access can be performed now. When enabling mmap() of the DMABUFs, this means access through the VMA is also revoked. This complicates the fault handler because whilst the DMABUF exists, it has no guarantee that the corresponding VFIO device is still alive. Adds synchronisation ensuring the vdev is available before vdev->memory_lock is touched. (I decided against the alternative of preventing cleanup by holding the VFIO device open if any DMABUFs exist, because it's both a change of behaviour and less clean overall.) I've added a chonky comment in place, happy to clarify more if you have ideas. vfio/pci: Permanently revoke a DMABUF on request By weight, this is mostly a rename of revoked to an enum, status. There are now 3 states for a buffer, usable and revoked temporary/permanent. A new VFIO device ioctl is added, VFIO_DEVICE_PCI_DMABUF_REVOKE, which passes a DMABUF (exported from that device) and permanently revokes it. Thus a userspace driver can guarantee any downstream consumers of a shared fd are prevented from accessing a BAR range, and that range can be reused. The code doing revocation in vfio_pci_dma_buf_move() is moved, unchanged, to a common function for use by _move() and the new ioctl path. Q: I can't think of a good reason to temporarily revoke/unrevoke buffers from userspace, so didn't add a 'flags' field to the ioctl struct. Easy to add if people think it's worthwhile for future use. vfio/pci: Add mmap() attributes to DMABUF feature Reserves bits [31:28] in vfio_device_feature_dma_buf to allow a (CPU) mapping attribute to be specified for an exported set of ranges. The default is the current UC, and a new flag can specify CPU access as WC. Q: I've taken 4 bits; the intention is for this field to be a scalar not a bitmap (i.e. mutually-exclusive access properties). Perhaps 4 is a bit too many? Testing ======= (The [RFC ONLY] userspace test program, for QEMU edu-plus, has been dropped, but can be found in the GitHub branch below.) This code has been tested in mapping DMABUFs of single/multiple ranges, aliasing mmap()s, aliasing ranges across DMABUFs, vm_pgoff > 0, revocation, shutdown/cleanup scenarios, and hugepage mappings seem to work correctly. I've lightly tested WC mappings also (by observing resulting PTEs as having the correct attributes...). No regressions observed on the VFIO selftests, or on our internal vfio-pci applications. End === This is based on -next (next-20260414 but will merge earlier), as it depends on Leon's series "vfio: Wait for dma-buf invalidation to complete": https://lore.kernel.org/linux-iommu/20260205-nocturnal-poetic-chamois-f566a… These commits are on GitHub, along with "[RFC ONLY] selftests: vfio: Add standalone vfio_dmabuf_mmap_test": https://github.com/metamev/linux/compare/next-20260414...metamev:linux:dev/… Thanks for reading, Matt ================================================================================ Change log: v1: - Cleanup of the common DMABUF-aware VMA vm_ops fault handler and export code. - Fixed a lot of races, particularly faults racing with DMABUF cleanup (if the VFIO device fds close, for example). - Added nicer human-readable names for VFIO mmap() VMAs RFCv2: Respin based on the feedback/suggestions: https://lore.kernel.org/kvm/20260312184613.3710705-1-mattev@meta.com/ - Transform the existing VFIO BAR mmap path to also use DMABUFs behind the scenes, and then simply share that code for explicitly-mapped DMABUFs. Jason wanted to go that direction to enable iommufd VFIO type 1 emulation to pick up a DMABUF for an IO mapping. - Revoke buffers using a VFIO device fd ioctl RFCv1: https://lore.kernel.org/all/20260226202211.929005-1-mattev@meta.com/ Matt Evans (9): vfio/pci: Fix vfio_pci_dma_buf_cleanup() double-put vfio/pci: Add a helper to look up PFNs for DMABUFs vfio/pci: Add a helper to create a DMABUF for a BAR-map VMA vfio/pci: Convert BAR mmap() to use a DMABUF vfio/pci: Provide a user-facing name for BAR mappings vfio/pci: Clean up BAR zap and revocation vfio/pci: Support mmap() of a VFIO DMABUF vfio/pci: Permanently revoke a DMABUF on request vfio/pci: Add mmap() attributes to DMABUF feature drivers/vfio/pci/Kconfig | 3 +- drivers/vfio/pci/Makefile | 3 +- drivers/vfio/pci/nvgrace-gpu/main.c | 5 + drivers/vfio/pci/vfio_pci_config.c | 30 +- drivers/vfio/pci/vfio_pci_core.c | 224 ++++++++++--- drivers/vfio/pci/vfio_pci_dmabuf.c | 500 +++++++++++++++++++++++----- drivers/vfio/pci/vfio_pci_priv.h | 49 ++- include/linux/vfio_pci_core.h | 1 + include/uapi/linux/vfio.h | 42 ++- 9 files changed, 690 insertions(+), 167 deletions(-) -- 2.47.3

3 weeks, 2 days

4
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[PATCH v2] dma-fence: Clarify external lock use case in dma_fence_init() docs

by Maíra Canal

The kerneldoc comment on dma_fence_init() and dma_fence_init64() describe the legacy reason to pass an external lock as a need to prevent multiple fences "from signaling out of order". However, this wording is a bit misleading: a shared spinlock does not (and cannot) prevent the signaler from signaling out of order. Signaling order is the driver's responsibility regardless of whether the lock is shared or per-fence. What a shared lock actually provides is serialization of signaling and observation across fences in a given context, so that observers never see a later fence signaled while an earlier one is not. Reword both comments to describe this more accurately. Signed-off-by: Maíra Canal <mcanal(a)igalia.com> --- v1 -> v2: https://lore.kernel.org/dri-devel/20260411185756.1887119-4-mcanal@igalia.co… - Be more explicit about not allowing new users to use an external lock. - De-duplicate the explanation in dma_fence_init64() by pointing to the dma_fence_init() documentation. --- drivers/dma-buf/dma-fence.c | 13 +++++++------ 1 file changed, 7 insertions(+), 6 deletions(-) diff --git a/drivers/dma-buf/dma-fence.c b/drivers/dma-buf/dma-fence.c index 1c1eaecaf1b0..63b349ba9a34 100644 --- a/drivers/dma-buf/dma-fence.c +++ b/drivers/dma-buf/dma-fence.c @@ -1102,9 +1102,11 @@ __dma_fence_init(struct dma_fence *fence, const struct dma_fence_ops *ops, * context and seqno are used for easy comparison between fences, allowing * to check which fence is later by simply using dma_fence_later(). * - * It is strongly discouraged to provide an external lock because this couples - * lock and fence life time. This is only allowed for legacy use cases when - * multiple fences need to be prevented from signaling out of order. + * External locks are a relic from legacy use cases that needed a shared lock + * to serialize signaling and observation of fences within a context, so that + * observers never see a later fence signaled while an earlier one isn't. New + * users MUST NOT use external locks, as they force the issuer to outlive all + * fences that reference the lock. */ void dma_fence_init(struct dma_fence *fence, const struct dma_fence_ops *ops, @@ -1129,9 +1131,8 @@ EXPORT_SYMBOL(dma_fence_init); * Context and seqno are used for easy comparison between fences, allowing * to check which fence is later by simply using dma_fence_later(). * - * It is strongly discouraged to provide an external lock because this couples - * lock and fence life time. This is only allowed for legacy use cases when - * multiple fences need to be prevented from signaling out of order. + * New users MUST NOT use external locks. Check the documentation in + * dma_fence_init() to understand the motives behind the legacy use cases. */ void dma_fence_init64(struct dma_fence *fence, const struct dma_fence_ops *ops, -- 2.53.0

3 weeks, 3 days

3
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[PATCH 00/13] Add DMA support for LINFlexD UART driver

by Larisa Grigore

This patchset enhances the LINFlexD UART driver and its device tree bindings to support DMA transfers, configurable clock inputs, dynamic baudrate changes, and termios features. It also includes a series of fixes and improvements to ensure reliable operation across various modes and configurations. The changes added can be summarized as follows: 1. Fixes with respect to FIFO handling, locking, interrupt related registers and INITM mode transition. 2. Removal of the earlycon workaround, as proper FIFO handling and INITM transitions now ensure stable behavior. 3. Support for configurable stop bits and dynamic baudrate changes based on clock inputs and termios settings. 4. Optional DMA support for RX and TX paths, preventing character loss during high-throughput operations like copy-paste. Cyclic DMA is used for RX to avoid gaps between transactions. Larisa Grigore (8): serial: linflexuart: Clean SLEEP bit in LINCR1 after suspend serial: linflexuart: Check FIFO full before writing serial: linflexuart: Correctly clear UARTSR in buffer mode serial: linflexuart: Update RXEN/TXEN outside INITM mode serial: linflexuart: Ensure FIFO is empty when entering INITM serial: linflexuart: Revert earlycon workaround serial: linflexuart: Add support for configurable stop bits serial: linflexuart: Add DMA support Radu Pirea (5): serial: linflexuart: Fix locking in set_termios dt-bindings: serial: fsl-linflexuart: add clock input properties dt-bindings: serial: fsl-linflexuart: add dma properties serial: linflexuart: Add support for changing baudrate serial: linflexuart: Avoid stopping DMA during receive operations .../bindings/serial/fsl,s32-linflexuart.yaml | 31 + drivers/tty/serial/fsl_linflexuart.c | 972 +++++++++++++++--- 2 files changed, 846 insertions(+), 157 deletions(-) -- 2.47.0

3 weeks, 3 days

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[PATCH v2 00/10] dma-bug: heaps: Add Tegra VPR support

by Thierry Reding

From: Thierry Reding <treding(a)nvidia.com> Hi, This series adds support for the video protection region (VPR) used on Tegra SoC devices. It's a special region of memory that is protected from accesses by the CPU and used to store DRM protected content (both decrypted stream data as well as decoded video frames). Patches 1 and 2 add DT binding documentation for the VPR and add the VPR to the list of memory-region items for display and host1x. Patch 3 adds bitmap_allocate(), which is like bitmap_allocate_region() but works on sizes that are not a power of two. Patch 4 introduces new APIs needed by the Tegra VPR implementation that allow CMA areas to be dynamically created at runtime rather than using the fixed, system-wide list. This is used in this driver specifically because it can use an arbitrary number of these areas (though they are currently limited to 4). Patch 5 adds some infrastructure for DMA heap implementations to provide information through debugfs. The Tegra VPR implementation is added in patch 6. See its commit message for more details about the specifics of this implementation. Finally, patches 7-10 add the VPR placeholder node on Tegra234 and hook it up to the host1x and GPU nodes so that they can make use of this region. Changes in v2: - Tegra VPR implementation is now more optimized to reduce the number of (very slow) resize operations, and allows cross-chunk allocations - dynamic CMA areas are now trackd separately from static ones, but the global number of CMA pages accounts for all areas Thierry Thierry Reding (10): dt-bindings: reserved-memory: Document Tegra VPR dt-bindings: display: tegra: Document memory regions bitmap: Add bitmap_allocate() function mm/cma: Allow dynamically creating CMA areas dma-buf: heaps: Add debugfs support dma-buf: heaps: Add support for Tegra VPR arm64: tegra: Add VPR placeholder node on Tegra234 arm64: tegra: Add GPU node on Tegra234 arm64: tegra: Hook up VPR to host1x arm64: tegra: Hook up VPR to the GPU .../display/tegra/nvidia,tegra186-dc.yaml | 10 + .../display/tegra/nvidia,tegra20-dc.yaml | 10 +- .../display/tegra/nvidia,tegra20-host1x.yaml | 7 + .../nvidia,tegra-video-protection-region.yaml | 55 + arch/arm/mm/dma-mapping.c | 2 +- arch/arm64/boot/dts/nvidia/tegra234.dtsi | 60 + arch/s390/mm/init.c | 2 +- drivers/dma-buf/dma-heap.c | 56 + drivers/dma-buf/heaps/Kconfig | 7 + drivers/dma-buf/heaps/Makefile | 1 + drivers/dma-buf/heaps/cma_heap.c | 2 +- drivers/dma-buf/heaps/tegra-vpr.c | 1265 +++++++++++++++++ include/linux/bitmap.h | 25 +- include/linux/cma.h | 7 +- include/linux/dma-heap.h | 2 + include/trace/events/tegra_vpr.h | 57 + mm/cma.c | 187 ++- mm/cma.h | 5 +- 18 files changed, 1713 insertions(+), 47 deletions(-) create mode 100644 Documentation/devicetree/bindings/reserved-memory/nvidia,tegra-video-protection-region.yaml create mode 100644 drivers/dma-buf/heaps/tegra-vpr.c create mode 100644 include/trace/events/tegra_vpr.h -- 2.52.0

1 month

5
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[PATCH v18 00/42] DEPT(DEPendency Tracker)

