Linaro-mm-sig April 2026

linaro-mm-sig@lists.linaro.org

91 participants
220 discussions

Living a Thousand Lives: Exploring the Quirky World of BitLife

by vast.stoat.yach＠hidingmail.net

Have you ever wondered what your life would look like if you made entirely different choices? Life simulation games have always been a fascinating genre for gamers, but few capture the unpredictable, hilarious, and sometimes chaotic nature of existence quite like Bitlife. Instead of relying on heavy 3D graphics, it is a text-based simulator that focuses entirely on the ripple effects of your decisions. It’s perfect for casual gaming sessions, so let's dive into how to play and get the most out of this quirky experience. https://bitlifefree.io/ Gameplay: Growing Up, One Year at a Time The premise of the game is incredibly simple but highly addictive. You are born with a random set of basic stats—Happiness, Health, Smarts, and Looks—in a random country to random parents. From there, you control your character's life year by year simply by tapping the "Age" button. In your early years, your choices are understandably limited to things like interacting with your parents, going to the doctor, or playing with pets. But as you grow into a teenager and an adult, the world completely opens up. You can choose to study hard, drop out, date, travel the world, buy real estate, or even turn to a life of crime. Every year, the game throws random scenarios at you: a classmate might insult you, you might be offered a questionable substance at a party, or you might find a wallet on the street. How you react directly impacts your stats and future opportunities. You might even have to pass mini-games, like navigating a maze for your driving test or escaping from prison. The ultimate goal is simply to live your life until your character passes away, leaving behind a unique legacy and a tombstone summarizing your deeds. Tips for a Great Experience If you are just starting out, here are a few tips to make your virtual life more successful—or at least more entertaining: Keep an eye on your core stats: Your Health and Happiness are crucial. If they drop too low, your character might face early health issues. Go to the gym, meditate, go to the movies, or spend time with family to keep these bars in the green. Education pays off (usually): If you want a high-paying, stable career like a doctor, judge, or CEO, use the "Study harder" option every year during school. Read books at the library to passively boost your Smarts stat. Hunt for Ribbons: At the end of every life, you are awarded a ribbon based on how you lived (e.g., "Hero," "Scandalous," "Lazy," or "Rich"). Trying to collect all the different ribbons is a great way to give yourself specific goals. Don't be afraid of the absurd: The real charm of the game is in its wild unpredictability. Sometimes, making terrible choices, trying to become a famous actor, or buying a crazy exotic pet leads to the most memorable playthroughs. Don't always play it safe! Conclusion Ultimately, the beauty of this simulator lies in its endless replayability. Every time you hit the button to start a new life, it is a completely blank slate. You can be a saint in one lifetime and an absolute menace to society in the next. Whether you have five minutes to kill on a bus commute or an hour to craft a sprawling, multi-generational family dynasty, diving into Bitlife offers a fun, lighthearted escape into a world where you pull all the strings. Give it a try, and see exactly where your choices take you!