by Byungchul Park

I'm happy to see that DEPT reported real problems in practice: https://lore.kernel.org/lkml/6383cde5-cf4b-facf-6e07-1378a485657d@I-love.SA… https://lore.kernel.org/lkml/1674268856-31807-1-git-send-email-byungchul.pa… https://lore.kernel.org/all/b6e00e77-4a8c-4e05-ab79-266bf05fcc2d@igalia.com/ I’ve added documentation describing DEPT — this should help you understand what DEPT is and how it works. You can use DEPT simply by enabling CONFIG_DEPT and checking dmesg at runtime. --- Hi Linus and folks, I’ve been developing a tool to detect deadlock possibilities by tracking waits/events — rather than lock acquisition order — to cover all the synchronization mechanisms. To summarize the design rationale, starting from the problem statement, through analysis, to the solution: CURRENT STATUS -------------- Lockdep tracks lock acquisition order to identify deadlock conditions. Additionally, it tracks IRQ state changes — via {en,dis}able — to detect cases where locks are acquired unintentionally during interrupt handling. PROBLEM ------- Waits and their associated events that are never reachable can eventually lead to deadlocks. However, since Lockdep focuses solely on lock acquisition order, it has inherent limitations when handling waits and events. Moreover, by tracking only lock acquisition order, Lockdep cannot properly handle read locks or cross-event scenarios — such as wait_for_completion() and complete() — making it increasingly inadequate as a general-purpose deadlock detection tool. SOLUTION -------- Once again, waits and their associated events that are never reachable can eventually lead to deadlocks. The new solution, DEPT, focuses directly on waits and events. DEPT monitors waits and events, and reports them when any become unreachable. DEPT provides: * Correct handling of read locks. * Support for general waits and events. * Continuous operation, even after multiple reports. * Simple, intuitive annotation APIs. There are still false positives, and some are already being worked on for suppression. Especially splitting the folio class into several appropriate classes e.g. block device mapping class and regular file mapping class, is currently under active development by me and Yeoreum Yun. Anyway, these efforts will need to continue for a while, as we’ve seen with lockdep over two decades. DEPT is tagged as EXPERIMENTAL in Kconfig — meaning it’s not yet suitable for use as an automation tool. However, for those who are interested in using DEPT to analyze complex synchronization patterns and extract dependency insights, DEPT would be a great tool for the purpose. Thanks for your support and contributions to: Harry Yoo <harry.yoo(a)oracle.com> Gwan-gyeong Mun <gwan-gyeong.mun(a)intel.com> Yunseong Kim <ysk(a)kzalloc.com> Yeoreum Yun <yeoreum.yun(a)arm.com> FAQ --- Q. Is this the first attempt to solve this problem? A. No. The cross-release feature (commit b09be676e0ff2) attempted to address it — as a Lockdep extension. It was merged, but quickly reverted, because: While it uncovered valuable hidden issues, it also introduced false positives. Since these false positives mask further real problems with Lockdep — and developers strongly dislike them — the feature was rolled back. Q. Why wasn’t DEPT built as a Lockdep extension? A. Lockdep is the result of years of work by kernel developers — and is now very stable. But I chose to build DEPT separately, because: While reusing BFS(Breadth First Search) and Lockdep’s hashing is beneficial, the rest of the system must be rebuilt from scratch to align with DEPT’s wait-event model — since Lockdep was originally designed for tracking lock acquisition orders, not wait-event dependencies. Q. Do you plan to replace Lockdep entirely? A. Not at all — Lockdep still plays a vital role in validating correct lock usage. While its dependency-checking logic should eventually be superseded by DEPT, the rest of its functionality should stay. Q. Should we replace the dependency check immediately? A. Absolutely not. Lockdep’s stability is the result of years of hard work by kernel developers. Lockdep and DEPT should run side by side until DEPT matures. Q. Stronger detection often leads to more false positives — which was a major pain point when cross-release was added. Is DEPT designed to handle this? A. Yes. DEPT’s simple, generalized design enables flexible reporting — so while false positives still need fixing, they’re far less disruptive than they were under the Lockdep extension, cross-release. Q. Why not fix all false positives out-of-tree before merging? A. Since the affected subsystems span the entire kernel, like Lockdep, which has relied on annotations to avoid false positives over the last two decades, DEPT too will require the annotation efforts. Performing annotation work within the mainline will help us add annotations more appropriately and will also make DEPT a useful tool for a wider range of users more quickly. CONFIG_DEPT is marked EXPERIMENTAL, so it’s opt-in. Some users are already interested in using DEPT to analyze complex synchronization patterns and extract dependency insights. Byungchul --- Changes from v17: 1. Rebase on the mainline as of 2025 Dec 5. 2. Convert the documents' format from txt to rst. (feedbacked by Jonathan Corbet and Bagas Sanjaya) 3. Move the documents from 'Documentation/dependency' to 'Documentation/dev-tools'. (feedbakced by Jonathan Corbet) 4. Improve the documentation. (feedbacked by NeilBrown) 5. Use a common function, enter_from_user_mode(), instead of arch specific code, to notice context switch from user mode. (feedbacked by Dave Hansen, Mark Rutland, and Mark Brown) 6. Resolve the header dependency issue by using dept's internal header, instead of relocating 'struct llist_{head,node}' to another header. (feedbacked by Greg KH) 7. Improve page(or folio) usage type APIs. 8. Add rust helper for wait_for_completion(). (feedbacked by Guangbo Cui, Boqun Feng, and Danilo Krummrich) 9. Refine some commit messages. Changes from v16: 1. Rebase on v6.17. 2. Fix a false positive from rcu (by Yunseong Kim) 3. Introduce APIs to set page's usage, dept_set_page_usage() and dept_reset_page_usage() to avoid false positives. 4. Consider lock_page() as a potential wait unconditionally. 5. Consider folio_lock_killable() as a potential wait unconditionally. 6. Add support for tracking PG_writeback waits and events. 7. Fix two build errors due to the additional debug information added by dept. (by Yunseong Kim) Changes from v15: 1. Fix typo and improve comments and commit messages (feedbacked by ALOK TIWARI, Waiman Long, and kernel test robot). 2. Do not stop dept on detection of cicular dependency of recover event, allowing to keep reporting. 3. Add SK hynix to copyright. 4. Consider folio_lock() as a potential wait unconditionally. 5. Fix Kconfig dependency bug (feedbacked by kernel test rebot). 6. Do not suppress reports that involve classes even that have already involved in other reports, allowing to keep reporting. Changes from v14: 1. Rebase on the current latest, v6.15-rc6. 2. Refactor dept code. 3. With multi event sites for a single wait, even if an event forms a circular dependency, the event can be recovered by other event(or wake up) paths. Even though informing the circular dependency is worthy but it should be suppressed once informing it, if it doesn't lead an actual deadlock. So introduce APIs to annotate the relationship between event site and recover site, that are, event_site() and dept_recover_event(). 4. wait_for_completion() worked with dept map embedded in struct completion. However, it generates a few false positves since all the waits using the instance of struct completion, share the map and key. To avoid the false positves, make it not to share the map and key but each wait_for_completion() caller have its own key by default. Of course, external maps also can be used if needed. 5. Fix a bug about hardirq on/off tracing. 6. Implement basic unit test for dept. 7. Add more supports for dma fence synchronization. 8. Add emergency stop of dept e.g. on panic(). 9. Fix false positives by mmu_notifier_invalidate_*(). 10. Fix recursive call bug by DEPT_WARN_*() and DEPT_STOP(). 11. Fix trivial bugs in DEPT_WARN_*() and DEPT_STOP(). 12. Fix a bug that a spin lock, dept_pool_spin, is used in both contexts of irq disabled and enabled without irq disabled. 13. Suppress reports with classes, any of that already have been reported, even though they have different chains but being barely meaningful. 14. Print stacktrace of the wait that an event is now waking up, not only stacktrace of the event. 15. Make dept aware of lockdep_cmp_fn() that is used to avoid false positives in lockdep so that dept can also avoid them. 16. Do do_event() only if there are no ecxts have been delimited. 17. Fix a bug that was not synchronized for stage_m in struct dept_task, using a spin lock, dept_task()->stage_lock. 18. Fix a bug that dept didn't handle the case that multiple ttwus for a single waiter can be called at the same time e.i. a race issue. 19. Distinguish each kernel context from others, not only by system call but also by user oriented fault so that dept can work with more accuracy information about kernel context. That helps to avoid a few false positives. 20. Limit dept's working to x86_64 and arm64. Changes from v13: 1. Rebase on the current latest version, v6.9-rc7. 2. Add 'dept' documentation describing dept APIs. Changes from v12: 1. Refine the whole document for dept. 2. Add 'Interpret dept report' section in the document, using a deadlock report obtained in practice. Hope this version of document helps guys understand dept better. https://lore.kernel.org/lkml/6383cde5-cf4b-facf-6e07-1378a485657d@I-love.SA… https://lore.kernel.org/lkml/1674268856-31807-1-git-send-email-byungchul.pa… Changes from v11: 1. Add 'dept' documentation describing the concept of dept. 2. Rewrite the commit messages of the following commits for using weaker lockdep annotation, for better description. fs/jbd2: Use a weaker annotation in journal handling cpu/hotplug: Use a weaker annotation in AP thread (feedbacked by Thomas Gleixner) Changes from v10: 1. Fix noinstr warning when building kernel source. 2. dept has been reporting some false positives due to the folio lock's unfairness. Reflect it and make dept work based on dept annotaions instead of just wait and wake up primitives. 3. Remove the support for PG_writeback while working on 2. I will add the support later if needed. 4. dept didn't print stacktrace for [S] if the participant of a deadlock is not lock mechanism but general wait and event. However, it made hard to interpret the report in that case. So add support to print stacktrace of the requestor who asked the event context to run - usually a waiter of the event does it just before going to wait state. 5. Give up tracking raw_local_irq_{disable,enable}() since it totally messed up dept's irq tracking. So make it work in the same way as lockdep does. I will consider it once any false positives by those are observed again. 6. Change the manual rwsem_acquire_read(->j_trans_commit_map) annotation in fs/jbd2/transaction.c to the try version so that it works as much as it exactly needs. 7. Remove unnecessary 'inline' keyword in dept.c and add '__maybe_unused' to a needed place. Changes from v9: 1. Fix a bug. SDT tracking didn't work well because of my big mistake that I should've used waiter's map to indentify its class but it had been working with waker's one. FYI, PG_locked and PG_writeback weren't affected. They still worked well. (reported by YoungJun) Changes from v8: 1. Fix build error by adding EXPORT_SYMBOL(PG_locked_map) and EXPORT_SYMBOL(PG_writeback_map) for kernel module build - appologize for that. (reported by kernel test robot) 2. Fix build error by removing header file's circular dependency that was caused by "atomic.h", "kernel.h" and "irqflags.h", which I introduced - appolgize for that. (reported by kernel test robot) Changes from v7: 1. Fix a bug that cannot track rwlock dependency properly, introduced in v7. (reported by Boqun and lockdep selftest) 2. Track wait/event of PG_{locked,writeback} more aggressively assuming that when a bit of PG_{locked,writeback} is cleared there might be waits on the bit. (reported by Linus, Hillf and syzbot) 3. Fix and clean bad style code e.i. unnecessarily introduced a randome pattern and so on. (pointed out by Linux) 4. Clean code for applying dept to wait_for_completion(). Changes from v6: 1. Tie to task scheduler code to track sleep and try_to_wake_up() assuming sleeps cause waits, try_to_wake_up()s would be the events that those are waiting for, of course with proper dept annotations, sdt_might_sleep_weak(), sdt_might_sleep_strong() and so on. For these cases, class is classified at sleep entrance rather than the synchronization initialization code. Which would extremely reduce false alarms. 2. Remove the dept associated instance in each page struct for tracking dependencies by PG_locked and PG_writeback thanks to the 1. work above. 3. Introduce CONFIG_dept_AGGRESIVE_TIMEOUT_WAIT to suppress reports that waits with timeout set are involved, for those who don't like verbose reporting. 4. Add a mechanism to refill the internal memory pools on running out so that dept could keep working as long as free memory is available in the system. 5. Re-enable tracking hashed-waitqueue wait. That's going to no longer generate false positives because class is classified at sleep entrance rather than the waitqueue initailization. 6. Refactor to make it easier to port onto each new version of the kernel. 7. Apply dept to dma fence. 8. Do trivial optimizaitions. Changes from v5: 1. Use just pr_warn_once() rather than WARN_ONCE() on the lack of internal resources because WARN_*() printing stacktrace is too much for informing the lack. (feedback from Ted, Hyeonggon) 2. Fix trivial bugs like missing initializing a struct before using it. 3. Assign a different class per task when handling onstack variables for waitqueue or the like. Which makes dept distinguish between onstack variables of different tasks so as to prevent false positives. (reported by Hyeonggon) 4. Make dept aware of even raw_local_irq_*() to prevent false positives. (reported by Hyeonggon) 5. Don't consider dependencies between the events that might be triggered within __schedule() and the waits that requires __schedule(), real ones. (reported by Hyeonggon) 6. Unstage the staged wait that has prepare_to_wait_event()'ed *and* yet to get to __schedule(), if we encounter __schedule() in-between for another sleep, which is possible if e.g. a mutex_lock() exists in 'condition' of ___wait_event(). 7. Turn on CONFIG_PROVE_LOCKING when CONFIG_DEPT is on, to rely on the hardirq and softirq entrance tracing to make dept more portable for now. Changes from v4: 1. Fix some bugs that produce false alarms. 2. Distinguish each syscall context from another *for arm64*. 3. Make it not warn it but just print it in case dept ring buffer gets exhausted. (feedback from Hyeonggon) 4. Explicitely describe "EXPERIMENTAL" and "dept might produce false positive reports" in Kconfig. (feedback from Ted) Changes from v3: 1. dept shouldn't create dependencies between different depths of a class that were indicated by *_lock_nested(). dept normally doesn't but it does once another lock class comes in. So fixed it. (feedback from Hyeonggon) 2. dept considered a wait as a real wait once getting to __schedule() even if it has been set to TASK_RUNNING by wake up sources in advance. Fixed it so that dept doesn't consider the case as a real wait. (feedback from Jan Kara) 3. Stop tracking dependencies with a map once the event associated with the map has been handled. dept will start to work with the map again, on the next sleep. Changes from v2: 1. Disable dept on bit_wait_table[] in sched/wait_bit.c reporting a lot of false positives, which is my fault. Wait/event for bit_wait_table[] should've been tagged in a higher layer for better work, which is a future work. (feedback from Jan Kara) 2. Disable dept on crypto_larval's completion to prevent a false positive. Changes from v1: 1. Fix coding style and typo. (feedback from Steven) 2. Distinguish each work context from another in workqueue. 3. Skip checking lock acquisition with nest_lock, which is about correct lock usage that should be checked by lockdep. Changes from RFC(v0): 1. Prevent adding a wait tag at prepare_to_wait() but __schedule(). (feedback from Linus and Matthew) 2. Use try version at lockdep_acquire_cpus_lock() annotation. 3. Distinguish each syscall context from another. Byungchul Park (41): dept: implement DEPT(DEPendency Tracker) dept: add single event dependency tracker APIs dept: add lock dependency tracker APIs dept: tie to lockdep and IRQ tracing dept: add proc knobs to show stats and dependency graph dept: distinguish each kernel context from another dept: distinguish each work from another dept: add a mechanism to refill the internal memory pools on running out dept: record the latest one out of consecutive waits of the same class dept: apply sdt_might_sleep_{start,end}() to wait_for_completion()/complete() dept: apply sdt_might_sleep_{start,end}() to swait dept: apply sdt_might_sleep_{start,end}() to waitqueue wait dept: apply sdt_might_sleep_{start,end}() to hashed-waitqueue wait dept: apply sdt_might_sleep_{start,end}() to dma fence dept: track timeout waits separately with a new Kconfig dept: apply timeout consideration to wait_for_completion()/complete() dept: apply timeout consideration to swait dept: apply timeout consideration to waitqueue wait dept: apply timeout consideration to hashed-waitqueue wait dept: apply timeout consideration to dma fence wait dept: make dept able to work with an external wgen dept: track PG_locked with dept dept: print staged wait's stacktrace on report locking/lockdep: prevent various lockdep assertions when lockdep_off()'ed dept: add documents for dept cpu/hotplug: use a weaker annotation in AP thread dept: assign dept map to mmu notifier invalidation synchronization dept: assign unique dept_key to each distinct dma fence caller dept: make dept aware of lockdep_set_lock_cmp_fn() annotation dept: make dept stop from working on debug_locks_off() dept: assign unique dept_key to each distinct wait_for_completion() caller completion, dept: introduce init_completion_dmap() API dept: introduce a new type of dependency tracking between multi event sites dept: add module support for struct dept_event_site and dept_event_site_dep dept: introduce event_site() to disable event tracking if it's recoverable dept: implement a basic unit test for dept dept: call dept_hardirqs_off() in local_irq_*() regardless of irq state dept: introduce APIs to set page usage and use subclasses_evt for the usage dept: track PG_writeback with dept SUNRPC: relocate struct rcu_head to the first field of struct rpc_xprt mm: percpu: increase PERCPU_DYNAMIC_SIZE_SHIFT on DEPT and large PAGE_SIZE Yunseong Kim (1): rcu/update: fix same dept key collision between various types of RCU Documentation/dev-tools/dept.rst | 778 ++++++ Documentation/dev-tools/dept_api.rst | 125 + drivers/dma-buf/dma-fence.c | 23 +- include/asm-generic/vmlinux.lds.h | 13 +- include/linux/completion.h | 124 +- include/linux/dept.h | 402 +++ include/linux/dept_ldt.h | 78 + include/linux/dept_sdt.h | 68 + include/linux/dept_unit_test.h | 67 + include/linux/dma-fence.h | 74 +- include/linux/hardirq.h | 3 + include/linux/irq-entry-common.h | 4 + include/linux/irqflags.h | 21 +- include/linux/local_lock_internal.h | 1 + include/linux/lockdep.h | 105 +- include/linux/lockdep_types.h | 3 + include/linux/mm_types.h | 4 + include/linux/mmu_notifier.h | 26 + include/linux/module.h | 5 + include/linux/mutex.h | 1 + include/linux/page-flags.h | 217 +- include/linux/pagemap.h | 37 +- include/linux/percpu-rwsem.h | 2 +- include/linux/percpu.h | 4 + include/linux/rcupdate_wait.h | 13 +- include/linux/rtmutex.h | 1 + include/linux/rwlock_types.h | 1 + include/linux/rwsem.h | 1 + include/linux/sched.h | 118 + include/linux/seqlock.h | 2 +- include/linux/spinlock_types_raw.h | 3 + include/linux/srcu.h | 2 +- include/linux/sunrpc/xprt.h | 9 +- include/linux/swait.h | 3 + include/linux/wait.h | 3 + include/linux/wait_bit.h | 3 + init/init_task.c | 2 + init/main.c | 2 + kernel/Makefile | 1 + kernel/cpu.c | 2 +- kernel/dependency/Makefile | 5 + kernel/dependency/dept.c | 3499 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++ kernel/dependency/dept_hash.h | 10 + kernel/dependency/dept_internal.h | 314 +++ kernel/dependency/dept_object.h | 13 + kernel/dependency/dept_proc.c | 94 + kernel/dependency/dept_unit_test.c | 173 ++ kernel/exit.c | 1 + kernel/fork.c | 2 + kernel/locking/lockdep.c | 33 + kernel/module/main.c | 19 + kernel/rcu/rcu.h | 1 + kernel/rcu/update.c | 5 +- kernel/sched/completion.c | 62 +- kernel/sched/core.c | 9 + kernel/workqueue.c | 3 + lib/Kconfig.debug | 48 + lib/debug_locks.c | 2 + lib/locking-selftest.c | 2 + mm/filemap.c | 38 + mm/mm_init.c | 3 + mm/mmu_notifier.c | 31 +- rust/helpers/completion.c | 5 + 63 files changed, 6602 insertions(+), 121 deletions(-) create mode 100644 Documentation/dev-tools/dept.rst create mode 100644 Documentation/dev-tools/dept_api.rst create mode 100644 include/linux/dept.h create mode 100644 include/linux/dept_ldt.h create mode 100644 include/linux/dept_sdt.h create mode 100644 include/linux/dept_unit_test.h create mode 100644 kernel/dependency/Makefile create mode 100644 kernel/dependency/dept.c create mode 100644 kernel/dependency/dept_hash.h create mode 100644 kernel/dependency/dept_internal.h create mode 100644 kernel/dependency/dept_object.h create mode 100644 kernel/dependency/dept_proc.c create mode 100644 kernel/dependency/dept_unit_test.c base-commit: 43dfc13ca972988e620a6edb72956981b75ab6b0 -- 2.17.1

1 month

7
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[PATCH] dma-buf: system_heap: Optimize sg_table-to-pages conversion in vmap

by Barry Song (Xiaomi)

From: Xueyuan Chen <Xueyuan.chen21(a)gmail.com> Replace the heavy for_each_sgtable_page() iterator in system_heap_do_vmap() with a more efficient nested loop approach. Instead of iterating page by page, we now iterate through the scatterlist entries via for_each_sgtable_sg(). Because pages within a single sg entry are physically contiguous, we can populate the page array with a in an inner loop using simple pointer math. This save a lot of time. The WARN_ON check is also pulled out of the loop to save branch instructions. Performance results mapping a 2GB buffer on Radxa O6: - Before: ~1440000 ns - After: ~232000 ns (~84% reduction in iteration time, or ~6.2x faster) Cc: Sumit Semwal <sumit.semwal(a)linaro.org> Cc: Benjamin Gaignard <benjamin.gaignard(a)collabora.com> Cc: Brian Starkey <Brian.Starkey(a)arm.com> Cc: John Stultz <jstultz(a)google.com> Cc: T.J. Mercier <tjmercier(a)google.com> Cc: Christian König <christian.koenig(a)amd.com> Signed-off-by: Xueyuan Chen <Xueyuan.chen21(a)gmail.com> Signed-off-by: Barry Song (Xiaomi) <baohua(a)kernel.org> --- drivers/dma-buf/heaps/system_heap.c | 13 +++++++++---- 1 file changed, 9 insertions(+), 4 deletions(-) diff --git a/drivers/dma-buf/heaps/system_heap.c b/drivers/dma-buf/heaps/system_heap.c index b3650d8fd651..769f01f0cc96 100644 --- a/drivers/dma-buf/heaps/system_heap.c +++ b/drivers/dma-buf/heaps/system_heap.c @@ -224,16 +224,21 @@ static void *system_heap_do_vmap(struct system_heap_buffer *buffer) int npages = PAGE_ALIGN(buffer->len) / PAGE_SIZE; struct page **pages = vmalloc(sizeof(struct page *) * npages); struct page **tmp = pages; - struct sg_page_iter piter; void *vaddr; + u32 i, j, count; + struct page *base_page; + struct scatterlist *sg; if (!pages) return ERR_PTR(-ENOMEM); - for_each_sgtable_page(table, &piter, 0) { - WARN_ON(tmp - pages >= npages); - *tmp++ = sg_page_iter_page(&piter); + for_each_sgtable_sg(table, sg, i) { + base_page = sg_page(sg); + count = sg->length >> PAGE_SHIFT; + for (j = 0; j < count; j++) + *tmp++ = base_page + j; } + WARN_ON(tmp - pages != npages); vaddr = vmap(pages, npages, VM_MAP, PAGE_KERNEL); vfree(pages); -- 2.39.3 (Apple Git-146)

1 month, 1 week

4
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[PATCH 1/2] dma-buf/dma_fence_array: remove unused functionality v3

by Christian König

Amdgpu was the only user of the signal on any feature and we dropped that use case recently, so we can remove that functionality. v2: update num_pending only after the fence is signaled v3: separate out simplifying dma_fence_array implementation Signed-off-by: Christian König <christian.koenig(a)amd.com> --- drivers/dma-buf/dma-fence-array.c | 13 ++++--------- drivers/dma-buf/dma-fence-unwrap.c | 3 +-- drivers/dma-buf/dma-resv.c | 3 +-- drivers/dma-buf/st-dma-fence-unwrap.c | 2 +- drivers/gpu/drm/i915/gem/i915_gem_execbuffer.c | 3 +-- drivers/gpu/drm/xe/xe_sync.c | 2 +- drivers/gpu/drm/xe/xe_vm.c | 4 ++-- include/linux/dma-fence-array.h | 6 ++---- 8 files changed, 13 insertions(+), 23 deletions(-) diff --git a/drivers/dma-buf/dma-fence-array.c b/drivers/dma-buf/dma-fence-array.c index 089f69469524..5e10e8df372f 100644 --- a/drivers/dma-buf/dma-fence-array.c +++ b/drivers/dma-buf/dma-fence-array.c @@ -190,15 +190,13 @@ EXPORT_SYMBOL(dma_fence_array_alloc); * @fences: [in] array containing the fences * @context: [in] fence context to use * @seqno: [in] sequence number to use - * @signal_on_any: [in] signal on any fence in the array * * Implementation of @dma_fence_array_create without allocation. Useful to init * a preallocated dma fence array in the path of reclaim or dma fence signaling. */ void dma_fence_array_init(struct dma_fence_array *array, int num_fences, struct dma_fence **fences, - u64 context, unsigned seqno, - bool signal_on_any) + u64 context, unsigned seqno) { static struct lock_class_key dma_fence_array_lock_key; @@ -222,7 +220,7 @@ void dma_fence_array_init(struct dma_fence_array *array, */ lockdep_set_class(&array->base.inline_lock, &dma_fence_array_lock_key); - atomic_set(&array->num_pending, signal_on_any ? 1 : num_fences); + atomic_set(&array->num_pending, num_fences); array->fences = fences; array->base.error = PENDING_ERROR; @@ -249,7 +247,6 @@ EXPORT_SYMBOL(dma_fence_array_init); * @fences: [in] array containing the fences * @context: [in] fence context to use * @seqno: [in] sequence number to use - * @signal_on_any: [in] signal on any fence in the array * * Allocate a dma_fence_array object and initialize the base fence with * dma_fence_init(). @@ -264,8 +261,7 @@ EXPORT_SYMBOL(dma_fence_array_init); */ struct dma_fence_array *dma_fence_array_create(int num_fences, struct dma_fence **fences, - u64 context, unsigned seqno, - bool signal_on_any) + u64 context, unsigned seqno) { struct dma_fence_array *array; @@ -273,8 +269,7 @@ struct dma_fence_array *dma_fence_array_create(int num_fences, if (!array) return NULL; - dma_fence_array_init(array, num_fences, fences, - context, seqno, signal_on_any); + dma_fence_array_init(array, num_fences, fences, context, seqno); return array; } diff --git a/drivers/dma-buf/dma-fence-unwrap.c b/drivers/dma-buf/dma-fence-unwrap.c index 07fe9bf45aea..53bb40e70b27 100644 --- a/drivers/dma-buf/dma-fence-unwrap.c +++ b/drivers/dma-buf/dma-fence-unwrap.c @@ -180,8 +180,7 @@ struct dma_fence *__dma_fence_unwrap_merge(unsigned int num_fences, if (count > 1) { result = dma_fence_array_create(count, array, - dma_fence_context_alloc(1), - 1, false); + dma_fence_context_alloc(1), 1); if (!result) { for (i = 0; i < count; i++) dma_fence_put(array[i]); diff --git a/drivers/dma-buf/dma-resv.c b/drivers/dma-buf/dma-resv.c index ce9e6c04897f..39a92d9f2413 100644 --- a/drivers/dma-buf/dma-resv.c +++ b/drivers/dma-buf/dma-resv.c @@ -648,8 +648,7 @@ int dma_resv_get_singleton(struct dma_resv *obj, enum dma_resv_usage usage, } array = dma_fence_array_create(count, fences, - dma_fence_context_alloc(1), - 1, false); + dma_fence_context_alloc(1), 1); if (!array) { while (count--) dma_fence_put(fences[count]); diff --git a/drivers/dma-buf/st-dma-fence-unwrap.c b/drivers/dma-buf/st-dma-fence-unwrap.c index 51c87869b7b8..4e7ee25372ba 100644 --- a/drivers/dma-buf/st-dma-fence-unwrap.c +++ b/drivers/dma-buf/st-dma-fence-unwrap.c @@ -64,7 +64,7 @@ static struct dma_fence *mock_array(unsigned int num_fences, ...) array = dma_fence_array_create(num_fences, fences, dma_fence_context_alloc(1), - 1, false); + 1); if (!array) goto error_free; return &array->base; diff --git a/drivers/gpu/drm/i915/gem/i915_gem_execbuffer.c b/drivers/gpu/drm/i915/gem/i915_gem_execbuffer.c index 942f4eed817f..4a1a9031f9db 100644 --- a/drivers/gpu/drm/i915/gem/i915_gem_execbuffer.c +++ b/drivers/gpu/drm/i915/gem/i915_gem_execbuffer.c @@ -3205,8 +3205,7 @@ eb_composite_fence_create(struct i915_execbuffer *eb, int out_fence_fd) fence_array = dma_fence_array_create(eb->num_batches, fences, eb->context->parallel.fence_context, - eb->context->parallel.seqno++, - false); + eb->context->parallel.seqno++); if (!fence_array) { kfree(fences); return ERR_PTR(-ENOMEM); diff --git a/drivers/gpu/drm/xe/xe_sync.c b/drivers/gpu/drm/xe/xe_sync.c index 24d6d9af20d6..37866768d64c 100644 --- a/drivers/gpu/drm/xe/xe_sync.c +++ b/drivers/gpu/drm/xe/xe_sync.c @@ -376,7 +376,7 @@ xe_sync_in_fence_get(struct xe_sync_entry *sync, int num_sync, xe_assert(vm->xe, current_fence == num_fence); cf = dma_fence_array_create(num_fence, fences, dma_fence_context_alloc(1), - 1, false); + 1); if (!cf) goto err_out; diff --git a/drivers/gpu/drm/xe/xe_vm.c b/drivers/gpu/drm/xe/xe_vm.c index 56e2db50bb36..8f472911469d 100644 --- a/drivers/gpu/drm/xe/xe_vm.c +++ b/drivers/gpu/drm/xe/xe_vm.c @@ -3370,7 +3370,7 @@ static struct dma_fence *ops_execute(struct xe_vm *vm, goto err_trace; } - cf = dma_fence_array_alloc(n_fence); + cf = dma_fence_array_alloc(); if (!cf) { fence = ERR_PTR(-ENOMEM); goto err_out; @@ -3414,7 +3414,7 @@ static struct dma_fence *ops_execute(struct xe_vm *vm, xe_assert(vm->xe, current_fence == n_fence); dma_fence_array_init(cf, n_fence, fences, dma_fence_context_alloc(1), - 1, false); + 1); fence = &cf->base; for_each_tile(tile, vm->xe, id) { diff --git a/include/linux/dma-fence-array.h b/include/linux/dma-fence-array.h index 370b3d2bba37..1b1d87579c38 100644 --- a/include/linux/dma-fence-array.h +++ b/include/linux/dma-fence-array.h @@ -81,13 +81,11 @@ to_dma_fence_array(struct dma_fence *fence) struct dma_fence_array *dma_fence_array_alloc(int num_fences); void dma_fence_array_init(struct dma_fence_array *array, int num_fences, struct dma_fence **fences, - u64 context, unsigned seqno, - bool signal_on_any); + u64 context, unsigned seqno); struct dma_fence_array *dma_fence_array_create(int num_fences, struct dma_fence **fences, - u64 context, unsigned seqno, - bool signal_on_any); + u64 context, unsigned seqno); bool dma_fence_match_context(struct dma_fence *fence, u64 context); -- 2.43.0

1 month, 1 week

3
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Re: [PATCH v11 08/11] tee: add Qualcomm TEE driver

by Dmitry Baryshkov

On Wed, Sep 10, 2025 at 08:41:21PM -0700, Amirreza Zarrabi wrote: > Introduce qcomtee_object, which represents an object in both QTEE and > the kernel. QTEE clients can invoke an instance of qcomtee_object to > access QTEE services. If this invocation produces a new object in QTEE, > an instance of qcomtee_object will be returned. > > Similarly, QTEE can request services from by issuing a callback > request, which invokes an instance of qcomtee_object. > > Implement initial support for exporting qcomtee_object to userspace > and QTEE, enabling the invocation of objects hosted in QTEE and userspace > through the TEE subsystem. > > Tested-by: Neil Armstrong <neil.armstrong(a)linaro.org> > Tested-by: Harshal Dev <quic_hdev(a)quicinc.com> > Acked-by: Sumit Garg <sumit.garg(a)oss.qualcomm.com> > Signed-off-by: Amirreza Zarrabi <amirreza.zarrabi(a)oss.qualcomm.com> > --- > MAINTAINERS | 6 + > drivers/tee/Kconfig | 1 + > drivers/tee/Makefile | 1 + > drivers/tee/qcomtee/Kconfig | 12 + > drivers/tee/qcomtee/Makefile | 7 + > drivers/tee/qcomtee/async.c | 182 +++++++ > drivers/tee/qcomtee/call.c | 813 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ > drivers/tee/qcomtee/core.c | 906 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ > drivers/tee/qcomtee/qcomtee.h | 143 ++++++ > drivers/tee/qcomtee/qcomtee_msg.h | 304 ++++++++++++ > drivers/tee/qcomtee/qcomtee_object.h | 316 ++++++++++++ > drivers/tee/qcomtee/shm.c | 153 ++++++ > drivers/tee/qcomtee/user_obj.c | 692 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++ > include/uapi/linux/tee.h | 1 + > 14 files changed, 3537 insertions(+) > > + > +static int > +qcomtee_object_invoke_ctx_invoke(struct qcomtee_object_invoke_ctx *oic, > + int *result, u64 *res_type) > +{ > + phys_addr_t out_msg_paddr; > + phys_addr_t in_msg_paddr; > + int ret; > + u64 res; > + > + tee_shm_get_pa(oic->out_shm, 0, &out_msg_paddr); > + tee_shm_get_pa(oic->in_shm, 0, &in_msg_paddr); > + if (!(oic->flags & QCOMTEE_OIC_FLAG_BUSY)) > + ret = qcom_scm_qtee_invoke_smc(in_msg_paddr, oic->in_msg.size, > + out_msg_paddr, oic->out_msg.size, > + &res, res_type); > + else > + ret = qcom_scm_qtee_callback_response(out_msg_paddr, > + oic->out_msg.size, > + &res, res_type); > + > + if (ret) > + pr_err("QTEE returned with %d.\n", ret); > + else > + *result = (int)res; After enablign QCOMTEE driver, I observe the following error during the bootup on RB3 Gen2: [ 4.720777] qcomtee: QTEE returned with -22. [ 4.725251] qcomtee: QTEE version 0.0.0 > + > + return ret; > +} > + -- With best wishes Dmitry

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[PATCH v2] dma-buf/udmabuf: skip redundant cpu sync to fix cacheline EEXIST warning

by Mikhail Gavrilov

When CONFIG_DMA_API_DEBUG_SG is enabled, importing a udmabuf into a DRM driver (e.g. amdgpu for video playback in GNOME Videos / Showtime) triggers a spurious warning: DMA-API: amdgpu 0000:03:00.0: cacheline tracking EEXIST, \ overlapping mappings aren't supported WARNING: kernel/dma/debug.c:619 at add_dma_entry+0x473/0x5f0 The call chain is: amdgpu_cs_ioctl -> amdgpu_ttm_backend_bind -> dma_buf_map_attachment -> [udmabuf] map_udmabuf -> get_sg_table -> dma_map_sgtable(dev, sg, direction, 0) // attrs=0 -> debug_dma_map_sg -> add_dma_entry -> EEXIST This happens because udmabuf builds a per-page scatter-gather list via sg_set_folio(). When begin_cpu_udmabuf() has already created an sg table mapped for the misc device, and an importer such as amdgpu maps the same pages for its own device via map_udmabuf(), the DMA debug infrastructure sees two active mappings whose physical addresses share cacheline boundaries and warns about the overlap. The DMA_ATTR_SKIP_CPU_SYNC flag suppresses this check in add_dma_entry() because it signals that no CPU cache maintenance is performed at map/unmap time, making the cacheline overlap harmless. All other major dma-buf exporters already pass this flag: - drm_gem_map_dma_buf() passes DMA_ATTR_SKIP_CPU_SYNC - amdgpu_dma_buf_map() passes DMA_ATTR_SKIP_CPU_SYNC The CPU sync at map/unmap time is also redundant for udmabuf: begin_cpu_udmabuf() and end_cpu_udmabuf() already perform explicit cache synchronization via dma_sync_sgtable_for_cpu/device() when CPU access is requested through the dma-buf interface. Pass DMA_ATTR_SKIP_CPU_SYNC to dma_map_sgtable() and dma_unmap_sgtable() in udmabuf to suppress the spurious warning and skip the redundant sync. Fixes: 284562e1f348 ("udmabuf: implement begin_cpu_access/end_cpu_access hooks") Cc: stable(a)vger.kernel.org Signed-off-by: Mikhail Gavrilov <mikhail.v.gavrilov(a)gmail.com> --- v1 -> v2: - Rebased on drm-tip to resolve conflict with folio conversion patches. No code change, same two-line fix. v1: https://lore.kernel.org/all/20260317053653.28888-1-mikhail.v.gavrilov@gmail… drivers/dma-buf/udmabuf.c | 4 ++-- 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-) diff --git a/drivers/dma-buf/udmabuf.c b/drivers/dma-buf/udmabuf.c index 94b26ea706a3..bced421c0d65 100644 --- a/drivers/dma-buf/udmabuf.c +++ b/drivers/dma-buf/udmabuf.c @@ -145,7 +145,7 @@ static struct sg_table *get_sg_table(struct device *dev, struct dma_buf *buf, if (ret < 0) goto err_alloc; - ret = dma_map_sgtable(dev, sg, direction, 0); + ret = dma_map_sgtable(dev, sg, direction, DMA_ATTR_SKIP_CPU_SYNC); if (ret < 0) goto err_map; return sg; @@ -160,7 +160,7 @@ static struct sg_table *get_sg_table(struct device *dev, struct dma_buf *buf, static void put_sg_table(struct device *dev, struct sg_table *sg, enum dma_data_direction direction) { - dma_unmap_sgtable(dev, sg, direction, 0); + dma_unmap_sgtable(dev, sg, direction, DMA_ATTR_SKIP_CPU_SYNC); sg_free_table(sg); kfree(sg); } -- 2.53.0

1 month, 1 week

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[PATCH v13 0/5] Rust bindings for gem shmem

by Lyude Paul

Most of this patch series has already been pushed upstream, this is just the second half of the patch series that has not been pushed yet + some additional changes which were required to implement changes requested by the mailing list. This patch series is originally from Asahi, previously posted by Daniel Almeida. The previous version of the patch series can be found here: https://patchwork.freedesktop.org/series/164580/ Branch with patches applied available here sure this builds: https://gitlab.freedesktop.org/lyudess/linux/-/commits/rust/gem-shmem This patch series applies on top of drm-rust-next Lyude Paul (5): rust: drm: gem: s/device::Device/Device/ for shmem.rs drm/gem/shmem: Introduce __drm_gem_shmem_free_sgt_locked() rust: drm: gem/shmem: Add DmaResvGuard helper rust: drm: gem: Introduce shmem::SGTable rust: drm: gem: Add vmap functions to shmem bindings drivers/gpu/drm/drm_gem_shmem_helper.c | 32 +- include/drm/drm_gem_shmem_helper.h | 1 + rust/kernel/drm/gem/shmem.rs | 602 ++++++++++++++++++++++++- 3 files changed, 614 insertions(+), 21 deletions(-) base-commit: d9a6809478f9815b6455a327aa001737ac7b2c09 -- 2.54.0

1 month, 1 week

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[PATCH RFC 0/3] media: videobuf2: opt-in dma_resv producer fences for V4L2 dmabuf exports

by Markus Fritsche

Hi, This series proposes a small opt-in API in videobuf2-core that lets V4L2 drivers populate a dma_resv exclusive write fence on the dmabufs they export to userspace, signalled when the buffer transitions to VB2_BUF_STATE_DONE. Two example drivers (hantro, rockchip-rga) opt in to demonstrate the call shape; the change is no-op for every other driver. Why --- Modern Wayland compositors and any other userspace consumers that import V4L2-produced dmabufs and want to do implicit synchronization the spec-clean way (poll(POLLIN) on the dmabuf fd, or DMA_BUF_IOCTL_EXPORT_SYNC_FILE for a sync_file) currently get either: 1. A stub fence from dma_buf_export_sync_file(), because the dmabuf's dma_resv has no fences populated. The kernel substitutes dma_fence_get_stub() which is permanently signalled. The compositor "successfully" waits on a fence that represents nothing real about the producer's state. 2. A poll(POLLIN) on the dmabuf fd that returns immediately for the same reason — dma_buf_poll_add_cb finds zero fences in the resv, triggers the wake callback inline, and reports POLLIN ready before the producer has actually said anything. Today this works as a happy accident on most paths because clients attach buffers after VIDIOC_DQBUF, which the userspace V4L2 contract guarantees only returns a buffer after the producer is done. So the implicit "the kernel's stub fence is fine because the buffer is already complete by the time anyone polls it" assumption has held. But: - It's a contract gap. The kernel claims to expose implicit sync; it does not, for V4L2 producers. - It paid latency for nothing. Every Wayland frame from a V4L2 producer pays a DMA_BUF_IOCTL_EXPORT_SYNC_FILE round-trip for a fence that's stub-signalled. On Mali-class hardware (RK3566 Wayland chrome video playback), this contributed to compositor stalls. Removing the wait at the compositor level is a workaround, not a fix. - It blocks downstream consumers from doing the right thing. A Wayland compositor that defensively waits on a sync_file gets a stub-fence pass-through with no actual gating; if the V4L2 driver ever has an out-of-band path that releases the buffer before finishing the write, there is no fence to gate on. What ---- Patch 1 adds: - struct dma_fence *release_fence to struct vb2_buffer - u64 dma_resv_fence_context + atomic64_t dma_resv_fence_seqno + spinlock_t dma_resv_fence_lock to struct vb2_queue - vb2_buffer_attach_release_fence(vb) — drivers call this from their buf_queue callback. Allocates a dma_fence on the queue's fence context, attaches it as DMA_RESV_USAGE_WRITE on each plane's dmabuf->resv. No-op for buffers without exported dmabufs. - vb2_buffer_done() extended to signal+put the fence if attached, so the producer's completion signal lands in the resv synchronously with the userspace DQBUF wakeup. Patches 2 and 3 add a single call to the helper from hantro_buf_queue and rga_buf_queue respectively. Both are demonstration drivers; other vb2 drivers can opt in incrementally with the same one-line change. Tested on --------- PineTab2 (RK3566 / Mali-G52 panfrost / mainline 6.19.10, this series backported), playing 1080p30 H.264 in chromium under KDE Plasma 6.6.4 Wayland. The test harness is the chromium-fourier patch series at https://github.com/marfrit/fourier — chromium plus a KWin patch that *previously bypassed* Transaction::watchDmaBuf because the kernel-side fence was stub-signalled. With this series applied, the bypass becomes unnecessary; KWin's fence wait completes correctly because the fence now signals when hantro completes the capture buffer write. End-to-end result before the kernel patch (chromium + Qt 6 patches + KWin watchDmaBuf bypass): 1080p30 H.264 plays through, ~81% combined chrome CPU, but the watchDmaBuf bypass weakens KWin's defenses against misbehaving clients. End-to-end result after the kernel patch (chromium + Qt 6 patches + plain unmodified KWin): 1080p30 H.264 plays through with the same CPU profile, KWin's watchDmaBuf wait completes within microseconds against the now-real producer fence, no defenses weakened. What's missing in this RFC -------------------------- - Other vb2-using drivers don't opt in. Each maintainer should look at their driver and decide. The hantro + rga patches show the shape; copying it to other drivers should be straightforward. - For drivers that have intermediate image-processor stages (e.g. CSI -> ISP -> user), the fence semantics across stage boundaries are out of scope here. This series only addresses the producer-to- userspace edge. - No selftest. videobuf2 doesn't have a great in-tree selftest harness for dmabuf flows; the validation is end-to-end at the userspace consumer level (KWin, in our case). Reviews especially welcome on: - The decision to make this opt-in per driver vs. automatic for all vb2-CAPTURE queues. Auto-on would force every driver to be audited; opt-in is incremental and safer but leaves the contract gap for drivers nobody touches. - Whether vb2_buffer_done is the right place to signal vs. an earlier hook (e.g. immediately after DMA-from-device finishes). For hantro the two are effectively the same; for drivers with asynchronous post-processing they may differ. - The choice of DMA_RESV_USAGE_WRITE — we are emitting the producer's write completion, so WRITE matches dma-buf documentation, but a sanity check is welcome. Cheers, Markus Markus Fritsche (3): media: videobuf2: add dma_resv release-fence helper media: hantro: attach dma_resv release fence at buf_queue media: rockchip-rga: attach dma_resv release fence at buf_queue .../media/common/videobuf2/videobuf2-core.c | 95 +++++++++++++++++++ drivers/media/platform/rockchip/rga/rga-buf.c | 10 ++ .../media/platform/verisilicon/hantro_v4l2.c | 12 +++ include/media/videobuf2-core.h | 29 ++++++ 4 files changed, 146 insertions(+) -- 2.47.3

1 month, 1 week

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Bake Your Way to Billions: A Look at the Addictive World of Store Management Games

by hot.meerkat.lloh＠hidingmail.net

Ever dreamed of running your own bustling enterprise, watching your profits soar, and building an empire from humble beginnings? If so, you've likely stumbled upon the fascinating and surprisingly addictive world of store management games. These titles offer a unique blend of strategy, incremental growth, and the satisfying feeling of seeing your hard work pay off. And when it comes to the purest, most delightful form of this genre, one game stands out: https://cookieclickers.io/ The Sweet Simplicity of Cookie Clicker: A Gateway to Management At its heart, Cookie Clicker is incredibly simple. You start with a single, humble cookie, and your goal is to click it to generate more cookies. These initial clicks are crucial, as they fund your first upgrades. Soon, you’ll be able to purchase "grandmas," who automatically bake cookies for you, freeing up your clicking finger. From there, the sky's the limit! You'll acquire farms, factories, mines, and even portals to other dimensions, all dedicated to the singular purpose of baking more and more cookies. What makes Cookie Clicker so captivating is its elegant progression system. Each new upgrade and building provides a tangible boost to your cookie production, creating a satisfying feedback loop. The numbers on your screen grow exponentially, transforming from humble dozens to mind-boggling septillions and beyond. It’s a masterclass in incremental design, making every new purchase feel impactful and exciting. Beyond the Click: Strategic Thinking and Exponential Growth While the initial appeal of Cookie Clicker might be the simple act of clicking, true mastery lies in strategic decision-making. As your cookie empire expands, you'll be faced with choices: Upgrade Prioritization: Should you invest in another Grandma, a new farm, or a powerful upgrade that boosts all your existing structures? Understanding the cost-benefit analysis of each option is key. Synergies: Many upgrades have synergistic effects, meaning they become more powerful when paired with specific buildings. Discovering these combinations is a delightful puzzle. Ascension and Prestige: Eventually, you’ll unlock the ability to “ascend,” resetting your game but granting you powerful "heavenly chips" that provide permanent bonuses. This meta-progression adds a whole new layer of long-term strategy, encouraging you to rethink your approach with each new playthrough. These elements elevate Cookie Clicker from a simple clicking game to a genuinely engaging management simulation. It teaches you about exponential growth, compound interest (in a fun, cookie-filled way!), and the satisfaction of building something from nothing. Tips for Aspiring Cookie Tycoons If you’re ready to dive into the sweet, sweet world of Cookie Clicker, here are a few friendly tips to get you started: Don't Be Afraid to Click! In the early game, your clicks are your most valuable resource. Keep that finger moving! Invest in Grandmas Early: They're your first step towards automation and a steady cookie income. Always Buy Upgrades: The small boosts they provide add up quickly and are often more cost-effective than new buildings in the short term. Look for Golden Cookies: These appear randomly and offer temporary, powerful buffs. Clicking them can drastically boost your production! Consider Ascending: While it seems daunting to reset your progress, the permanent bonuses you gain make future runs much faster and more efficient. The Endless Appeal of Automation Cookie Clicker, and store management games in general, tap into a fundamental human desire: the joy of creation and the satisfaction of watching systems work efficiently. There's a particular kind of quiet pleasure in setting up a well-oiled machine and observing its output multiply. So, if you're looking for a game that's easy to pick up, surprisingly deep, and immensely satisfying, give Cookie Clicker a try. You might just find yourself baking billions before you know it!