2 days

Re: [PATCH] drm: docs: Remove item from TODO list

by Maxime Ripard

Hi, On Mon, Oct 23, 2023 at 10:25:50AM -0700, Doug Anderson wrote: > On Mon, Oct 23, 2023 at 9:31 AM Yuran Pereira <yuran.pereira(a)hotmail.com> wrote: > > > > Since "Clean up checks for already prepared/enabled in panels" has > > already been done and merged [1], I think there is no longer a need > > for this item to be in the gpu TODO. > > > > [1] https://patchwork.freedesktop.org/patch/551421/ > > > > Signed-off-by: Yuran Pereira <yuran.pereira(a)hotmail.com> > > --- > > Documentation/gpu/todo.rst | 25 ------------------------- > > 1 file changed, 25 deletions(-) > > It's not actually all done. It's in a bit of a limbo state right now, > unfortunately. I landed all of the "simple" cases where panels were > needlessly tracking prepare/enable, but the less simple cases are > still outstanding. > > Specifically the issue is that many panels have code to properly power > cycle themselves off at shutdown time and in order to do that they > need to keep track of the prepare/enable state. After a big, long > discussion [1] it was decided that we could get rid of all the panel > code handling shutdown if only all relevant DRM KMS drivers would > properly call drm_atomic_helper_shutdown(). > > I made an attempt to get DRM KMS drivers to call > drm_atomic_helper_shutdown() [2] [3] [4]. I was able to land the > patches that went through drm-misc, but currently many of the > non-drm-misc ones are blocked waiting for attention. > > ...so things that could be done to help out: > > a) Could review patches that haven't landed in [4]. Maybe adding a > Reviewed-by tag would help wake up maintainers? > > b) Could see if you can identify panels that are exclusively used w/ > DRM drivers that have already been converted and then we could post > patches for just those panels. I have no idea how easy this task would > be. Is it enough to look at upstream dts files by "compatible" string? I think it is, yes. Maxime

3 days, 4 hours

Why Choose Cryptera Chain Signals for DeFi Hack Recovery

by luisannete22＠gmail.com

DeFi hacks are rampant in 2026, but Cryptera Chain Signals specializes in recoveries, making them a top choice. This explores why, with educational depth. Their multi chain proficiency covers exploits like flash loans. Tracing involves contract disassembly, identifying vulnerabilities post hack. Collaborations with protocols enable bounties or freezes. Educatively, they teach on insurance like Nexus Mutual. Choosing them means proven results and client centric service. For DeFi recovery, Cryptera Chain Signals intervenes with precise forensics. Visit https://www.crypterachainsignals.com/, contact info(a)crypterachainsignals.com. They stand out for DeFi victims.

4 days, 10 hours

Cryptera Chain Signals Summary – Focus On Transparency During Recovery Process

by Yulie Morgan

After experiencing a bridge exploit I worked with Cryptera Chain Signals to understand the movement of funds. Their process was transparent from day one: secure intake, detailed mapping with multi-layer attribution, and regular updates with visual explanations. They showed how cross-chain hops complicated the trail and why some paths reach natural limits. The educational discussions helped me grasp broader concepts — immutable records, pattern detection, and behavioral analysis. Rather than technical overload, the explanations focused on what each step revealed about the incident. Recovery options were limited by timing, but the clarity removed guesswork. I particularly appreciated the practical security advice that followed: hardware wallet recommendations, seed phrase protection, and checks for anomalous activity. These became part of my routine. The engagement was professional, informative, and free of pressure. It provided both a factual account of the loss and lasting insights into safer crypto practices. Cryptera Chain Signals Website: https://www.crypterachainsignals.com Email: info(a)crypterachainsignals.com