1 month, 2 weeks

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[PATCH v2] dma-buf: heaps: use max3() in dma_heap_ioctl

by Thorsten Blum

Replace two nested max() calls with a single max3() in dma_heap_ioctl(). Reviewed-by: T.J. Mercier <tjmercier(a)google.com> Signed-off-by: Thorsten Blum <thorsten.blum(a)linux.dev> --- Changes in v2: - Include minmax.h as suggested by T.J. Mercier - v1: https://lore.kernel.org/lkml/20260427172519.417333-3-thorsten.blum@linux.de… --- drivers/dma-buf/dma-heap.c | 3 ++- 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-) diff --git a/drivers/dma-buf/dma-heap.c b/drivers/dma-buf/dma-heap.c index ac5f8685a649..d49188893608 100644 --- a/drivers/dma-buf/dma-heap.c +++ b/drivers/dma-buf/dma-heap.c @@ -13,6 +13,7 @@ #include <linux/err.h> #include <linux/export.h> #include <linux/list.h> +#include <linux/minmax.h> #include <linux/nospec.h> #include <linux/syscalls.h> #include <linux/uaccess.h> @@ -153,7 +154,7 @@ static long dma_heap_ioctl(struct file *file, unsigned int ucmd, in_size = 0; if ((ucmd & kcmd & IOC_OUT) == 0) out_size = 0; - ksize = max(max(in_size, out_size), drv_size); + ksize = max3(in_size, out_size, drv_size); /* If necessary, allocate buffer for ioctl argument */ if (ksize > sizeof(stack_kdata)) {

1 month, 2 weeks

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[PATCH] dma-buf: heaps: use max3() in dma_heap_ioctl

by Thorsten Blum

Replace two nested max() calls with a single max3() in dma_heap_ioctl(). Signed-off-by: Thorsten Blum <thorsten.blum(a)linux.dev> --- drivers/dma-buf/dma-heap.c | 2 +- 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-) diff --git a/drivers/dma-buf/dma-heap.c b/drivers/dma-buf/dma-heap.c index ac5f8685a649..52eec2ebb2e8 100644 --- a/drivers/dma-buf/dma-heap.c +++ b/drivers/dma-buf/dma-heap.c @@ -153,7 +153,7 @@ static long dma_heap_ioctl(struct file *file, unsigned int ucmd, in_size = 0; if ((ucmd & kcmd & IOC_OUT) == 0) out_size = 0; - ksize = max(max(in_size, out_size), drv_size); + ksize = max3(in_size, out_size, drv_size); /* If necessary, allocate buffer for ioctl argument */ if (ksize > sizeof(stack_kdata)) {

1 month, 2 weeks

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1 month, 2 weeks

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[PATCH V13 0/7] Rust support for powerpc

by Mukesh Kumar Chaurasiya (IBM)

Enable experimental rust support for ppc64le and ppc32be. The patch for ppc32 has been provided by Link Mauve[1] and ppc64le support[2] has been merged over it. ppc32 needs some toolchain fixes mentioned in the patch `rust: Add PowerPC support` and the discussion for that is done here[1]. This has been tested on - powernv9 hardware - pseries P11 hardware - pseries(9, 10) qemu - powernv(9, 10) qemu - rustdoc on x86 and powerpc64le - rusttest on x86 and powerpc64le We are actively working with our LLVM team to get the target for ppc, ppc64 and ppc64le in the rust compiler. [1] https://lore.kernel.org/all/20260204030507.8203-1-linkmauve@linkmauve.fr [2] https://lore.kernel.org/all/20260204042417.83903-1-mkchauras@gmail.com Changelog: V12 -> V13: - Added a patch for fixing build issue on ppc32 by Link Mauve - Added another patch to fix a build issue in dma-buf - Added another patch to enforce minimum `rustc` version for powerpc V12: https://lore.kernel.org/all/20260421120958.190430-1-mkchauras@gmail.com/ V11 -> V12: - Rebased to mainline (rust/Makefile conflict resolved) V11: https://lore.kernel.org/all/20260417152253.2312961-1-mkchauras@gmail.com/ V10 -> V11: - Updated `rust/Makefile` - Not all libraries are move to `rust/host` directory now. Only proc_macro2, quote and syn are moved - Special handling for pin init is added. Details in commit - Removed mkdir for `rust/host`, this is now handled by toolchain. V10: https://lore.kernel.org/all/20260406200149.3727922-1-mkchauras@gmail.com/ V9 -> V10: - rust/Makefile updated with review comments from Miguel - Patch 1/4 updated with commit message and subject V9: https://lore.kernel.org/all/20260404121610.1956528-1-mkchauras@gmail.com/ V8 -> V9: - rust/Makefile updated with a directory instead of abspath V8: https://lore.kernel.org/all/20260403145308.1042622-1-mkchauras@gmail.com/ V7 -> V8: - rust/Makefile updated to separate host libraries from target V7: https://lore.kernel.org/all/20260329160254.2592207-1-mkchauras@gmail.com/ Changelog: V6 -> V7: - Documentation removed as powerpc is still under development - Added a fix for race condition in rust/Makefile V6: https://lore.kernel.org/all/20260210090023.2587534-1-mkchauras@gmail.com V5 -> V6: - Added a missing Tested by from Venkat which got missed since V3 - Support is marked as Maintained instead of experimental V5: https://lore.kernel.org/all/20260210053756.2088302-1-mkchauras@gmail.com V4 -> V5: - Removed a nested ifdef from PPC64 for Little endian toolchain V4: https://lore.kernel.org/all/20260209105456.1551677-1-mkchauras@gmail.com V3 -> V4: - Co-developed-by header added in patch 1 V3: https://lore.kernel.org/all/20260205180429.3280657-1-mkchauras@gmail.com V2 -> V3: - Splited HAVE_RUST in 2 lines - BINDGEN_TARGET_powerpc initialized before assigning the same to BINDGEN_TARGET V2: https://lore.kernel.org/all/20260204210125.613350-1-mkchauras@gmail.com V1 -> V2: - jump label fix for rust has been moved to a separate patch - PPC32 support has been taken - rust support has been marked experimental - target.json dependency has been removed - HAVE_RUST now depends on CPU_LITTLE_ENDIAN for PPC64 Link Mauve (2): rust: Make __udivdi3() and __umoddi3() panic rust: Add PowerPC support Mukesh Kumar Chaurasiya (IBM) (5): rust: Fix "multiple candidates for rmeta dependency core" error dma-resv: Fix undefined symbol when CONFIG_DMA_SHARED_BUFFER is disabled powerpc/jump_label: adjust inline asm to be consistent rust/powerpc: Set min rustc version for powerpc powerpc: Enable Rust for ppc64le arch/powerpc/Kconfig | 2 ++ arch/powerpc/Makefile | 7 ++++ arch/powerpc/include/asm/jump_label.h | 23 ++++++------ include/linux/dma-resv.h | 2 +- rust/Makefile | 52 +++++++++++++++++---------- rust/compiler_builtins.rs | 6 ++++ scripts/min-tool-version.sh | 6 +++- 7 files changed, 68 insertions(+), 30 deletions(-) -- 2.53.0

1 month, 2 weeks

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[PATCH v12 0/5] Rust bindings for gem shmem

by Lyude Paul

Most of this patch series has already been pushed upstream, this is just the second half of the patch series that has not been pushed yet + some additional changes which were required to implement changes requested by the mailing list. This patch series is originally from Asahi, previously posted by Daniel Almeida. The previous version of the patch series can be found here: https://patchwork.freedesktop.org/series/164580/ Branch with patches applied available here sure this builds: https://gitlab.freedesktop.org/lyudess/linux/-/commits/rust/gem-shmem This patch series applies on top of drm-rust-next Lyude Paul (5): rust: drm: gem: s/device::Device/Device/ for shmem.rs drm/gem/shmem: Introduce __drm_gem_shmem_free_sgt_locked() drm/gem/shmem: Export drm_gem_shmem_get_pages_sgt_locked() rust: drm: gem: Introduce shmem::SGTable rust: drm: gem: Add vmap functions to shmem bindings drivers/gpu/drm/drm_gem_shmem_helper.c | 48 ++- include/drm/drm_gem_shmem_helper.h | 2 + rust/kernel/drm/gem/shmem.rs | 557 ++++++++++++++++++++++++- 3 files changed, 593 insertions(+), 14 deletions(-) base-commit: a7a080bb4236ebe577b6776d940d1717912ff6dd -- 2.53.0

1 month, 2 weeks

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[PATCH RFC 00/26] Add DMA-buf mapping types and convert vfio/iommufd to use them

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Since its introduction, DMA-buf has only supported using scatterlist for the exporter and importer to exchange address information. This is not sufficient for all use cases as dma_addr_t is a very specific and limited type that should not be abused for things unrelated to the DMA API. There are several motivations for addressing this now: 1) VFIO to IOMMUFD and KVM requires a physical address, not a dma_addr_t scatterlist, it cannot be represented in the scatterlist structure 2) xe vGPU requires the host driver to accept a DMABUF from VFIO of its own VF and convert it into an internal VRAM address on the PF 3) We are starting to look at replacement datastructures for scatterlist 4) Ideas around UALink/etc are suggesting not using the DMA API None of these can sanely be achieved using scatterlist. Introduce a new mechanism called "mapping types" which allows DMA-buf to work with more map/unmap options than scatterlist. Each mapping type encompasses a full set of functions and data unique to itself. The core code provides a match-making system to select the best type offered by the exporter and importer to be the active mapping type for the attachment. Everything related to scatterlist is moved into a DMA-buf SGT mapping type, and into the "dma_buf_sgt_*" namespace for clarity. Existing exporters are moved over to explicitly declare SGT mapping types and importers are adjusted to use the dma_buf_sgt_* named importer helpers. Mapping types are designed to be extendable, a driver can declare its own mapping type for its internal private interconnect and use that without having to adjust the core code. The new attachment sequence starts with the importing driver declaring what mapping types it can accept: struct dma_buf_mapping_match imp_match[] = { DMA_BUF_IMAPPING_MY_DRIVER(dev, ...), DMA_BUF_IMAPPING_SGT(dev, false), }; attach = dma_buf_mapping_attach(dmabuf, imp_match, ...) Most drivers will do this via a dma_buf_sgt_*attach() helper. The exporting driver can then declare what mapping types it can supply: int exporter_match_mapping(struct dma_buf_match_args *args) { struct dma_buf_mapping_match exp_match[] = { DMA_BUF_EMAPPING_MY_DRIVER(my_ops, dev, ...), DMA_BUF_EMAPPING_SGT(sgt_ops, dev, false), DMA_BUF_EMAPPING_PAL(PAL_ops), }; return dma_buf_match_mapping(args, exp_match, ...); } Most drivers will do this via a helper: static const struct dma_buf_ops ops = { DMA_BUF_SIMPLE_SGT_EXP_MATCH(map_func, unmap_func) }; During dma_buf_mapping_attach() the core code will select a mutual match between the importer and exporter and record it as the active match in the attach->map_type. Each mapping type has its own types/function calls for mapping/unmapping, and storage in the attach->map_type for its information. As such each mapping type can offer function signatures and data that exactly matches its needs. This series goes through a sequence of: 1) Introduce the basic mapping type framework and the main components of the SGT mapping type 2) Automatically make all existing exporters and importers use core generated SGT mapping types so every attachment has a SGT mapping type 3) Convert all exporter drivers to natively create a SGT mapping type 4) Move all dma_buf_* functions and types that are related to SGT into dma_buf_sgt_* 5) Remove all the now-unused items that have been moved into SGT specific structures. 6) Demonstrate adding a new Physical Address List alongside SGT. Due to the high number of files touched I would expect this to be broken into phases, but this shows the entire picture. This is on github: https://github.com/jgunthorpe/linux/commits/dmabuf_map_type It is a followup to the discussion here: https://lore.kernel.org/dri-devel/20251027044712.1676175-1-vivek.kasireddy@… Jason Gunthorpe (26): dma-buf: Introduce DMA-buf mapping types dma-buf: Add the SGT DMA mapping type dma-buf: Add dma_buf_mapping_attach() dma-buf: Route SGT related actions through attach->map_type dma-buf: Allow single exporter drivers to avoid the match_mapping function drm: Check the SGT ops for drm_gem_map_dma_buf() dma-buf: Convert all the simple exporters to use SGT mapping type drm/vmwgfx: Use match_mapping instead of dummy calls accel/habanalabs: Use the SGT mapping type drm/xe/dma-buf: Use the SGT mapping type drm/amdgpu: Use the SGT mapping type vfio/pci: Change the DMA-buf exporter to use mapping_type dma-buf: Update dma_buf_phys_vec_to_sgt() to use the SGT mapping type iio: buffer: convert to use the SGT mapping type functionfs: convert to use the SGT mapping type dma-buf: Remove unused SGT stuff from the common structures treewide: Rename dma_buf_map_attachment(_unlocked) to dma_buf_sgt_ treewide: Rename dma_buf_unmap_attachment(_unlocked) to dma_buf_sgt_* treewide: Rename dma_buf_attach() to dma_buf_sgt_attach() treewide: Rename dma_buf_dynamic_attach() to dma_buf_sgt_dynamic_attach() dma-buf: Add the Physical Address List DMA mapping type vfio/pci: Add physical address list support to DMABUF iommufd: Use the PAL mapping type instead of a vfio function iommufd: Support DMA-bufs with multiple physical ranges iommufd/selftest: Check multi-phys DMA-buf scenarios dma-buf: Add kunit tests for mapping type Documentation/gpu/todo.rst | 2 +- drivers/accel/amdxdna/amdxdna_gem.c | 14 +- drivers/accel/amdxdna/amdxdna_ubuf.c | 10 +- drivers/accel/habanalabs/common/memory.c | 54 ++- drivers/accel/ivpu/ivpu_gem.c | 10 +- drivers/accel/ivpu/ivpu_gem_userptr.c | 11 +- drivers/accel/qaic/qaic_data.c | 8 +- drivers/dma-buf/Makefile | 1 + drivers/dma-buf/dma-buf-mapping.c | 186 ++++++++- drivers/dma-buf/dma-buf.c | 180 ++++++--- drivers/dma-buf/heaps/cma_heap.c | 12 +- drivers/dma-buf/heaps/system_heap.c | 13 +- drivers/dma-buf/st-dma-mapping.c | 373 ++++++++++++++++++ drivers/dma-buf/udmabuf.c | 8 +- drivers/gpu/drm/amd/amdgpu/amdgpu_dma_buf.c | 98 +++-- drivers/gpu/drm/amd/amdgpu/amdgpu_ttm.c | 6 +- drivers/gpu/drm/armada/armada_gem.c | 33 +- drivers/gpu/drm/drm_gem_shmem_helper.c | 2 +- drivers/gpu/drm/drm_prime.c | 31 +- drivers/gpu/drm/i915/gem/i915_gem_dmabuf.c | 18 +- drivers/gpu/drm/i915/gem/i915_gem_object.c | 2 +- .../drm/i915/gem/selftests/i915_gem_dmabuf.c | 8 +- .../gpu/drm/i915/gem/selftests/mock_dmabuf.c | 8 +- drivers/gpu/drm/msm/msm_gem_prime.c | 7 +- drivers/gpu/drm/omapdrm/omap_gem_dmabuf.c | 11 +- drivers/gpu/drm/tegra/gem.c | 33 +- drivers/gpu/drm/virtio/virtgpu_prime.c | 23 +- drivers/gpu/drm/vmwgfx/vmwgfx_prime.c | 32 +- drivers/gpu/drm/xe/xe_bo.c | 18 +- drivers/gpu/drm/xe/xe_dma_buf.c | 61 +-- drivers/iio/industrialio-buffer.c | 15 +- drivers/infiniband/core/umem_dmabuf.c | 15 +- drivers/iommu/iommufd/io_pagetable.h | 4 +- drivers/iommu/iommufd/iommufd_private.h | 8 - drivers/iommu/iommufd/iommufd_test.h | 7 + drivers/iommu/iommufd/pages.c | 85 ++-- drivers/iommu/iommufd/selftest.c | 177 ++++++--- .../media/common/videobuf2/videobuf2-core.c | 2 +- .../common/videobuf2/videobuf2-dma-contig.c | 26 +- .../media/common/videobuf2/videobuf2-dma-sg.c | 21 +- .../common/videobuf2/videobuf2-vmalloc.c | 13 +- .../platform/nvidia/tegra-vde/dmabuf-cache.c | 9 +- drivers/misc/fastrpc.c | 21 +- drivers/tee/tee_heap.c | 13 +- drivers/usb/gadget/function/f_fs.c | 11 +- drivers/vfio/pci/vfio_pci_dmabuf.c | 79 ++-- drivers/xen/gntdev-dmabuf.c | 29 +- include/linux/dma-buf-mapping.h | 297 ++++++++++++++ include/linux/dma-buf.h | 168 ++++---- io_uring/zcrx.c | 9 +- net/core/devmem.c | 14 +- samples/vfio-mdev/mbochs.c | 10 +- sound/soc/fsl/fsl_asrc_m2m.c | 12 +- tools/testing/selftests/iommu/iommufd.c | 43 ++ tools/testing/selftests/iommu/iommufd_utils.h | 17 + 55 files changed, 1764 insertions(+), 614 deletions(-) create mode 100644 drivers/dma-buf/st-dma-mapping.c base-commit: c63e5a50e1dd291cd95b04291b028fdcaba4c534 -- 2.43.0

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Most of this patch series has already been pushed upstream, this is just the second half of the patch series that has not been pushed yet + some additional changes which were required to implement changes requested by the mailing list. This patch series is originally from Asahi, previously posted by Daniel Almeida. The previous version of the patch series can be found here: https://patchwork.freedesktop.org/series/164580/ Branch with patches applied available here (+ a hack required to make sure this builds: https://gitlab.freedesktop.org/lyudess/linux/-/commits/rust/gem-shmem This patch series applies on top of drm-rust-next Lyude Paul (5): rust: drm: gem: s/device::Device/Device/ for shmem.rs drm/gem/shmem: Introduce __drm_gem_shmem_free_sgt_locked() drm/gem/shmem: Export drm_gem_shmem_get_pages_sgt_locked() rust: drm: gem: Introduce shmem::SGTable rust: drm: gem: Add vmap functions to shmem bindings drivers/gpu/drm/drm_gem_shmem_helper.c | 48 ++- include/drm/drm_gem_shmem_helper.h | 2 + rust/kernel/drm/gem/shmem.rs | 557 ++++++++++++++++++++++++- 3 files changed, 593 insertions(+), 14 deletions(-) base-commit: a7a080bb4236ebe577b6776d940d1717912ff6dd -- 2.53.0

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Most of this patch series has already been pushed upstream, this is just the second half of the patch series that has not been pushed yet + some additional changes which were required to implement changes requested by the mailing list. This patch series is originally from Asahi, previously posted by Daniel Almeida. The previous version of the patch series can be found here: (apparently it mistakenly was not sent to dri-devel, so no patchwork ): https://patchwork.freedesktop.org/series/156093/ Branch with patches applied available here (+ a hack required to make sure this builds: https://gitlab.freedesktop.org/lyudess/linux/-/commits/rust/gem-shmem Lyude Paul (5): rust: drm: gem: s/device::Device/Device/ for shmem.rs drm/gem/shmem: Introduce __drm_gem_shmem_free_sgt_locked() drm/gem/shmem: Export drm_gem_shmem_get_pages_sgt_locked() rust: drm: gem: Introduce shmem::SGTable rust: drm: gem: Add vmap functions to shmem bindings drivers/gpu/drm/drm_gem_shmem_helper.c | 48 ++- include/drm/drm_gem_shmem_helper.h | 2 + rust/kernel/drm/gem/shmem.rs | 553 ++++++++++++++++++++++++- 3 files changed, 590 insertions(+), 13 deletions(-) base-commit: a7a080bb4236ebe577b6776d940d1717912ff6dd -- 2.53.0