4 days, 10 hours

[PATCH v3 00/10] Add dmabuf read/write via io_uring

by Pavel Begunkov

The patch set allows to register a dmabuf to an io_uring instance for a specified file and use it with io_uring read / write requests. The infrastructure is not tied to io_uring and there could be more users in the future. A similar idea was attempted some years ago by Keith [1], from where I borrowed a good number of changes, and later was brough up by Tushar and Vishal from Intel. It's an opt-in feature for files, and they need to implement a new file operation to use it. Only NVMe block devices are supported in this series. The user API is built on top of io_uring's "registered buffers", where a dmabuf is registered in a special way, but after it can be used as any other "registered buffer" with IORING_OP_{READ,WRITE}_FIXED requests. It's created via a new file operation and the resulted map is then passed through the I/O stack in a new iterator type. There is some additional infrastructure to bind it all, which also counts requests using a dmabuf map and managing lifetimes, which is used to implement map invalidation. It was tested for GPU <-> NVMe transfers. Also, as it maintains a long-term dma mapping, it helps with the IOMMU cost. The numbers below are for udmabuf reads previously run by Anuj for different IOMMU modes: - STRICT: before = 570 KIOPS, after = 5.01 MIOPS - LAZY: before = 1.93 MIOPS, after = 5.01 MIOPS - PASSTHROUGH: before = 5.01 MIOPS, after = 5.01 MIOPS There are some liburing tests that can serve as an example: git: https://github.com/isilence/liburing.git rw-dmabuf-tests-v3 url: https://github.com/isilence/liburing/tree/rw-dmabuf-tests-v3 [1] https://lore.kernel.org/io-uring/20220805162444.3985535-1-kbusch@fb.com/ v3: - Rework io_uring registration - Move token/map infrastructure code out of blk-mq - Simplify callbacks: remove a separate blk-mq table, which was mostly just forwarding calls (to nvme). - Don't skip dma sync depending on request direction - Fix a couple of hangs - Rename s/dma/dmabuf/ - Other small changes v2: - Don't pass raw dma addresses, wrap it into a driver specific object - Split into two objects: token and map - Implement move_notify Pavel Begunkov (10): file: add callback for creating long-term dmabuf maps iov_iter: add iterator type for dmabuf maps block: move bvec init into __bio_clone block: introduce dma map backed bio type lib: add dmabuf token infrastructure block: forward create_dmabuf_token to drivers nvme-pci: implement dma_token backed requests io_uring/rsrc: introduce buf registration structure io_uring/rsrc: extend buffer update io_uring/rsrc: add dmabuf backed registered buffers block/bio.c | 28 +++- block/blk-merge.c | 14 ++ block/blk.h | 3 +- block/fops.c | 16 ++ drivers/nvme/host/pci.c | 282 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ include/linux/bio.h | 19 ++- include/linux/blk-mq.h | 9 + include/linux/blk_types.h | 8 +- include/linux/fs.h | 2 + include/linux/io_dmabuf_token.h | 92 +++++++++++ include/linux/io_uring_types.h | 5 + include/linux/uio.h | 11 ++ include/uapi/linux/io_uring.h | 31 +++- io_uring/io_uring.c | 3 +- io_uring/rsrc.c | 266 +++++++++++++++++++++++++----- io_uring/rsrc.h | 30 +++- io_uring/rw.c | 4 +- lib/Kconfig | 4 + lib/Makefile | 2 + lib/io_dmabuf_token.c | 272 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ lib/iov_iter.c | 29 +++- 21 files changed, 1071 insertions(+), 59 deletions(-) create mode 100644 include/linux/io_dmabuf_token.h create mode 100644 lib/io_dmabuf_token.c -- 2.53.0

1 week, 4 days

Independence for dma_fences! v6

by Christian König

Hi everyone, dma_fences have ever lived under the tyranny dictated by the module lifetime of their issuer, leading to crashes should anybody still holding a reference to a dma_fence when the module of the issuer was unloaded. The basic problem is that when buffer are shared between drivers dma_fence objects can leak into external drivers and stay there even after they are signaled. The dma_resv object for example only lazy releases dma_fences. So what happens is that when the module who originally created the dma_fence unloads the dma_fence_ops function table becomes unavailable as well and so any attempt to release the fence crashes the system. Previously various approaches have been discussed, including changing the locking semantics of the dma_fence callbacks (by me) as well as using the drm scheduler as intermediate layer (by Sima) to disconnect dma_fences from their actual users, but none of them are actually solving all problems. Tvrtko did some really nice prerequisite work by protecting the returned strings of the dma_fence_ops by RCU. This way dma_fence creators where able to just wait for an RCU grace period after fence signaling before they could be save to free those data structures. Now this patch set here goes a step further and protects the whole dma_fence_ops structure by RCU, so that after the fence signals the pointer to the dma_fence_ops is set to NULL when there is no wait nor release callback given. All functionality which use the dma_fence_ops reference are put inside an RCU critical section, except for the deprecated issuer specific wait and of course the optional release callback. Additional to the RCU changes the lock protecting the dma_fence state previously had to be allocated external. This set here now changes the functionality to make that external lock optional and allows dma_fences to use an inline lock and be self contained. v4: Rebases the whole set on upstream changes, especially the cleanup from Philip in patch "drm/amdgpu: independence for the amdkfd_fence!". Adding two patches which brings the DMA-fence self tests up to date. The first selftest changes removes the mock_wait and so actually starts testing the default behavior instead of some hacky implementation in the test. This one got upstreamed independent of this set. The second drops the mock_fence as well and tests the new RCU and inline spinlock functionality. v5: Rebase on top of drm-misc-next instead of drm-tip, leave out all driver changes for now since those should go through the driver specific paths anyway. Address a few more review comments, especially some rebase mess and typos. And finally fix one more bug found by AMDs CI system. v6: Minor style changes, re-ordered patch #1, dropped the scheduler fence change for now Please review and comment, Christian.

1 week, 5 days

Re: [RFC PATCH 10/30] vfio/pci: Export vfio dma-buf specific info for importers

by Jason Gunthorpe

On Thu, May 29, 2025 at 01:34:53PM +0800, Xu Yilun wrote: > Export vfio dma-buf specific info by attaching vfio_dma_buf_data in > struct dma_buf::priv. Provide a helper vfio_dma_buf_get_data() for > importers to fetch these data. Exporters identify VFIO dma-buf by > successfully getting these data. > > VFIO dma-buf supports disabling host access to these exported MMIO > regions when the device is converted to private. Exporters like KVM > need to identify this type of dma-buf to decide if it is good to use. > KVM only allows host unaccessible MMIO regions been mapped in private > roots. > > Export struct kvm * handler attached to the vfio device. This > allows KVM to do another sanity check. MMIO should only be assigned to > a CoCo VM if its owner device is already assigned to the same VM. This doesn't seem right, it should be encapsulated into the standard DMABUF API in some way. Jason

1 week, 5 days

[PATCH] dma-buf: fix stale @lock references in struct dma_buf documentation

by Xiang Gao

From: Xiang Gao <gaoxiang17(a)xiaomi.com> The kernel-doc comments for vmapping_counter and vmap_ptr in struct dma_buf reference "@lock" as the protecting lock, but struct dma_buf no longer has a "lock" member. The mutex was removed in favor of using the dma_resv lock exclusively. The implementation correctly uses dma_resv_assert_held(dmabuf->resv) in dma_buf_vmap() and dma_buf_vunmap(), so update the documentation to reference @resv instead. Signed-off-by: gaoxiang17 <gaoxiang17(a)xiaomi.com> --- include/linux/dma-buf.h | 4 ++-- 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-) diff --git a/include/linux/dma-buf.h b/include/linux/dma-buf.h index 133b9e637b55..ef6d93fd7a2c 100644 --- a/include/linux/dma-buf.h +++ b/include/linux/dma-buf.h @@ -322,13 +322,13 @@ struct dma_buf { * @vmapping_counter: * * Used internally to refcnt the vmaps returned by dma_buf_vmap(). - * Protected by @lock. + * Protected by @resv. */ unsigned vmapping_counter; /** * @vmap_ptr: - * The current vmap ptr if @vmapping_counter > 0. Protected by @lock. + * The current vmap ptr if @vmapping_counter > 0. Protected by @resv. */ struct iosys_map vmap_ptr; -- 2.34.1

2 weeks, 3 days

[PATCH v18 00/42] DEPT(DEPendency Tracker)