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PEDIR cocaína de alta calidad en línea

by divedtomson＠gmail.com

Para realizar su pedido: CORREO ELECTRÓNICO: adminconsultarr(a)gmail.com https://consultarr.com/ Compre medicamentos de buena calidad sin receta en España: a precio reducido. Medicamentos online sin receta para el TDAH en España, Suecia, Noruega, Dinamarca, Alemania, Finlandia, Países Bajos y Francia. Ofrecemos embalaje discreto y envíos a todas las direcciones con número de seguimiento. Realice su pedido ahora en nuestra web: https://consultarr.com/ Entrega en 24 horas Para realizar su pedido: CORREO ELECTRÓNICO: adminconsultarr(a)gmail.com Realice su pedido ahora en nuestra web: https://consultarr.com/ Aceptamos pedidos pequeños y grandes de al menos 100 comprimidos. Compre ahora Oxynorm Tramadol 200 (Quaalude) 300 mg disponible a precio reducido. Realizamos envíos a España. Para realizar un pedido, contáctenos. Haga su pedido ahora en nuestra página web: https://consultarr.com/ Aceptamos pedidos pequeños y grandes, con un mínimo de 100 unidades. Además de Elvanse 50/70 mg, ahora disponemos de precursores de otros medicamentos como: Xanax 2 mg Dilaudid 8 mg Oxicodona 30 mg Rubifen 20 mg Suboxone en tiras de 8 mg Adderall 30 mg Hidrocodona 10/325 mg Diazepam Valium 10 mg Percocet 30 mg Cocaína Vicodin 5-10 mg Klonopin 2 mg Opana 40 mg Oxynorm 20 mg Oxycontin 40 mg Duromine 40 mg MDMA (Éxtasis) 50 mg Metadona 40 mg Tramadol 200 mg mg Éxtasis (MDMA) Elvanse 50/70 mg Vyvanse Efedrina 30 mg Sobril 25 mg Imovane 7.5 mg Stesolid 10 mg Zolpidem 10 mg Rivotril 2 mg Rohypnol 2 mg Nitrazepam 5 mg Tilidin 100/8 mg Concerta 18–36 mg Morfina 15 mg Dolol 100 mg Mandrax (Quaalude) 300 mg Jarabe de codeína Ritalin 20 mg Ambien 10 mg Arimidex 1 mg Cialis 20 mg Levitra 20 mg Lexotanil Bromazepam 6 mg Voltaren 50 mg Clorodiazepam Nolvadex 20 mg Donormyl 15 mg Nembutal Alprazolam 2 mg Tradolan 50 mg Lortab Watson 7.5 mg Fentanyl Bandage 100 mg Stilnox 10 mg Viagra 100 mg Cocaína Trankimazin 2 mg Metadona 40 mg Subutex 8 mg Lyrica 300 mg Sekonal Soma 350 mg y muchos más Para ordenar: https://consultarr.com/ CORREO ELECTRÓNICO: cadminconsultarr(a)gmail.com Nuestros precios son negociables. Empaquetamos y enviamos discretamente libres de impuestos. Con nosotros, su entrega es segura y 100% garantizada. Puede solicitar cualquier medicamento sin receta. VENTAJAS DE PEDIR MEDICAMENTOS CON NOSOTROS Sin receta ENTREGA DISCRETA MENSAJE DE ENTREGA EN TODO EL PAÍS TRANSFERENCIA - El número de seguimiento garantiza la seguridad de todas las transferencias Entrega segura y garantizada HASTA UN 25% DE DESCUENTO Para ordenar: https://consultarr.com/ CORREO ELECTRÓNICO: cadminconsultarr(a)gmail.com

1 month, 3 weeks

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PEDIR / COMPRAR cocaína EN LÍNEA

by divedtomson＠gmail.com

Para realizar su pedido: CORREO ELECTRÓNICO: adminconsultarr(a)gmail.com https://consultarr.com/ Compre medicamentos de buena calidad sin receta en España: a precio reducido. Medicamentos online sin receta para el TDAH en España, Suecia, Noruega, Dinamarca, Alemania, Finlandia, Países Bajos y Francia. Ofrecemos embalaje discreto y envíos a todas las direcciones con número de seguimiento. Realice su pedido ahora en nuestra web: https://consultarr.com/ Entrega en 24 horas Para realizar su pedido: CORREO ELECTRÓNICO: adminconsultarr(a)gmail.com Realice su pedido ahora en nuestra web: https://consultarr.com/ Aceptamos pedidos pequeños y grandes de al menos 100 comprimidos. Compre ahora Oxynorm Tramadol 200 (Quaalude) 300 mg disponible a precio reducido. Realizamos envíos a España. Para realizar un pedido, contáctenos. Haga su pedido ahora en nuestra página web: https://consultarr.com/ Aceptamos pedidos pequeños y grandes, con un mínimo de 100 unidades. Además de Elvanse 50/70 mg, ahora disponemos de precursores de otros medicamentos como: Xanax 2 mg Dilaudid 8 mg Oxicodona 30 mg Rubifen 20 mg Suboxone en tiras de 8 mg Adderall 30 mg Hidrocodona 10/325 mg Diazepam Valium 10 mg Percocet 30 mg Cocaína Vicodin 5-10 mg Klonopin 2 mg Opana 40 mg Oxynorm 20 mg Oxycontin 40 mg Duromine 40 mg MDMA (Éxtasis) 50 mg Metadona 40 mg Tramadol 200 mg mg Éxtasis (MDMA) Elvanse 50/70 mg Vyvanse Efedrina 30 mg Sobril 25 mg Imovane 7.5 mg Stesolid 10 mg Zolpidem 10 mg Rivotril 2 mg Rohypnol 2 mg Nitrazepam 5 mg Tilidin 100/8 mg Concerta 18–36 mg Morfina 15 mg Dolol 100 mg Mandrax (Quaalude) 300 mg Jarabe de codeína Ritalin 20 mg Ambien 10 mg Arimidex 1 mg Cialis 20 mg Levitra 20 mg Lexotanil Bromazepam 6 mg Voltaren 50 mg Clorodiazepam Nolvadex 20 mg Donormyl 15 mg Nembutal Alprazolam 2 mg Tradolan 50 mg Lortab Watson 7.5 mg Fentanyl Bandage 100 mg Stilnox 10 mg Viagra 100 mg Cocaína Trankimazin 2 mg Metadona 40 mg Subutex 8 mg Lyrica 300 mg Sekonal Soma 350 mg y muchos más Para ordenar: https://consultarr.com/ CORREO ELECTRÓNICO: cadminconsultarr(a)gmail.com Nuestros precios son negociables. Empaquetamos y enviamos discretamente libres de impuestos. Con nosotros, su entrega es segura y 100% garantizada. Puede solicitar cualquier medicamento sin receta. VENTAJAS DE PEDIR MEDICAMENTOS CON NOSOTROS Sin receta ENTREGA DISCRETA MENSAJE DE ENTREGA EN TODO EL PAÍS TRANSFERENCIA - El número de seguimiento garantiza la seguridad de todas las transferencias Entrega segura y garantizada HASTA UN 25% DE DESCUENTO Para ordenar: https://consultarr.com/ CORREO ELECTRÓNICO: cadminconsultarr(a)gmail.com

1 month, 3 weeks

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Comprar cocaína sin receta

by divedtomson＠gmail.com

Para realizar su pedido: CORREO ELECTRÓNICO: adminconsultarr(a)gmail.com https://consultarr.com/ Compre medicamentos de buena calidad sin receta en España: a precio reducido. Medicamentos online sin receta para el TDAH en España, Suecia, Noruega, Dinamarca, Alemania, Finlandia, Países Bajos y Francia. Ofrecemos embalaje discreto y envíos a todas las direcciones con número de seguimiento. Realice su pedido ahora en nuestra web: https://consultarr.com/ Entrega en 24 horas Para realizar su pedido: CORREO ELECTRÓNICO: adminconsultarr(a)gmail.com Realice su pedido ahora en nuestra web: https://consultarr.com/ Aceptamos pedidos pequeños y grandes de al menos 100 comprimidos. Compre ahora Oxynorm Tramadol 200 (Quaalude) 300 mg disponible a precio reducido. Realizamos envíos a España. Para realizar un pedido, contáctenos. Haga su pedido ahora en nuestra página web: https://consultarr.com/ Aceptamos pedidos pequeños y grandes, con un mínimo de 100 unidades. Además de Elvanse 50/70 mg, ahora disponemos de precursores de otros medicamentos como: Xanax 2 mg Dilaudid 8 mg Oxicodona 30 mg Rubifen 20 mg Suboxone en tiras de 8 mg Adderall 30 mg Hidrocodona 10/325 mg Diazepam Valium 10 mg Percocet 30 mg Cocaína Vicodin 5-10 mg Klonopin 2 mg Opana 40 mg Oxynorm 20 mg Oxycontin 40 mg Duromine 40 mg MDMA (Éxtasis) 50 mg Metadona 40 mg Tramadol 200 mg mg Éxtasis (MDMA) Elvanse 50/70 mg Vyvanse Efedrina 30 mg Sobril 25 mg Imovane 7.5 mg Stesolid 10 mg Zolpidem 10 mg Rivotril 2 mg Rohypnol 2 mg Nitrazepam 5 mg Tilidin 100/8 mg Concerta 18–36 mg Morfina 15 mg Dolol 100 mg Mandrax (Quaalude) 300 mg Jarabe de codeína Ritalin 20 mg Ambien 10 mg Arimidex 1 mg Cialis 20 mg Levitra 20 mg Lexotanil Bromazepam 6 mg Voltaren 50 mg Clorodiazepam Nolvadex 20 mg Donormyl 15 mg Nembutal Alprazolam 2 mg Tradolan 50 mg Lortab Watson 7.5 mg Fentanyl Bandage 100 mg Stilnox 10 mg Viagra 100 mg Cocaína Trankimazin 2 mg Metadona 40 mg Subutex 8 mg Lyrica 300 mg Sekonal Soma 350 mg y muchos más Para ordenar: https://consultarr.com/ CORREO ELECTRÓNICO: cadminconsultarr(a)gmail.com Nuestros precios son negociables. Empaquetamos y enviamos discretamente libres de impuestos. Con nosotros, su entrega es segura y 100% garantizada. Puede solicitar cualquier medicamento sin receta. VENTAJAS DE PEDIR MEDICAMENTOS CON NOSOTROS Sin receta ENTREGA DISCRETA MENSAJE DE ENTREGA EN TODO EL PAÍS TRANSFERENCIA - El número de seguimiento garantiza la seguridad de todas las transferencias Entrega segura y garantizada HASTA UN 25% DE DESCUENTO Para ordenar: https://consultarr.com/ CORREO ELECTRÓNICO: cadminconsultarr(a)gmail.com

1 month, 3 weeks

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Comprar / Pedir cocaína en línea de forma segura sin receta

by divedtomson＠gmail.com

Para realizar su pedido: CORREO ELECTRÓNICO: adminconsultarr(a)gmail.com https://consultarr.com/ Compre medicamentos de buena calidad sin receta en España: a precio reducido. Medicamentos online sin receta para el TDAH en España, Suecia, Noruega, Dinamarca, Alemania, Finlandia, Países Bajos y Francia. Ofrecemos embalaje discreto y envíos a todas las direcciones con número de seguimiento. Realice su pedido ahora en nuestra web: https://consultarr.com/ Entrega en 24 horas Para realizar su pedido: CORREO ELECTRÓNICO: adminconsultarr(a)gmail.com Realice su pedido ahora en nuestra web: https://consultarr.com/ Aceptamos pedidos pequeños y grandes de al menos 100 comprimidos. Compre ahora Oxynorm Tramadol 200 (Quaalude) 300 mg disponible a precio reducido. Realizamos envíos a España. Para realizar un pedido, contáctenos. Haga su pedido ahora en nuestra página web: https://consultarr.com/ Aceptamos pedidos pequeños y grandes, con un mínimo de 100 unidades. Además de Elvanse 50/70 mg, ahora disponemos de precursores de otros medicamentos como: Xanax 2 mg Dilaudid 8 mg Oxicodona 30 mg Rubifen 20 mg Suboxone en tiras de 8 mg Adderall 30 mg Hidrocodona 10/325 mg Diazepam Valium 10 mg Percocet 30 mg Cocaína Vicodin 5-10 mg Klonopin 2 mg Opana 40 mg Oxynorm 20 mg Oxycontin 40 mg Duromine 40 mg MDMA (Éxtasis) 50 mg Metadona 40 mg Tramadol 200 mg mg Éxtasis (MDMA) Elvanse 50/70 mg Vyvanse Efedrina 30 mg Sobril 25 mg Imovane 7.5 mg Stesolid 10 mg Zolpidem 10 mg Rivotril 2 mg Rohypnol 2 mg Nitrazepam 5 mg Tilidin 100/8 mg Concerta 18–36 mg Morfina 15 mg Dolol 100 mg Mandrax (Quaalude) 300 mg Jarabe de codeína Ritalin 20 mg Ambien 10 mg Arimidex 1 mg Cialis 20 mg Levitra 20 mg Lexotanil Bromazepam 6 mg Voltaren 50 mg Clorodiazepam Nolvadex 20 mg Donormyl 15 mg Nembutal Alprazolam 2 mg Tradolan 50 mg Lortab Watson 7.5 mg Fentanyl Bandage 100 mg Stilnox 10 mg Viagra 100 mg Cocaína Trankimazin 2 mg Metadona 40 mg Subutex 8 mg Lyrica 300 mg Sekonal Soma 350 mg y muchos más Para ordenar: https://consultarr.com/ CORREO ELECTRÓNICO: cadminconsultarr(a)gmail.com Nuestros precios son negociables. Empaquetamos y enviamos discretamente libres de impuestos. Con nosotros, su entrega es segura y 100% garantizada. Puede solicitar cualquier medicamento sin receta. VENTAJAS DE PEDIR MEDICAMENTOS CON NOSOTROS Sin receta ENTREGA DISCRETA MENSAJE DE ENTREGA EN TODO EL PAÍS TRANSFERENCIA - El número de seguimiento garantiza la seguridad de todas las transferencias Entrega segura y garantizada HASTA UN 25% DE DESCUENTO Para ordenar: https://consultarr.com/ CORREO ELECTRÓNICO: cadminconsultarr(a)gmail.com

1 month, 3 weeks

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Comprar cocaína barata sin receta

by divedtomson＠gmail.com

1 month, 3 weeks

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Precio de analgésicos como la cocaína

by divedtomson＠gmail.com

Para realizar su pedido: CORREO ELECTRÓNICO: adminconsultarr(a)gmail.com https://consultarr.com/ Compre medicamentos de buena calidad sin receta en España: a precio reducido. Medicamentos online sin receta para el TDAH en España, Suecia, Noruega, Dinamarca, Alemania, Finlandia, Países Bajos y Francia. Ofrecemos embalaje discreto y envíos a todas las direcciones con número de seguimiento. Realice su pedido ahora en nuestra web: https://consultarr.com/ Entrega en 24 horas Para realizar su pedido: CORREO ELECTRÓNICO: adminconsultarr(a)gmail.com Realice su pedido ahora en nuestra web: https://consultarr.com/ Aceptamos pedidos pequeños y grandes de al menos 100 comprimidos. Compre ahora Oxynorm Tramadol 200 (Quaalude) 300 mg disponible a precio reducido. Realizamos envíos a España. Para realizar un pedido, contáctenos. Haga su pedido ahora en nuestra página web: https://consultarr.com/ Aceptamos pedidos pequeños y grandes, con un mínimo de 100 unidades. Además de Elvanse 50/70 mg, ahora disponemos de precursores de otros medicamentos como: Xanax 2 mg Dilaudid 8 mg Oxicodona 30 mg Rubifen 20 mg Suboxone en tiras de 8 mg Adderall 30 mg Hidrocodona 10/325 mg Diazepam Valium 10 mg Percocet 30 mg Cocaína Vicodin 5-10 mg Klonopin 2 mg Opana 40 mg Oxynorm 20 mg Oxycontin 40 mg Duromine 40 mg MDMA (Éxtasis) 50 mg Metadona 40 mg Tramadol 200 mg mg Éxtasis (MDMA) Elvanse 50/70 mg Vyvanse Efedrina 30 mg Sobril 25 mg Imovane 7.5 mg Stesolid 10 mg Zolpidem 10 mg Rivotril 2 mg Rohypnol 2 mg Nitrazepam 5 mg Tilidin 100/8 mg Concerta 18–36 mg Morfina 15 mg Dolol 100 mg Mandrax (Quaalude) 300 mg Jarabe de codeína Ritalin 20 mg Ambien 10 mg Arimidex 1 mg Cialis 20 mg Levitra 20 mg Lexotanil Bromazepam 6 mg Voltaren 50 mg Clorodiazepam Nolvadex 20 mg Donormyl 15 mg Nembutal Alprazolam 2 mg Tradolan 50 mg Lortab Watson 7.5 mg Fentanyl Bandage 100 mg Stilnox 10 mg Viagra 100 mg Cocaína Trankimazin 2 mg Metadona 40 mg Subutex 8 mg Lyrica 300 mg Sekonal Soma 350 mg y muchos más Para ordenar: https://consultarr.com/ CORREO ELECTRÓNICO: cadminconsultarr(a)gmail.com Nuestros precios son negociables. Empaquetamos y enviamos discretamente libres de impuestos. Con nosotros, su entrega es segura y 100% garantizada. Puede solicitar cualquier medicamento sin receta. VENTAJAS DE PEDIR MEDICAMENTOS CON NOSOTROS Sin receta ENTREGA DISCRETA MENSAJE DE ENTREGA EN TODO EL PAÍS TRANSFERENCIA - El número de seguimiento garantiza la seguridad de todas las transferencias Entrega segura y garantizada HASTA UN 25% DE DESCUENTO Para ordenar: https://consultarr.com/ CORREO ELECTRÓNICO: cadminconsultarr(a)gmail.com

1 month, 3 weeks

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Precio de medicamentos para el TDAH en línea / Precio de pastillas para dormir

by divedtomson＠gmail.com

1 month, 3 weeks

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Comprar medicamentos para el TDAH en línea / Pedir cocaína

by divedtomson＠gmail.com

1 month, 3 weeks

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Dónde comprar cocaína auténtica sin receta

by divedtomson＠gmail.com

Para realizar su pedido: CORREO ELECTRÓNICO: adminconsultarr(a)gmail.com https://consultarr.com/ Compre medicamentos de buena calidad sin receta en España: a precio reducido. Medicamentos online sin receta para el TDAH en España, Suecia, Noruega, Dinamarca, Alemania, Finlandia, Países Bajos y Francia. Ofrecemos embalaje discreto y envíos a todas las direcciones con número de seguimiento. Realice su pedido ahora en nuestra web: https://consultarr.com/ Entrega en 24 horas Para realizar su pedido: CORREO ELECTRÓNICO: adminconsultarr(a)gmail.com Realice su pedido ahora en nuestra web: https://consultarr.com/ Aceptamos pedidos pequeños y grandes de al menos 100 comprimidos. Compre ahora Oxynorm Tramadol 200 (Quaalude) 300 mg disponible a precio reducido. Realizamos envíos a España. Para realizar un pedido, contáctenos. Haga su pedido ahora en nuestra página web: https://consultarr.com/ Aceptamos pedidos pequeños y grandes, con un mínimo de 100 unidades. Además de Elvanse 50/70 mg, ahora disponemos de precursores de otros medicamentos como: Xanax 2 mg Dilaudid 8 mg Oxicodona 30 mg Rubifen 20 mg Suboxone en tiras de 8 mg Adderall 30 mg Hidrocodona 10/325 mg Diazepam Valium 10 mg Percocet 30 mg Cocaína Vicodin 5-10 mg Klonopin 2 mg Opana 40 mg Oxynorm 20 mg Oxycontin 40 mg Duromine 40 mg MDMA (Éxtasis) 50 mg Metadona 40 mg Tramadol 200 mg mg Éxtasis (MDMA) Elvanse 50/70 mg Vyvanse Efedrina 30 mg Sobril 25 mg Imovane 7.5 mg Stesolid 10 mg Zolpidem 10 mg Rivotril 2 mg Rohypnol 2 mg Nitrazepam 5 mg Tilidin 100/8 mg Concerta 18–36 mg Morfina 15 mg Dolol 100 mg Mandrax (Quaalude) 300 mg Jarabe de codeína Ritalin 20 mg Ambien 10 mg Arimidex 1 mg Cialis 20 mg Levitra 20 mg Lexotanil Bromazepam 6 mg Voltaren 50 mg Clorodiazepam Nolvadex 20 mg Donormyl 15 mg Nembutal Alprazolam 2 mg Tradolan 50 mg Lortab Watson 7.5 mg Fentanyl Bandage 100 mg Stilnox 10 mg Viagra 100 mg Cocaína Trankimazin 2 mg Metadona 40 mg Subutex 8 mg Lyrica 300 mg Sekonal Soma 350 mg y muchos más Para ordenar: https://consultarr.com/ CORREO ELECTRÓNICO: cadminconsultarr(a)gmail.com Nuestros precios son negociables. Empaquetamos y enviamos discretamente libres de impuestos. Con nosotros, su entrega es segura y 100% garantizada. Puede solicitar cualquier medicamento sin receta. VENTAJAS DE PEDIR MEDICAMENTOS CON NOSOTROS Sin receta ENTREGA DISCRETA MENSAJE DE ENTREGA EN TODO EL PAÍS TRANSFERENCIA - El número de seguimiento garantiza la seguridad de todas las transferencias Entrega segura y garantizada HASTA UN 25% DE DESCUENTO Para ordenar: https://consultarr.com/ CORREO ELECTRÓNICO: cadminconsultarr(a)gmail.com

1 month, 3 weeks

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Cómo comprar cocaína / Pedir cocaína

by divedtomson＠gmail.com

Para realizar su pedido: CORREO ELECTRÓNICO: adminconsultarr(a)gmail.com https://consultarr.com/ Compre medicamentos de buena calidad sin receta en España: a precio reducido. Medicamentos online sin receta para el TDAH en España, Suecia, Noruega, Dinamarca, Alemania, Finlandia, Países Bajos y Francia. Ofrecemos embalaje discreto y envíos a todas las direcciones con número de seguimiento. Realice su pedido ahora en nuestra web: https://consultarr.com/ Entrega en 24 horas Para realizar su pedido: CORREO ELECTRÓNICO: adminconsultarr(a)gmail.com Realice su pedido ahora en nuestra web: https://consultarr.com/ Aceptamos pedidos pequeños y grandes de al menos 100 comprimidos. Compre ahora Oxynorm Tramadol 200 (Quaalude) 300 mg disponible a precio reducido. Realizamos envíos a España. Para realizar un pedido, contáctenos. Haga su pedido ahora en nuestra página web: https://consultarr.com/ Aceptamos pedidos pequeños y grandes, con un mínimo de 100 unidades. Además de Elvanse 50/70 mg, ahora disponemos de precursores de otros medicamentos como: Xanax 2 mg Dilaudid 8 mg Oxicodona 30 mg Rubifen 20 mg Suboxone en tiras de 8 mg Adderall 30 mg Hidrocodona 10/325 mg Diazepam Valium 10 mg Percocet 30 mg Cocaína Vicodin 5-10 mg Klonopin 2 mg Opana 40 mg Oxynorm 20 mg Oxycontin 40 mg Duromine 40 mg MDMA (Éxtasis) 50 mg Metadona 40 mg Tramadol 200 mg mg Éxtasis (MDMA) Elvanse 50/70 mg Vyvanse Efedrina 30 mg Sobril 25 mg Imovane 7.5 mg Stesolid 10 mg Zolpidem 10 mg Rivotril 2 mg Rohypnol 2 mg Nitrazepam 5 mg Tilidin 100/8 mg Concerta 18–36 mg Morfina 15 mg Dolol 100 mg Mandrax (Quaalude) 300 mg Jarabe de codeína Ritalin 20 mg Ambien 10 mg Arimidex 1 mg Cialis 20 mg Levitra 20 mg Lexotanil Bromazepam 6 mg Voltaren 50 mg Clorodiazepam Nolvadex 20 mg Donormyl 15 mg Nembutal Alprazolam 2 mg Tradolan 50 mg Lortab Watson 7.5 mg Fentanyl Bandage 100 mg Stilnox 10 mg Viagra 100 mg Cocaína Trankimazin 2 mg Metadona 40 mg Subutex 8 mg Lyrica 300 mg Sekonal Soma 350 mg y muchos más Para ordenar: https://consultarr.com/ CORREO ELECTRÓNICO: cadminconsultarr(a)gmail.com Nuestros precios son negociables. Empaquetamos y enviamos discretamente libres de impuestos. Con nosotros, su entrega es segura y 100% garantizada. Puede solicitar cualquier medicamento sin receta. VENTAJAS DE PEDIR MEDICAMENTOS CON NOSOTROS Sin receta ENTREGA DISCRETA MENSAJE DE ENTREGA EN TODO EL PAÍS TRANSFERENCIA - El número de seguimiento garantiza la seguridad de todas las transferencias Entrega segura y garantizada HASTA UN 25% DE DESCUENTO Para ordenar: https://consultarr.com/ CORREO ELECTRÓNICO: cadminconsultarr(a)gmail.com

1 month, 3 weeks

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¿Puedo comprar cocaína sin receta?

by divedtomson＠gmail.com

1 month, 3 weeks

1
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Pedir cocaína con entrega el día / Comprar cocaína

by divedtomson＠gmail.com

1 month, 3 weeks

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Precio de las pastillas para la ansiedad | Pedir medicamentos para la ansiedad

by divedtomson＠gmail.com

Para realizar su pedido: CORREO ELECTRÓNICO: adminconsultarr(a)gmail.com https://consultarr.com/ Compre medicamentos de buena calidad sin receta en España: a precio reducido. Medicamentos online sin receta para el TDAH en España, Suecia, Noruega, Dinamarca, Alemania, Finlandia, Países Bajos y Francia. Ofrecemos embalaje discreto y envíos a todas las direcciones con número de seguimiento. Realice su pedido ahora en nuestra web: https://consultarr.com/ Entrega en 24 horas Para realizar su pedido: CORREO ELECTRÓNICO: adminconsultarr(a)gmail.com Realice su pedido ahora en nuestra web: https://consultarr.com/ Aceptamos pedidos pequeños y grandes de al menos 100 comprimidos. Compre ahora Oxynorm Tramadol 200 (Quaalude) 300 mg disponible a precio reducido. Realizamos envíos a España. Para realizar un pedido, contáctenos. Haga su pedido ahora en nuestra página web: https://consultarr.com/ Aceptamos pedidos pequeños y grandes, con un mínimo de 100 unidades. Además de Elvanse 50/70 mg, ahora disponemos de precursores de otros medicamentos como: Xanax 2 mg Dilaudid 8 mg Oxicodona 30 mg Rubifen 20 mg Suboxone en tiras de 8 mg Adderall 30 mg Hidrocodona 10/325 mg Diazepam Valium 10 mg Percocet 30 mg Cocaína Vicodin 5-10 mg Klonopin 2 mg Opana 40 mg Oxynorm 20 mg Oxycontin 40 mg Duromine 40 mg MDMA (Éxtasis) 50 mg Metadona 40 mg Tramadol 200 mg mg Éxtasis (MDMA) Elvanse 50/70 mg Vyvanse Efedrina 30 mg Sobril 25 mg Imovane 7.5 mg Stesolid 10 mg Zolpidem 10 mg Rivotril 2 mg Rohypnol 2 mg Nitrazepam 5 mg Tilidin 100/8 mg Concerta 18–36 mg Morfina 15 mg Dolol 100 mg Mandrax (Quaalude) 300 mg Jarabe de codeína Ritalin 20 mg Ambien 10 mg Arimidex 1 mg Cialis 20 mg Levitra 20 mg Lexotanil Bromazepam 6 mg Voltaren 50 mg Clorodiazepam Nolvadex 20 mg Donormyl 15 mg Nembutal Alprazolam 2 mg Tradolan 50 mg Lortab Watson 7.5 mg Fentanyl Bandage 100 mg Stilnox 10 mg Viagra 100 mg Cocaína Trankimazin 2 mg Metadona 40 mg Subutex 8 mg Lyrica 300 mg Sekonal Soma 350 mg y muchos más Para ordenar: https://consultarr.com/ CORREO ELECTRÓNICO: cadminconsultarr(a)gmail.com Nuestros precios son negociables. Empaquetamos y enviamos discretamente libres de impuestos. Con nosotros, su entrega es segura y 100% garantizada. Puede solicitar cualquier medicamento sin receta. VENTAJAS DE PEDIR MEDICAMENTOS CON NOSOTROS Sin receta ENTREGA DISCRETA MENSAJE DE ENTREGA EN TODO EL PAÍS TRANSFERENCIA - El número de seguimiento garantiza la seguridad de todas las transferencias Entrega segura y garantizada HASTA UN 25% DE DESCUENTO Para ordenar: https://consultarr.com/ CORREO ELECTRÓNICO: cadminconsultarr(a)gmail.com

1 month, 3 weeks

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¿Cómo comprar pastillas para dormir en España / cómo pedir cocaína?

by divedtomson＠gmail.com

Para realizar su pedido: CORREO ELECTRÓNICO: adminconsultarr(a)gmail.com https://consultarr.com/ Compre medicamentos de buena calidad sin receta en España: a precio reducido. Medicamentos online sin receta para el TDAH en España, Suecia, Noruega, Dinamarca, Alemania, Finlandia, Países Bajos y Francia. Ofrecemos embalaje discreto y envíos a todas las direcciones con número de seguimiento. Realice su pedido ahora en nuestra web: https://consultarr.com/ Entrega en 24 horas Para realizar su pedido: CORREO ELECTRÓNICO: adminconsultarr(a)gmail.com Realice su pedido ahora en nuestra web: https://consultarr.com/ Aceptamos pedidos pequeños y grandes de al menos 100 comprimidos. Compre ahora Oxynorm Tramadol 200 (Quaalude) 300 mg disponible a precio reducido. Realizamos envíos a España. Para realizar un pedido, contáctenos. Haga su pedido ahora en nuestra página web: https://consultarr.com/ Aceptamos pedidos pequeños y grandes, con un mínimo de 100 unidades. Además de Elvanse 50/70 mg, ahora disponemos de precursores de otros medicamentos como: Xanax 2 mg Dilaudid 8 mg Oxicodona 30 mg Rubifen 20 mg Suboxone en tiras de 8 mg Adderall 30 mg Hidrocodona 10/325 mg Diazepam Valium 10 mg Percocet 30 mg Cocaína Vicodin 5-10 mg Klonopin 2 mg Opana 40 mg Oxynorm 20 mg Oxycontin 40 mg Duromine 40 mg MDMA (Éxtasis) 50 mg Metadona 40 mg Tramadol 200 mg mg Éxtasis (MDMA) Elvanse 50/70 mg Vyvanse Efedrina 30 mg Sobril 25 mg Imovane 7.5 mg Stesolid 10 mg Zolpidem 10 mg Rivotril 2 mg Rohypnol 2 mg Nitrazepam 5 mg Tilidin 100/8 mg Concerta 18–36 mg Morfina 15 mg Dolol 100 mg Mandrax (Quaalude) 300 mg Jarabe de codeína Ritalin 20 mg Ambien 10 mg Arimidex 1 mg Cialis 20 mg Levitra 20 mg Lexotanil Bromazepam 6 mg Voltaren 50 mg Clorodiazepam Nolvadex 20 mg Donormyl 15 mg Nembutal Alprazolam 2 mg Tradolan 50 mg Lortab Watson 7.5 mg Fentanyl Bandage 100 mg Stilnox 10 mg Viagra 100 mg Cocaína Trankimazin 2 mg Metadona 40 mg Subutex 8 mg Lyrica 300 mg Sekonal Soma 350 mg y muchos más Para ordenar: https://consultarr.com/ CORREO ELECTRÓNICO: cadminconsultarr(a)gmail.com Nuestros precios son negociables. Empaquetamos y enviamos discretamente libres de impuestos. Con nosotros, su entrega es segura y 100% garantizada. Puede solicitar cualquier medicamento sin receta. VENTAJAS DE PEDIR MEDICAMENTOS CON NOSOTROS Sin receta ENTREGA DISCRETA MENSAJE DE ENTREGA EN TODO EL PAÍS TRANSFERENCIA - El número de seguimiento garantiza la seguridad de todas las transferencias Entrega segura y garantizada HASTA UN 25% DE DESCUENTO Para ordenar: https://consultarr.com/ CORREO ELECTRÓNICO: cadminconsultarr(a)gmail.com

1 month, 3 weeks

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¿Dónde comprar cocaína para uso personal?

by divedtomson＠gmail.com

1 month, 3 weeks

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¿Cómo pedir cocaína sin receta?

by divedtomson＠gmail.com

Para realizar su pedido: CORREO ELECTRÓNICO: adminconsultarr(a)gmail.com https://consultarr.com/ Compre medicamentos de buena calidad sin receta en España: a precio reducido. Medicamentos online sin receta para el TDAH en España, Suecia, Noruega, Dinamarca, Alemania, Finlandia, Países Bajos y Francia. Ofrecemos embalaje discreto y envíos a todas las direcciones con número de seguimiento. Realice su pedido ahora en nuestra web: https://consultarr.com/ Entrega en 24 horas Para realizar su pedido: CORREO ELECTRÓNICO: adminconsultarr(a)gmail.com Realice su pedido ahora en nuestra web: https://consultarr.com/ Aceptamos pedidos pequeños y grandes de al menos 100 comprimidos. Compre ahora Oxynorm Tramadol 200 (Quaalude) 300 mg disponible a precio reducido. Realizamos envíos a España. Para realizar un pedido, contáctenos. Haga su pedido ahora en nuestra página web: https://consultarr.com/ Aceptamos pedidos pequeños y grandes, con un mínimo de 100 unidades. Además de Elvanse 50/70 mg, ahora disponemos de precursores de otros medicamentos como: Xanax 2 mg Dilaudid 8 mg Oxicodona 30 mg Rubifen 20 mg Suboxone en tiras de 8 mg Adderall 30 mg Hidrocodona 10/325 mg Diazepam Valium 10 mg Percocet 30 mg Cocaína Vicodin 5-10 mg Klonopin 2 mg Opana 40 mg Oxynorm 20 mg Oxycontin 40 mg Duromine 40 mg MDMA (Éxtasis) 50 mg Metadona 40 mg Tramadol 200 mg mg Éxtasis (MDMA) Elvanse 50/70 mg Vyvanse Efedrina 30 mg Sobril 25 mg Imovane 7.5 mg Stesolid 10 mg Zolpidem 10 mg Rivotril 2 mg Rohypnol 2 mg Nitrazepam 5 mg Tilidin 100/8 mg Concerta 18–36 mg Morfina 15 mg Dolol 100 mg Mandrax (Quaalude) 300 mg Jarabe de codeína Ritalin 20 mg Ambien 10 mg Arimidex 1 mg Cialis 20 mg Levitra 20 mg Lexotanil Bromazepam 6 mg Voltaren 50 mg Clorodiazepam Nolvadex 20 mg Donormyl 15 mg Nembutal Alprazolam 2 mg Tradolan 50 mg Lortab Watson 7.5 mg Fentanyl Bandage 100 mg Stilnox 10 mg Viagra 100 mg Cocaína Trankimazin 2 mg Metadona 40 mg Subutex 8 mg Lyrica 300 mg Sekonal Soma 350 mg y muchos más Para ordenar: https://consultarr.com/ CORREO ELECTRÓNICO: cadminconsultarr(a)gmail.com Nuestros precios son negociables. Empaquetamos y enviamos discretamente libres de impuestos. Con nosotros, su entrega es segura y 100% garantizada. Puede solicitar cualquier medicamento sin receta. VENTAJAS DE PEDIR MEDICAMENTOS CON NOSOTROS Sin receta ENTREGA DISCRETA MENSAJE DE ENTREGA EN TODO EL PAÍS TRANSFERENCIA - El número de seguimiento garantiza la seguridad de todas las transferencias Entrega segura y garantizada HASTA UN 25% DE DESCUENTO Para ordenar: https://consultarr.com/ CORREO ELECTRÓNICO: cadminconsultarr(a)gmail.com

1 month, 3 weeks

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¿Cómo pedir cocaína sin receta?

by divedtomson＠gmail.com

Para realizar su pedido: CORREO ELECTRÓNICO: adminconsultarr(a)gmail.com https://consultarr.com/ Compre medicamentos de buena calidad sin receta en España: a precio reducido. Medicamentos online sin receta para el TDAH en España, Suecia, Noruega, Dinamarca, Alemania, Finlandia, Países Bajos y Francia. Ofrecemos embalaje discreto y envíos a todas las direcciones con número de seguimiento. Realice su pedido ahora en nuestra web: https://consultarr.com/ Entrega en 24 horas Para realizar su pedido: CORREO ELECTRÓNICO: adminconsultarr(a)gmail.com Realice su pedido ahora en nuestra web: https://consultarr.com/ Aceptamos pedidos pequeños y grandes de al menos 100 comprimidos. Compre ahora Oxynorm Tramadol 200 (Quaalude) 300 mg disponible a precio reducido. Realizamos envíos a España. Para realizar un pedido, contáctenos. Haga su pedido ahora en nuestra página web: https://consultarr.com/ Aceptamos pedidos pequeños y grandes, con un mínimo de 100 unidades. Además de Elvanse 50/70 mg, ahora disponemos de precursores de otros medicamentos como: Xanax 2 mg Dilaudid 8 mg Oxicodona 30 mg Rubifen 20 mg Suboxone en tiras de 8 mg Adderall 30 mg Hidrocodona 10/325 mg Diazepam Valium 10 mg Percocet 30 mg Cocaína Vicodin 5-10 mg Klonopin 2 mg Opana 40 mg Oxynorm 20 mg Oxycontin 40 mg Duromine 40 mg MDMA (Éxtasis) 50 mg Metadona 40 mg Tramadol 200 mg mg Éxtasis (MDMA) Elvanse 50/70 mg Vyvanse Efedrina 30 mg Sobril 25 mg Imovane 7.5 mg Stesolid 10 mg Zolpidem 10 mg Rivotril 2 mg Rohypnol 2 mg Nitrazepam 5 mg Tilidin 100/8 mg Concerta 18–36 mg Morfina 15 mg Dolol 100 mg Mandrax (Quaalude) 300 mg Jarabe de codeína Ritalin 20 mg Ambien 10 mg Arimidex 1 mg Cialis 20 mg Levitra 20 mg Lexotanil Bromazepam 6 mg Voltaren 50 mg Clorodiazepam Nolvadex 20 mg Donormyl 15 mg Nembutal Alprazolam 2 mg Tradolan 50 mg Lortab Watson 7.5 mg Fentanyl Bandage 100 mg Stilnox 10 mg Viagra 100 mg Cocaína Trankimazin 2 mg Metadona 40 mg Subutex 8 mg Lyrica 300 mg Sekonal Soma 350 mg y muchos más Para ordenar: https://consultarr.com/ CORREO ELECTRÓNICO: cadminconsultarr(a)gmail.com Nuestros precios son negociables. Empaquetamos y enviamos discretamente libres de impuestos. Con nosotros, su entrega es segura y 100% garantizada. Puede solicitar cualquier medicamento sin receta. VENTAJAS DE PEDIR MEDICAMENTOS CON NOSOTROS Sin receta ENTREGA DISCRETA MENSAJE DE ENTREGA EN TODO EL PAÍS TRANSFERENCIA - El número de seguimiento garantiza la seguridad de todas las transferencias Entrega segura y garantizada HASTA UN 25% DE DESCUENTO Para ordenar: https://consultarr.com/ CORREO ELECTRÓNICO: cadminconsultarr(a)gmail.com

1 month, 3 weeks

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¿Dónde puedo comprar analgésicos / comprar cocaína?

by divedtomson＠gmail.com

1 month, 3 weeks

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Comprar / Pedir cocaína en España, Noruega y Alemania

by divedtomson＠gmail.com

1 month, 3 weeks

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Comprar cocaína / comprar medicamentos para el TDAH online

by divedtomson＠gmail.com

1 month, 3 weeks

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Comprar pastillas para dormir sin receta / comprar cocaína

by divedtomson＠gmail.com

Para realizar su pedido: CORREO ELECTRÓNICO: adminconsultarr(a)gmail.com https://consultarr.com/ Compre medicamentos de buena calidad sin receta en España: a precio reducido. Medicamentos online sin receta para el TDAH en España, Suecia, Noruega, Dinamarca, Alemania, Finlandia, Países Bajos y Francia. Ofrecemos embalaje discreto y envíos a todas las direcciones con número de seguimiento. Realice su pedido ahora en nuestra web: https://consultarr.com/ Entrega en 24 horas Para realizar su pedido: CORREO ELECTRÓNICO: adminconsultarr(a)gmail.com Realice su pedido ahora en nuestra web: https://consultarr.com/ Aceptamos pedidos pequeños y grandes de al menos 100 comprimidos. Compre ahora Oxynorm Tramadol 200 (Quaalude) 300 mg disponible a precio reducido. Realizamos envíos a España. Para realizar un pedido, contáctenos. Haga su pedido ahora en nuestra página web: https://consultarr.com/ Aceptamos pedidos pequeños y grandes, con un mínimo de 100 unidades. Además de Elvanse 50/70 mg, ahora disponemos de precursores de otros medicamentos como: Xanax 2 mg Dilaudid 8 mg Oxicodona 30 mg Rubifen 20 mg Suboxone en tiras de 8 mg Adderall 30 mg Hidrocodona 10/325 mg Diazepam Valium 10 mg Percocet 30 mg Cocaína Vicodin 5-10 mg Klonopin 2 mg Opana 40 mg Oxynorm 20 mg Oxycontin 40 mg Duromine 40 mg MDMA (Éxtasis) 50 mg Metadona 40 mg Tramadol 200 mg mg Éxtasis (MDMA) Elvanse 50/70 mg Vyvanse Efedrina 30 mg Sobril 25 mg Imovane 7.5 mg Stesolid 10 mg Zolpidem 10 mg Rivotril 2 mg Rohypnol 2 mg Nitrazepam 5 mg Tilidin 100/8 mg Concerta 18–36 mg Morfina 15 mg Dolol 100 mg Mandrax (Quaalude) 300 mg Jarabe de codeína Ritalin 20 mg Ambien 10 mg Arimidex 1 mg Cialis 20 mg Levitra 20 mg Lexotanil Bromazepam 6 mg Voltaren 50 mg Clorodiazepam Nolvadex 20 mg Donormyl 15 mg Nembutal Alprazolam 2 mg Tradolan 50 mg Lortab Watson 7.5 mg Fentanyl Bandage 100 mg Stilnox 10 mg Viagra 100 mg Cocaína Trankimazin 2 mg Metadona 40 mg Subutex 8 mg Lyrica 300 mg Sekonal Soma 350 mg y muchos más Para ordenar: https://consultarr.com/ CORREO ELECTRÓNICO: cadminconsultarr(a)gmail.com Nuestros precios son negociables. Empaquetamos y enviamos discretamente libres de impuestos. Con nosotros, su entrega es segura y 100% garantizada. Puede solicitar cualquier medicamento sin receta. VENTAJAS DE PEDIR MEDICAMENTOS CON NOSOTROS Sin receta ENTREGA DISCRETA MENSAJE DE ENTREGA EN TODO EL PAÍS TRANSFERENCIA - El número de seguimiento garantiza la seguridad de todas las transferencias Entrega segura y garantizada HASTA UN 25% DE DESCUENTO Para ordenar: https://consultarr.com/ CORREO ELECTRÓNICO: cadminconsultarr(a)gmail.com