by Byungchul Park

I'm happy to see that DEPT reported real problems in practice: https://lore.kernel.org/lkml/6383cde5-cf4b-facf-6e07-1378a485657d@I-love.SA… https://lore.kernel.org/lkml/1674268856-31807-1-git-send-email-byungchul.pa… https://lore.kernel.org/all/b6e00e77-4a8c-4e05-ab79-266bf05fcc2d@igalia.com/ I’ve added documentation describing DEPT — this should help you understand what DEPT is and how it works. You can use DEPT simply by enabling CONFIG_DEPT and checking dmesg at runtime. --- Hi Linus and folks, I’ve been developing a tool to detect deadlock possibilities by tracking waits/events — rather than lock acquisition order — to cover all the synchronization mechanisms. To summarize the design rationale, starting from the problem statement, through analysis, to the solution: CURRENT STATUS -------------- Lockdep tracks lock acquisition order to identify deadlock conditions. Additionally, it tracks IRQ state changes — via {en,dis}able — to detect cases where locks are acquired unintentionally during interrupt handling. PROBLEM ------- Waits and their associated events that are never reachable can eventually lead to deadlocks. However, since Lockdep focuses solely on lock acquisition order, it has inherent limitations when handling waits and events. Moreover, by tracking only lock acquisition order, Lockdep cannot properly handle read locks or cross-event scenarios — such as wait_for_completion() and complete() — making it increasingly inadequate as a general-purpose deadlock detection tool. SOLUTION -------- Once again, waits and their associated events that are never reachable can eventually lead to deadlocks. The new solution, DEPT, focuses directly on waits and events. DEPT monitors waits and events, and reports them when any become unreachable. DEPT provides: * Correct handling of read locks. * Support for general waits and events. * Continuous operation, even after multiple reports. * Simple, intuitive annotation APIs. There are still false positives, and some are already being worked on for suppression. Especially splitting the folio class into several appropriate classes e.g. block device mapping class and regular file mapping class, is currently under active development by me and Yeoreum Yun. Anyway, these efforts will need to continue for a while, as we’ve seen with lockdep over two decades. DEPT is tagged as EXPERIMENTAL in Kconfig — meaning it’s not yet suitable for use as an automation tool. However, for those who are interested in using DEPT to analyze complex synchronization patterns and extract dependency insights, DEPT would be a great tool for the purpose. Thanks for your support and contributions to: Harry Yoo <harry.yoo(a)oracle.com> Gwan-gyeong Mun <gwan-gyeong.mun(a)intel.com> Yunseong Kim <ysk(a)kzalloc.com> Yeoreum Yun <yeoreum.yun(a)arm.com> FAQ --- Q. Is this the first attempt to solve this problem? A. No. The cross-release feature (commit b09be676e0ff2) attempted to address it — as a Lockdep extension. It was merged, but quickly reverted, because: While it uncovered valuable hidden issues, it also introduced false positives. Since these false positives mask further real problems with Lockdep — and developers strongly dislike them — the feature was rolled back. Q. Why wasn’t DEPT built as a Lockdep extension? A. Lockdep is the result of years of work by kernel developers — and is now very stable. But I chose to build DEPT separately, because: While reusing BFS(Breadth First Search) and Lockdep’s hashing is beneficial, the rest of the system must be rebuilt from scratch to align with DEPT’s wait-event model — since Lockdep was originally designed for tracking lock acquisition orders, not wait-event dependencies. Q. Do you plan to replace Lockdep entirely? A. Not at all — Lockdep still plays a vital role in validating correct lock usage. While its dependency-checking logic should eventually be superseded by DEPT, the rest of its functionality should stay. Q. Should we replace the dependency check immediately? A. Absolutely not. Lockdep’s stability is the result of years of hard work by kernel developers. Lockdep and DEPT should run side by side until DEPT matures. Q. Stronger detection often leads to more false positives — which was a major pain point when cross-release was added. Is DEPT designed to handle this? A. Yes. DEPT’s simple, generalized design enables flexible reporting — so while false positives still need fixing, they’re far less disruptive than they were under the Lockdep extension, cross-release. Q. Why not fix all false positives out-of-tree before merging? A. Since the affected subsystems span the entire kernel, like Lockdep, which has relied on annotations to avoid false positives over the last two decades, DEPT too will require the annotation efforts. Performing annotation work within the mainline will help us add annotations more appropriately and will also make DEPT a useful tool for a wider range of users more quickly. CONFIG_DEPT is marked EXPERIMENTAL, so it’s opt-in. Some users are already interested in using DEPT to analyze complex synchronization patterns and extract dependency insights. Byungchul --- Changes from v17: 1. Rebase on the mainline as of 2025 Dec 5. 2. Convert the documents' format from txt to rst. (feedbacked by Jonathan Corbet and Bagas Sanjaya) 3. Move the documents from 'Documentation/dependency' to 'Documentation/dev-tools'. (feedbakced by Jonathan Corbet) 4. Improve the documentation. (feedbacked by NeilBrown) 5. Use a common function, enter_from_user_mode(), instead of arch specific code, to notice context switch from user mode. (feedbacked by Dave Hansen, Mark Rutland, and Mark Brown) 6. Resolve the header dependency issue by using dept's internal header, instead of relocating 'struct llist_{head,node}' to another header. (feedbacked by Greg KH) 7. Improve page(or folio) usage type APIs. 8. Add rust helper for wait_for_completion(). (feedbacked by Guangbo Cui, Boqun Feng, and Danilo Krummrich) 9. Refine some commit messages. Changes from v16: 1. Rebase on v6.17. 2. Fix a false positive from rcu (by Yunseong Kim) 3. Introduce APIs to set page's usage, dept_set_page_usage() and dept_reset_page_usage() to avoid false positives. 4. Consider lock_page() as a potential wait unconditionally. 5. Consider folio_lock_killable() as a potential wait unconditionally. 6. Add support for tracking PG_writeback waits and events. 7. Fix two build errors due to the additional debug information added by dept. (by Yunseong Kim) Changes from v15: 1. Fix typo and improve comments and commit messages (feedbacked by ALOK TIWARI, Waiman Long, and kernel test robot). 2. Do not stop dept on detection of cicular dependency of recover event, allowing to keep reporting. 3. Add SK hynix to copyright. 4. Consider folio_lock() as a potential wait unconditionally. 5. Fix Kconfig dependency bug (feedbacked by kernel test rebot). 6. Do not suppress reports that involve classes even that have already involved in other reports, allowing to keep reporting. Changes from v14: 1. Rebase on the current latest, v6.15-rc6. 2. Refactor dept code. 3. With multi event sites for a single wait, even if an event forms a circular dependency, the event can be recovered by other event(or wake up) paths. Even though informing the circular dependency is worthy but it should be suppressed once informing it, if it doesn't lead an actual deadlock. So introduce APIs to annotate the relationship between event site and recover site, that are, event_site() and dept_recover_event(). 4. wait_for_completion() worked with dept map embedded in struct completion. However, it generates a few false positves since all the waits using the instance of struct completion, share the map and key. To avoid the false positves, make it not to share the map and key but each wait_for_completion() caller have its own key by default. Of course, external maps also can be used if needed. 5. Fix a bug about hardirq on/off tracing. 6. Implement basic unit test for dept. 7. Add more supports for dma fence synchronization. 8. Add emergency stop of dept e.g. on panic(). 9. Fix false positives by mmu_notifier_invalidate_*(). 10. Fix recursive call bug by DEPT_WARN_*() and DEPT_STOP(). 11. Fix trivial bugs in DEPT_WARN_*() and DEPT_STOP(). 12. Fix a bug that a spin lock, dept_pool_spin, is used in both contexts of irq disabled and enabled without irq disabled. 13. Suppress reports with classes, any of that already have been reported, even though they have different chains but being barely meaningful. 14. Print stacktrace of the wait that an event is now waking up, not only stacktrace of the event. 15. Make dept aware of lockdep_cmp_fn() that is used to avoid false positives in lockdep so that dept can also avoid them. 16. Do do_event() only if there are no ecxts have been delimited. 