1 month, 3 weeks

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¿Busco cocaína a la venta en España, Alemania o Dinamarca?

by divedtomson＠gmail.com

1 month, 3 weeks

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¿Dónde puedo encontrar cocaína en España?

by divedtomson＠gmail.com

1 month, 3 weeks

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Precio de la cocaína | Precio callejero de Rubifen 20 mg

by divedtomson＠gmail.com

1 month, 3 weeks

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Comprar cocaína | Entrega rápida al día siguiente

by divedtomson＠gmail.com

1 month, 3 weeks

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Efectos secundarios de la cocaína | Dónde comprar cocaína barata

by divedtomson＠gmail.com

1 month, 3 weeks

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Efectos secundarios de la cocaína | Dónde comprar cocaína barata

by divedtomson＠gmail.com

1 month, 3 weeks

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¿Qué aspecto tiene la cocaína?

by divedtomson＠gmail.com

1 month, 3 weeks

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¿Qué es la cocaína? | Cocaína de calidad

by divedtomson＠gmail.com

1 month, 3 weeks

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Pedir cocaína sin receta

by divedtomson＠gmail.com

1 month, 3 weeks

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Comprar cocaína sin receta

by divedtomson＠gmail.com

1 month, 3 weeks

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Cocaína

by divedtomson＠gmail.com

Para realizar su pedido: CORREO ELECTRÓNICO: adminconsultarr(a)gmail.com https://consultarr.com/ Compre medicamentos de buena calidad sin receta en España: a precio reducido. Medicamentos online sin receta para el TDAH en España, Suecia, Noruega, Dinamarca, Alemania, Finlandia, Países Bajos y Francia. Ofrecemos embalaje discreto y envíos a todas las direcciones con número de seguimiento. Realice su pedido ahora en nuestra web: https://consultarr.com/ Entrega en 24 horas Para realizar su pedido: CORREO ELECTRÓNICO: adminconsultarr(a)gmail.com Realice su pedido ahora en nuestra web: https://consultarr.com/ Aceptamos pedidos pequeños y grandes de al menos 100 comprimidos. Compre ahora Oxynorm Tramadol 200 (Quaalude) 300 mg disponible a precio reducido. Realizamos envíos a España. Para realizar un pedido, contáctenos. Haga su pedido ahora en nuestra página web: https://consultarr.com/ Aceptamos pedidos pequeños y grandes, con un mínimo de 100 unidades. Además de Elvanse 50/70 mg, ahora disponemos de precursores de otros medicamentos como: Xanax 2 mg Dilaudid 8 mg Oxicodona 30 mg Rubifen 20 mg Suboxone en tiras de 8 mg Adderall 30 mg Hidrocodona 10/325 mg Diazepam Valium 10 mg Percocet 30 mg Cocaína Vicodin 5-10 mg Klonopin 2 mg Opana 40 mg Oxynorm 20 mg Oxycontin 40 mg Duromine 40 mg MDMA (Éxtasis) 50 mg Metadona 40 mg Tramadol 200 mg mg Éxtasis (MDMA) Elvanse 50/70 mg Vyvanse Efedrina 30 mg Sobril 25 mg Imovane 7.5 mg Stesolid 10 mg Zolpidem 10 mg Rivotril 2 mg Rohypnol 2 mg Nitrazepam 5 mg Tilidin 100/8 mg Concerta 18–36 mg Morfina 15 mg Dolol 100 mg Mandrax (Quaalude) 300 mg Jarabe de codeína Ritalin 20 mg Ambien 10 mg Arimidex 1 mg Cialis 20 mg Levitra 20 mg Lexotanil Bromazepam 6 mg Voltaren 50 mg Clorodiazepam Nolvadex 20 mg Donormyl 15 mg Nembutal Alprazolam 2 mg Tradolan 50 mg Lortab Watson 7.5 mg Fentanyl Bandage 100 mg Stilnox 10 mg Viagra 100 mg Cocaína Trankimazin 2 mg Metadona 40 mg Subutex 8 mg Lyrica 300 mg Sekonal Soma 350 mg y muchos más Para ordenar: https://consultarr.com/ CORREO ELECTRÓNICO: cadminconsultarr(a)gmail.com Nuestros precios son negociables. Empaquetamos y enviamos discretamente libres de impuestos. Con nosotros, su entrega es segura y 100% garantizada. Puede solicitar cualquier medicamento sin receta. VENTAJAS DE PEDIR MEDICAMENTOS CON NOSOTROS Sin receta ENTREGA DISCRETA MENSAJE DE ENTREGA EN TODO EL PAÍS TRANSFERENCIA - El número de seguimiento garantiza la seguridad de todas las transferencias Entrega segura y garantizada HASTA UN 25% DE DESCUENTO Para ordenar: https://consultarr.com/ CORREO ELECTRÓNICO: cadminconsultarr(a)gmail.com

1 month, 3 weeks

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Cómo y cuándo tomar cocaína

by divedtomson＠gmail.com

Para realizar su pedido: CORREO ELECTRÓNICO: adminconsultarr(a)gmail.com https://consultarr.com/ Compre medicamentos de buena calidad sin receta en España: a precio reducido. Medicamentos online sin receta para el TDAH en España, Suecia, Noruega, Dinamarca, Alemania, Finlandia, Países Bajos y Francia. Ofrecemos embalaje discreto y envíos a todas las direcciones con número de seguimiento. Realice su pedido ahora en nuestra web: https://consultarr.com/ Entrega en 24 horas Para realizar su pedido: CORREO ELECTRÓNICO: adminconsultarr(a)gmail.com Realice su pedido ahora en nuestra web: https://consultarr.com/ Aceptamos pedidos pequeños y grandes de al menos 100 comprimidos. Compre ahora Oxynorm Tramadol 200 (Quaalude) 300 mg disponible a precio reducido. Realizamos envíos a España. Para realizar un pedido, contáctenos. Haga su pedido ahora en nuestra página web: https://consultarr.com/ Aceptamos pedidos pequeños y grandes, con un mínimo de 100 unidades. Además de Elvanse 50/70 mg, ahora disponemos de precursores de otros medicamentos como: Xanax 2 mg Dilaudid 8 mg Oxicodona 30 mg Rubifen 20 mg Suboxone en tiras de 8 mg Adderall 30 mg Hidrocodona 10/325 mg Diazepam Valium 10 mg Percocet 30 mg Cocaína Vicodin 5-10 mg Klonopin 2 mg Opana 40 mg Oxynorm 20 mg Oxycontin 40 mg Duromine 40 mg MDMA (Éxtasis) 50 mg Metadona 40 mg Tramadol 200 mg mg Éxtasis (MDMA) Elvanse 50/70 mg Vyvanse Efedrina 30 mg Sobril 25 mg Imovane 7.5 mg Stesolid 10 mg Zolpidem 10 mg Rivotril 2 mg Rohypnol 2 mg Nitrazepam 5 mg Tilidin 100/8 mg Concerta 18–36 mg Morfina 15 mg Dolol 100 mg Mandrax (Quaalude) 300 mg Jarabe de codeína Ritalin 20 mg Ambien 10 mg Arimidex 1 mg Cialis 20 mg Levitra 20 mg Lexotanil Bromazepam 6 mg Voltaren 50 mg Clorodiazepam Nolvadex 20 mg Donormyl 15 mg Nembutal Alprazolam 2 mg Tradolan 50 mg Lortab Watson 7.5 mg Fentanyl Bandage 100 mg Stilnox 10 mg Viagra 100 mg Cocaína Trankimazin 2 mg Metadona 40 mg Subutex 8 mg Lyrica 300 mg Sekonal Soma 350 mg y muchos más Para ordenar: https://consultarr.com/ CORREO ELECTRÓNICO: cadminconsultarr(a)gmail.com Nuestros precios son negociables. Empaquetamos y enviamos discretamente libres de impuestos. Con nosotros, su entrega es segura y 100% garantizada. Puede solicitar cualquier medicamento sin receta. VENTAJAS DE PEDIR MEDICAMENTOS CON NOSOTROS Sin receta ENTREGA DISCRETA MENSAJE DE ENTREGA EN TODO EL PAÍS TRANSFERENCIA - El número de seguimiento garantiza la seguridad de todas las transferencias Entrega segura y garantizada HASTA UN 25% DE DESCUENTO Para ordenar: https://consultarr.com/ CORREO ELECTRÓNICO: cadminconsultarr(a)gmail.com

1 month, 3 weeks

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Comprar cocaína | Cocaína de calidad

by divedtomson＠gmail.com

Para realizar su pedido: CORREO ELECTRÓNICO: adminconsultarr(a)gmail.com https://consultarr.com/ Compre medicamentos de buena calidad sin receta en España: a precio reducido. Medicamentos online sin receta para el TDAH en España, Suecia, Noruega, Dinamarca, Alemania, Finlandia, Países Bajos y Francia. Ofrecemos embalaje discreto y envíos a todas las direcciones con número de seguimiento. Realice su pedido ahora en nuestra web: https://consultarr.com/ Entrega en 24 horas Para realizar su pedido: CORREO ELECTRÓNICO: adminconsultarr(a)gmail.com Realice su pedido ahora en nuestra web: https://consultarr.com/ Aceptamos pedidos pequeños y grandes de al menos 100 comprimidos. Compre ahora Oxynorm Tramadol 200 (Quaalude) 300 mg disponible a precio reducido. Realizamos envíos a España. Para realizar un pedido, contáctenos. Haga su pedido ahora en nuestra página web: https://consultarr.com/ Aceptamos pedidos pequeños y grandes, con un mínimo de 100 unidades. Además de Elvanse 50/70 mg, ahora disponemos de precursores de otros medicamentos como: Xanax 2 mg Dilaudid 8 mg Oxicodona 30 mg Rubifen 20 mg Suboxone en tiras de 8 mg Adderall 30 mg Hidrocodona 10/325 mg Diazepam Valium 10 mg Percocet 30 mg Cocaína Vicodin 5-10 mg Klonopin 2 mg Opana 40 mg Oxynorm 20 mg Oxycontin 40 mg Duromine 40 mg MDMA (Éxtasis) 50 mg Metadona 40 mg Tramadol 200 mg mg Éxtasis (MDMA) Elvanse 50/70 mg Vyvanse Efedrina 30 mg Sobril 25 mg Imovane 7.5 mg Stesolid 10 mg Zolpidem 10 mg Rivotril 2 mg Rohypnol 2 mg Nitrazepam 5 mg Tilidin 100/8 mg Concerta 18–36 mg Morfina 15 mg Dolol 100 mg Mandrax (Quaalude) 300 mg Jarabe de codeína Ritalin 20 mg Ambien 10 mg Arimidex 1 mg Cialis 20 mg Levitra 20 mg Lexotanil Bromazepam 6 mg Voltaren 50 mg Clorodiazepam Nolvadex 20 mg Donormyl 15 mg Nembutal Alprazolam 2 mg Tradolan 50 mg Lortab Watson 7.5 mg Fentanyl Bandage 100 mg Stilnox 10 mg Viagra 100 mg Cocaína Trankimazin 2 mg Metadona 40 mg Subutex 8 mg Lyrica 300 mg Sekonal Soma 350 mg y muchos más Para ordenar: https://consultarr.com/ CORREO ELECTRÓNICO: cadminconsultarr(a)gmail.com Nuestros precios son negociables. Empaquetamos y enviamos discretamente libres de impuestos. Con nosotros, su entrega es segura y 100% garantizada. Puede solicitar cualquier medicamento sin receta. VENTAJAS DE PEDIR MEDICAMENTOS CON NOSOTROS Sin receta ENTREGA DISCRETA MENSAJE DE ENTREGA EN TODO EL PAÍS TRANSFERENCIA - El número de seguimiento garantiza la seguridad de todas las transferencias Entrega segura y garantizada HASTA UN 25% DE DESCUENTO Para ordenar: https://consultarr.com/ CORREO ELECTRÓNICO: cadminconsultarr(a)gmail.com

1 month, 3 weeks

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Comprar/pedir cocaína con entrega rápida

by divedtomson＠gmail.com

1 month, 3 weeks

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Slithering into Fun: Mastering the Classic Snake Game

by serious.halibut.leeg＠hidingmail.com

The Snake Game – simple, addictive, and utterly timeless. It's a game that has graced countless screens, from early mobile phones to web browsers, and continues to be a source of casual entertainment for millions. But behind its deceptively simple premise lies a surprising amount of skill and strategy. Let's dive into how to not just play the Snake Game, but how to experience it. https://snakegame.onl Gameplay: A Simple Dance of Digits and Delight The core concept of the Snake Game is beautifully straightforward. You control a snake, initially a small line segment, navigating within a defined play area. Your goal? To consume food, typically represented by small dots or blocks, without crashing into the walls, your own body, or obstacles if any are present in the version you're playing. Each time your snake eats food, it grows longer, increasing the difficulty as maneuvering space becomes more constrained. The game ends when you collide with yourself or the boundaries of the play area. Sound easy? Try it! The real challenge lies in predicting future movements, planning efficient paths, and adapting to the ever-increasing length of your serpentine friend. Many variations of the Snake Game exist, often with added features like walls within the playing field, power-ups, and different control schemes. Some even offer multiplayer options, allowing you to compete against friends or other players online. Regardless of the specific version, the fundamental mechanics remain the same. Tips and Tricks: Becoming a Snake Charmer While the Snake Game appears luck-based at times, mastering a few key strategies can significantly improve your score and extend your gameplay: Plan Ahead: Don’t just react to the immediate situation. Try to anticipate your snake's movements several steps in advance. Visualize the path you'll need to take to collect the next food pellet without painting yourself into a corner. Utilize Corners: Corners are your best friends. They provide a temporary safe haven where you can change direction and reassess your surroundings. Master the art of hugging the walls and making sharp turns. Create Space: As your snake grows, space becomes a precious commodity. Aim to create loops and empty areas within the playing field to give yourself more room to maneuver. A well-executed loop can buy you valuable time and prevent a fatal crash. Patience is Key: Don’t rush. Sometimes the best strategy is to wait for an opportunity to present itself. Avoid making risky moves that could lead to a premature end. Learn the Algorithm (Sort Of): Some players find it beneficial to develop a mental "algorithm" or pattern for their snake's movements. This could involve consistently circling the outer edges of the play area or employing a specific sequence of turns. Experiment to find what works best for you. Embrace the Simplicity: A Timeless Classic The Snake Game is more than just a game; it's a piece of digital history. Its enduring appeal lies in its simplicity, accessibility, and addictive gameplay. Whether you're a seasoned veteran or a newcomer, there's always something to enjoy about this classic title. So, fire up your device, control your snake, and get ready for a slithering good time. You might be surprised at how engaging this seemingly simple game can be!

1 month, 3 weeks

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[PATCH] usb: gadget: f_fs: serialize DMABUF cancel against request completion

by Michael Bommarito

ffs_epfile_dmabuf_io_complete() calls usb_ep_free_request() on the completed request but leaves priv->req, the back-pointer that ffs_dmabuf_transfer() set on submission, pointing at the freed memory. A later FUNCTIONFS_DMABUF_DETACH ioctl or ffs_epfile_release() on the close path still sees priv->req non-NULL under ffs->eps_lock: if (priv->ep && priv->req) usb_ep_dequeue(priv->ep, priv->req); so usb_ep_dequeue() is called on a freed usb_request. On dummy_hcd the dequeue path only walks a live queue and pointer-compares, so the freed pointer reads without faulting and KASAN requires an explicit check at the FunctionFS call site to surface the use-after-free. On SG-capable in-tree UDCs the dequeue path dereferences the supplied request immediately: * chipidea's ep_dequeue() does container_of(req, struct ci_hw_req, req) and reads hwreq->req.status before acquiring its own lock. * cdnsp's cdnsp_gadget_ep_dequeue() reads request->status first. The narrower option of clearing priv->req via cmpxchg() in the completion does not close the race: the completion runs without eps_lock, so a cancel path holding eps_lock can still observe priv->req non-NULL, race a concurrent completion that clears and frees, and pass the freed pointer to usb_ep_dequeue(). A slightly longer fix that moves the free into the cleanup work is needed. Same class of lifetime race as the recent usbip-vudc timer fix [1]. Take eps_lock in the sole place that mutates priv->req from the callback direction by moving usb_ep_free_request() out of the completion into ffs_dmabuf_cleanup(), the existing work handler scheduled by ffs_dmabuf_signal_done() on ffs->io_completion_wq. Clear priv->req there under eps_lock before freeing, and only clear if priv->req still names our request (a subsequent ffs_dmabuf_transfer() on the same attachment may have queued a new one). This keeps the existing dummy_hcd sync-dequeue invariant: the completion callback is still invoked by the UDC without eps_lock held (dummy_hcd drops its own lock before calling the callback), and the callback now takes no f_fs lock at all. Serialization against the cancel path happens in cleanup, which runs from the workqueue with no f_fs lock held on entry. The priv ref count protects the containing ffs_dmabuf_priv: ffs_dmabuf_transfer() takes a ref via ffs_dmabuf_get(), cleanup drops it via ffs_dmabuf_put(), so priv stays live for the cleanup even after the cancel path's list_del + ffs_dmabuf_put. The ffs_dmabuf_transfer() error path no longer frees usb_req inline: fence->req and fence->ep are set before usb_ep_queue(), so ffs_dmabuf_cleanup() (scheduled by the error-path ffs_dmabuf_signal_done()) owns the free regardless of whether the queue succeeded. Reproduced under KASAN on both detach and close paths against dummy_hcd with an observability hook (kasan_check_byte(priv->req) immediately before usb_ep_dequeue) at the two FunctionFS cancel sites to surface the stale-pointer access; the hook is not part of this patch. The KASAN allocator / free stacks in the captured splats identify the same request: alloc in dummy_alloc_request, free in dummy_timer, fault reached from ffs_epfile_release (close) and from the FUNCTIONFS_DMABUF_DETACH ioctl (detach). With the patch applied, both paths are silent under the same hook. The bug is reached from the FunctionFS device node, which in real deployments is owned by the privileged gadget daemon (adbd, UMS, composite gadget services, etc.); it is not reachable from unprivileged userspace or from a USB host on the cable. FunctionFS mounts default to GLOBAL_ROOT_UID, but the filesystem supports uid=, gid=, and fmode= delegation to a non-root gadget daemon, so on real deployments the attacker may be a less-privileged service rather than root. Fixes: 7b07a2a7ca02 ("usb: gadget: functionfs: Add DMABUF import interface") Link: https://lore.kernel.org/all/20260417163552.807548-1-michael.bommarito@gmail… [1] Cc: stable(a)vger.kernel.org Assisted-by: Claude:claude-opus-4-7 Signed-off-by: Michael Bommarito <michael.bommarito(a)gmail.com> --- drivers/usb/gadget/function/f_fs.c | 24 ++++++++++++++++++++++-- 1 file changed, 22 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-) diff --git a/drivers/usb/gadget/function/f_fs.c b/drivers/usb/gadget/function/f_fs.c index 815639506520..75912ce6ab55 100644 --- a/drivers/usb/gadget/function/f_fs.c +++ b/drivers/usb/gadget/function/f_fs.c @@ -150,6 +150,8 @@ struct ffs_dma_fence { struct dma_fence base; struct ffs_dmabuf_priv *priv; struct work_struct work; + struct usb_ep *ep; + struct usb_request *req; }; struct ffs_epfile { @@ -1385,6 +1387,21 @@ static void ffs_dmabuf_cleanup(struct work_struct *work) struct ffs_dmabuf_priv *priv = dma_fence->priv; struct dma_buf_attachment *attach = priv->attach; struct dma_fence *fence = &dma_fence->base; + struct usb_request *req = dma_fence->req; + struct usb_ep *ep = dma_fence->ep; + + /* + * eps_lock pairs with the cancel paths so they cannot pass a freed + * req to usb_ep_dequeue(). Only clear if priv->req still names ours; + * a re-queue on the same attachment may have taken that slot. + */ + spin_lock_irq(&priv->ffs->eps_lock); + if (priv->req == req) + priv->req = NULL; + spin_unlock_irq(&priv->ffs->eps_lock); + + if (ep && req) + usb_ep_free_request(ep, req); ffs_dmabuf_put(attach); dma_fence_put(fence); @@ -1414,8 +1431,8 @@ static void ffs_epfile_dmabuf_io_complete(struct usb_ep *ep, struct usb_request *req) { pr_vdebug("FFS: DMABUF transfer complete, status=%d\n", req->status); + /* req is freed by ffs_dmabuf_cleanup() under eps_lock. */ ffs_dmabuf_signal_done(req->context, req->status); - usb_ep_free_request(ep, req); } static const char *ffs_dmabuf_get_driver_name(struct dma_fence *fence) @@ -1699,6 +1716,10 @@ static int ffs_dmabuf_transfer(struct file *file, usb_req->context = fence; usb_req->complete = ffs_epfile_dmabuf_io_complete; + /* ffs_dmabuf_cleanup() frees usb_req via these two fields. */ + fence->req = usb_req; + fence->ep = ep->ep; + cookie = dma_fence_begin_signalling(); ret = usb_ep_queue(ep->ep, usb_req, GFP_ATOMIC); dma_fence_end_signalling(cookie); @@ -1708,7 +1729,6 @@ static int ffs_dmabuf_transfer(struct file *file, } else { pr_warn("FFS: Failed to queue DMABUF: %d\n", ret); ffs_dmabuf_signal_done(fence, ret); - usb_ep_free_request(ep->ep, usb_req); } spin_unlock_irq(&epfile->ffs->eps_lock); -- 2.53.0

1 month, 3 weeks

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[PATCH v2 00/19] tracepoint: Avoid double static_branch evaluation at guarded call sites

by Vineeth Pillai (Google)

When a caller already guards a tracepoint with an explicit enabled check: if (trace_foo_enabled() && cond) trace_foo(args); trace_foo() internally re-evaluates the static_branch_unlikely() key. Since static branches are patched binary instructions the compiler cannot fold the two evaluations, so every such site pays the cost twice. This series introduces trace_call__##name() as a companion to trace_##name(). It calls __do_trace_##name() directly, bypassing the redundant static-branch re-check, while preserving all other correctness properties of the normal path (RCU-watching assertion, might_fault() for syscall tracepoints). The internal __do_trace_##name() symbol is not leaked to call sites; trace_call__##name() is the only new public API. if (trace_foo_enabled() && cond) trace_call__foo(args); /* calls __do_trace_foo() directly */ The first patch adds the three-location change to include/linux/tracepoint.h (__DECLARE_TRACE, __DECLARE_TRACE_SYSCALL, and the !TRACEPOINTS_ENABLED stub). The remaining 18 patches mechanically convert all guarded call sites found in the tree: kernel/, io_uring/, net/, accel/habanalabs, cpufreq/, devfreq/, dma-buf/, fsi/, drm/, HID, i2c/, spi/, scsi/ufs/, btrfs/, net/devlink/, kernel/time/, kernel/trace/, mm/damon/, and arch/x86/. This series is motivated by Peter Zijlstra's observation in the discussion around Dmitry Ilvokhin's locking tracepoint instrumentation series, where he noted that compilers cannot optimize static branches and that guarded call sites end up evaluating the static branch twice for no reason, and by Steven Rostedt's suggestion to add a proper API instead of exposing internal implementation details like __do_trace_##name() directly to call sites: https://lore.kernel.org/linux-trace-kernel/8298e098d3418cb446ef396f119edac5… Suggested-by: Steven Rostedt <rostedt(a)goodmis.org> Suggested-by: Peter Zijlstra <peterz(a)infradead.org> Changes in v2: - Renamed trace_invoke_##name() to trace_call__##name() (double underscore) per review comments. - Added 4 new patches covering sites missed in v1, found using coccinelle to scan the tree (Keith Busch): * net/devlink: guarded tracepoint_enabled() block in trap.c * kernel/time: early-return guard in tick-sched.c (tick_stop) * kernel/trace: early-return guard in trace_benchmark.c * mm/damon: early-return guard in core.c * arch/x86: do_trace_*() wrapper functions in lib/msr.c, which are called exclusively from tracepoint_enabled()-guarded sites in asm/msr.h v1: https://lore.kernel.org/linux-trace-kernel/abSqrJ1J59RQC47U@kbusch-mbp/ Vineeth Pillai (Google) (19): tracepoint: Add trace_call__##name() API kernel: Use trace_call__##name() at guarded tracepoint call sites io_uring: Use trace_call__##name() at guarded tracepoint call sites net: Use trace_call__##name() at guarded tracepoint call sites accel/habanalabs: Use trace_call__##name() at guarded tracepoint call sites cpufreq: Use trace_call__##name() at guarded tracepoint call sites devfreq: Use trace_call__##name() at guarded tracepoint call sites dma-buf: Use trace_call__##name() at guarded tracepoint call sites fsi: Use trace_call__##name() at guarded tracepoint call sites drm: Use trace_call__##name() at guarded tracepoint call sites HID: Use trace_call__##name() at guarded tracepoint call sites i2c: Use trace_call__##name() at guarded tracepoint call sites spi: Use trace_call__##name() at guarded tracepoint call sites scsi: ufs: Use trace_call__##name() at guarded tracepoint call sites btrfs: Use trace_call__##name() at guarded tracepoint call sites net: devlink: Use trace_call__##name() at guarded tracepoint call sites kernel: time, trace: Use trace_call__##name() at guarded tracepoint call sites mm: damon: Use trace_call__##name() at guarded tracepoint call sites x86: msr: Use trace_call__##name() at guarded tracepoint call sites arch/x86/lib/msr.c | 6 +++--- drivers/accel/habanalabs/common/device.c | 12 ++++++------ drivers/accel/habanalabs/common/mmu/mmu.c | 3 ++- drivers/accel/habanalabs/common/pci/pci.c | 4 ++-- drivers/cpufreq/amd-pstate.c | 10 +++++----- drivers/cpufreq/cpufreq.c | 2 +- drivers/cpufreq/intel_pstate.c | 2 +- drivers/devfreq/devfreq.c | 2 +- drivers/dma-buf/dma-fence.c | 4 ++-- drivers/fsi/fsi-master-aspeed.c | 2 +- drivers/gpu/drm/amd/amdgpu/amdgpu_cs.c | 2 +- drivers/gpu/drm/amd/amdgpu/amdgpu_vm.c | 4 ++-- drivers/gpu/drm/amd/display/amdgpu_dm/amdgpu_dm.c | 2 +- drivers/gpu/drm/scheduler/sched_entity.c | 4 ++-- drivers/hid/intel-ish-hid/ipc/pci-ish.c | 2 +- drivers/i2c/i2c-core-slave.c | 2 +- drivers/spi/spi-axi-spi-engine.c | 4 ++-- drivers/ufs/core/ufshcd.c | 12 ++++++------ fs/btrfs/extent_map.c | 4 ++-- fs/btrfs/raid56.c | 4 ++-- include/linux/tracepoint.h | 11 +++++++++++ io_uring/io_uring.h | 2 +- kernel/irq_work.c | 2 +- kernel/sched/ext.c | 2 +- kernel/smp.c | 2 +- kernel/time/tick-sched.c | 12 ++++++------ kernel/trace/trace_benchmark.c | 2 +- mm/damon/core.c | 2 +- net/core/dev.c | 2 +- net/core/xdp.c | 2 +- net/devlink/trap.c | 2 +- net/openvswitch/actions.c | 2 +- net/openvswitch/datapath.c | 2 +- net/sctp/outqueue.c | 2 +- net/tipc/node.c | 2 +- 35 files changed, 74 insertions(+), 62 deletions(-) -- 2.53.0

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PENJUAL OBAT ABORSI BEKASI

by CYTOTEC 087776558899

⭐⭐PEMESANAN OBAT WHATSAPP⭐⭐ ☎️ KLIK LINK. ☎️ https://wa.me/6287776558899 💊OBAT ABORSI PENGGUGUR💊 TEMPAT CYTOTEC ASLI LINK KE LINK. 👇 Nomor telepon 087776558899 Obat Penggugur Kandungan BPOM adalah tempat yang bagus untuk membeli Cytotec, dan Anda perlu mengeluarkan banyak uang untuk membayarnya. Obat cytotec misoprostol 200mcg digunakan untuk mengobati mengguurkan dan janin kuat (Bandel) 100%. KAMI SIAP MENERIMA PESANAN KE SELURUH INDONESIA : 👉 OBAT penggugur kandungan Ambon, OBAT penggugur kandungan Banda Aceh, OBAT penggugur kandungan Bandung, OBAT penggugur kandungan Banjarbaru, OBAT penggugur kandungan Batam, OBAT penggugur kandungan Bau-Bau, OBAT penggugur kandungan Bengkulu, OBAT penggugur kandungan Binjai, OBAT penggugur kandungan Blitar, OBAT penggugur kandungan Bontang, OBAT penggugur kandungan Cilegon, OBAT penggugur kandungan Cirebon, OBAT penggugur kandungan Depok, OBAT penggugur kandungan Gorontalo, OBAT penggugur OBAT penggugur kandungan Jayapura, OBAT penggugur kandungan Kendari, OBAT penggugur kandungan Kota Mobagu, OBAT penggugur kandungan Kupang, OBAT penggugur kandungan Lhokseumawe, OBAT penggugur kandungan Madiun, OBAT penggugur kandungan Makasar, OBAT penggugur kandungan Manado, OBAT penggugur kandungan Metro, OBAT penggugur kandungan Mojokerto, OBAT penggugur kandungan Panjang, OBAT penggugur kandungan Pagar Alam, OBAT penggugur kandungan Palembang, OBAT penggugur kandungan Palu, OBAT penggugur candungan Pare Pare, OBAT penggugur candungan Pasuruan, OBAT penggugur kandungan Pekalongan, OBAT penggugur kandungan Pematang Siantar, OBAT penggugur kandungan Prabumulih, OBAT penggugur kandungan Purwokerto, OBAT penggugur kandungan Salatiga, OBAT penggugur kandungan Semarang, OBAT penggugur kandungan Sibolga, Solok, OBAT penggugur kandungan Subulussalam, OBAT penggugur kandungan Penuh, OBAT penggugur kandungan Tangerang, OBAT penggugur kandungan Tanjung Pinang, OBAT penggugur kandungan Tasikmalaya, OBAT penggugur kandungan Tebing Tinggi, OBAT penggugur kandungan Ternate, OBAT penggugur kandungan Tomohon, OBAT penggugur candungan Yogyakarta/Jogja, OBAT penggugur candungan Tual, OBAT pengguguur candungan Tidore Kepulauan, OBAT penggugur candungan Tanjung Balai, OBAT pengguguur candungan Tegal, OBAT pengguguur candungan Tarakan, OBAT penggugur candungan Tangerang Selatan, OBAT penggugur kandungan Surakarta, OBAT penggugur kandungan Sukabumi, OBAT penggugur kandungan Sorong, OBAT penggugur kandungan Singkawang, OBAT penggugur kandungan Serang, OBAT penggugur kandungan Samarinda, OBAT penggugur kandungan Sabang, OBAT penggugur kandungan Probolinggo, OBAT penggugur kandungan Pariaman, OBAT penggugur kandungan Pangkal Pinang, OBAT penggugur kandungan Palopo, OBAT penggugur kandungan Palangkaraya, OBAT penggugur kandungan Padang Sidempuan, OBAT penggugur kandungan Padang, OBAT penggugur kandungan Meulaboh, OBAT penggugur kandungan Mataram, OBAT penggugur kandungan Malang, OBAT penggugur kandungan Magelang, OBAT penggugur kandungan Lubuk Linggau, OBAT penggugur kandungan Langsa, OBAT penggugur kandungan Kota Surabaya, OBAT penggugur kandungan Kota Medan, OBAT penggugur kandungan Kediri, OBAT penggugur kandungan Jambi, OBAT penggugur kandungan Sawah Lunto, OBAT ABORSI Dumai,OBAT penggugur kandungan Denpasar,OBAT penggugur kandungan Cimahi, OBAT penggugur kandungan Bukit Tinggi, OBAT penggugur kandungan Bogor, OBAT penggugur kandungan Bitung, OBAT penggugur kandungan Bima, OBAT penggugur kandungan Bekasi, OBAT penggugur kandungan Batu, OBAT penggugur kandungan Banjarmasin, OBAT penggugur kandungan Banjar, OBAT penggugur kandungan Lampung, OBAT penggugur kandungan Balikpapan, OBAT penggugur kandungan Jepara, OBAT penggugur kandungan Sukoharjo, OBAT gugur kandungan Klaten, OBAT gugur kandungan Sragen, OBAT gugur OBAT gugur kandungan Solo, OBAT gugur kandungan Boyolali, OBAT gugur kandungan Sukabumi, OBAT gugur kandungan Ciamis, OBAT gugur kandungan Cianjur, OBAT gugur kandungan Subang, OBAT gugur kandungan Purwakarta, OBAT gugur kandungan Purwakarta, OBAT gugur kandungan Boyolali, OBAT gugur kandungan Sukabumi OBAT gugur kandungan Gresik, OBAT gugur kandungan kandungan Kediri, OBAT gugur kandungan Lamongan, OBAT gugur kandungan Tuban, OBAT gugur kandungan Bojonegoro, OBAT gugur kandungan Jember, OBAT gugur kandungan Bali, OBAT gugur kandungan Bali, OBAT gugur kandungan Makasar, OBAT gugur kandungan Balikpapan, OBAT gugur kandungan Banjarmasin, OBAT gugur kandungan Jambi, OBAT gugur kandungan Wonosobo, Obat penggugur kandungan di apotik, obat penggugur kandungan postinor, cara Menggugurkan kandungan,

1 month, 3 weeks

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PENJUAL OBAT ABORSI JAMBI

by CYTOTEC 087776558899

⭐⭐PEMESANAN OBAT WHATSAPP⭐⭐ ☎️ KLIK LINK. ☎️ https://wa.me/6287776558899 💊OBAT ABORSI PENGGUGUR💊 TEMPAT CYTOTEC ASLI LINK KE LINK. 👇 Nomor telepon 087776558899 Obat Penggugur Kandungan BPOM adalah tempat yang bagus untuk membeli Cytotec, dan Anda perlu mengeluarkan banyak uang untuk membayarnya. Obat cytotec misoprostol 200mcg digunakan untuk mengobati mengguurkan dan janin kuat (Bandel) 100%. KAMI SIAP MENERIMA PESANAN KE SELURUH INDONESIA : 👉 OBAT penggugur kandungan Ambon, OBAT penggugur kandungan Banda Aceh, OBAT penggugur kandungan Bandung, OBAT penggugur kandungan Banjarbaru, OBAT penggugur kandungan Batam, OBAT penggugur kandungan Bau-Bau, OBAT penggugur kandungan Bengkulu, OBAT penggugur kandungan Binjai, OBAT penggugur kandungan Blitar, OBAT penggugur kandungan Bontang, OBAT penggugur kandungan Cilegon, OBAT penggugur kandungan Cirebon, OBAT penggugur kandungan Depok, OBAT penggugur kandungan Gorontalo, OBAT penggugur OBAT penggugur kandungan Jayapura, OBAT penggugur kandungan Kendari, OBAT penggugur kandungan Kota Mobagu, OBAT penggugur kandungan Kupang, OBAT penggugur kandungan Lhokseumawe, OBAT penggugur kandungan Madiun, OBAT penggugur kandungan Makasar, OBAT penggugur kandungan Manado, OBAT penggugur kandungan Metro, OBAT penggugur kandungan Mojokerto, OBAT penggugur kandungan Panjang, OBAT penggugur kandungan Pagar Alam, OBAT penggugur kandungan Palembang, OBAT penggugur kandungan Palu, OBAT penggugur candungan Pare Pare, OBAT penggugur candungan Pasuruan, OBAT penggugur kandungan Pekalongan, OBAT penggugur kandungan Pematang Siantar, OBAT penggugur kandungan Prabumulih, OBAT penggugur kandungan Purwokerto, OBAT penggugur kandungan Salatiga, OBAT penggugur kandungan Semarang, OBAT penggugur kandungan Sibolga, Solok, OBAT penggugur kandungan Subulussalam, OBAT penggugur kandungan Penuh, OBAT penggugur kandungan Tangerang, OBAT penggugur kandungan Tanjung Pinang, OBAT penggugur kandungan Tasikmalaya, OBAT penggugur kandungan Tebing Tinggi, OBAT penggugur kandungan Ternate, OBAT penggugur kandungan Tomohon, OBAT penggugur candungan Yogyakarta/Jogja, OBAT penggugur candungan Tual, OBAT pengguguur candungan Tidore Kepulauan, OBAT penggugur candungan Tanjung Balai, OBAT pengguguur candungan Tegal, OBAT pengguguur candungan Tarakan, OBAT penggugur candungan Tangerang Selatan, OBAT penggugur kandungan Surakarta, OBAT penggugur kandungan Sukabumi, OBAT penggugur kandungan Sorong, OBAT penggugur kandungan Singkawang, OBAT penggugur kandungan Serang, OBAT penggugur kandungan Samarinda, OBAT penggugur kandungan Sabang, OBAT penggugur kandungan Probolinggo, OBAT penggugur kandungan Pariaman, OBAT penggugur kandungan Pangkal Pinang, OBAT penggugur kandungan Palopo, OBAT penggugur kandungan Palangkaraya, OBAT penggugur kandungan Padang Sidempuan, OBAT penggugur kandungan Padang, OBAT penggugur kandungan Meulaboh, OBAT penggugur kandungan Mataram, OBAT penggugur kandungan Malang, OBAT penggugur kandungan Magelang, OBAT penggugur kandungan Lubuk Linggau, OBAT penggugur kandungan Langsa, OBAT penggugur kandungan Kota Surabaya, OBAT penggugur kandungan Kota Medan, OBAT penggugur kandungan Kediri, OBAT penggugur kandungan Jambi, OBAT penggugur kandungan Sawah Lunto, OBAT ABORSI Dumai,OBAT penggugur kandungan Denpasar,OBAT penggugur kandungan Cimahi, OBAT penggugur kandungan Bukit Tinggi, OBAT penggugur kandungan Bogor, OBAT penggugur kandungan Bitung, OBAT penggugur kandungan Bima, OBAT penggugur kandungan Bekasi, OBAT penggugur kandungan Batu, OBAT penggugur kandungan Banjarmasin, OBAT penggugur kandungan Banjar, OBAT penggugur kandungan Lampung, OBAT penggugur kandungan Balikpapan, OBAT penggugur kandungan Jepara, OBAT penggugur kandungan Sukoharjo, OBAT gugur kandungan Klaten, OBAT gugur kandungan Sragen, OBAT gugur OBAT gugur kandungan Solo, OBAT gugur kandungan Boyolali, OBAT gugur kandungan Sukabumi, OBAT gugur kandungan Ciamis, OBAT gugur kandungan Cianjur, OBAT gugur kandungan Subang, OBAT gugur kandungan Purwakarta, OBAT gugur kandungan Purwakarta, OBAT gugur kandungan Boyolali, OBAT gugur kandungan Sukabumi OBAT gugur kandungan Gresik, OBAT gugur kandungan kandungan Kediri, OBAT gugur kandungan Lamongan, OBAT gugur kandungan Tuban, OBAT gugur kandungan Bojonegoro, OBAT gugur kandungan Jember, OBAT gugur kandungan Bali, OBAT gugur kandungan Bali, OBAT gugur kandungan Makasar, OBAT gugur kandungan Balikpapan, OBAT gugur kandungan Banjarmasin, OBAT gugur kandungan Jambi, OBAT gugur kandungan Wonosobo, Obat penggugur kandungan di apotik, obat penggugur kandungan postinor, cara Menggugurkan kandungan,

1 month, 3 weeks

1
0
0 0

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