17. Fix a bug that was not synchronized for stage_m in struct dept_task, using a spin lock, dept_task()->stage_lock. 18. Fix a bug that dept didn't handle the case that multiple ttwus for a single waiter can be called at the same time e.i. a race issue. 19. Distinguish each kernel context from others, not only by system call but also by user oriented fault so that dept can work with more accuracy information about kernel context. That helps to avoid a few false positives. 20. Limit dept's working to x86_64 and arm64. Changes from v13: 1. Rebase on the current latest version, v6.9-rc7. 2. Add 'dept' documentation describing dept APIs. Changes from v12: 1. Refine the whole document for dept. 2. Add 'Interpret dept report' section in the document, using a deadlock report obtained in practice. Hope this version of document helps guys understand dept better. https://lore.kernel.org/lkml/6383cde5-cf4b-facf-6e07-1378a485657d@I-love.SA… https://lore.kernel.org/lkml/1674268856-31807-1-git-send-email-byungchul.pa… Changes from v11: 1. Add 'dept' documentation describing the concept of dept. 2. Rewrite the commit messages of the following commits for using weaker lockdep annotation, for better description. fs/jbd2: Use a weaker annotation in journal handling cpu/hotplug: Use a weaker annotation in AP thread (feedbacked by Thomas Gleixner) Changes from v10: 1. Fix noinstr warning when building kernel source. 2. dept has been reporting some false positives due to the folio lock's unfairness. Reflect it and make dept work based on dept annotaions instead of just wait and wake up primitives. 3. Remove the support for PG_writeback while working on 2. I will add the support later if needed. 4. dept didn't print stacktrace for [S] if the participant of a deadlock is not lock mechanism but general wait and event. However, it made hard to interpret the report in that case. So add support to print stacktrace of the requestor who asked the event context to run - usually a waiter of the event does it just before going to wait state. 5. Give up tracking raw_local_irq_{disable,enable}() since it totally messed up dept's irq tracking. So make it work in the same way as lockdep does. I will consider it once any false positives by those are observed again. 6. Change the manual rwsem_acquire_read(->j_trans_commit_map) annotation in fs/jbd2/transaction.c to the try version so that it works as much as it exactly needs. 7. Remove unnecessary 'inline' keyword in dept.c and add '__maybe_unused' to a needed place. Changes from v9: 1. Fix a bug. SDT tracking didn't work well because of my big mistake that I should've used waiter's map to indentify its class but it had been working with waker's one. FYI, PG_locked and PG_writeback weren't affected. They still worked well. (reported by YoungJun) Changes from v8: 1. Fix build error by adding EXPORT_SYMBOL(PG_locked_map) and EXPORT_SYMBOL(PG_writeback_map) for kernel module build - appologize for that. (reported by kernel test robot) 2. Fix build error by removing header file's circular dependency that was caused by "atomic.h", "kernel.h" and "irqflags.h", which I introduced - appolgize for that. (reported by kernel test robot) Changes from v7: 1. Fix a bug that cannot track rwlock dependency properly, introduced in v7. (reported by Boqun and lockdep selftest) 2. Track wait/event of PG_{locked,writeback} more aggressively assuming that when a bit of PG_{locked,writeback} is cleared there might be waits on the bit. (reported by Linus, Hillf and syzbot) 3. Fix and clean bad style code e.i. unnecessarily introduced a randome pattern and so on. (pointed out by Linux) 4. Clean code for applying dept to wait_for_completion(). Changes from v6: 1. Tie to task scheduler code to track sleep and try_to_wake_up() assuming sleeps cause waits, try_to_wake_up()s would be the events that those are waiting for, of course with proper dept annotations, sdt_might_sleep_weak(), sdt_might_sleep_strong() and so on. For these cases, class is classified at sleep entrance rather than the synchronization initialization code. Which would extremely reduce false alarms. 2. Remove the dept associated instance in each page struct for tracking dependencies by PG_locked and PG_writeback thanks to the 1. work above. 3. Introduce CONFIG_dept_AGGRESIVE_TIMEOUT_WAIT to suppress reports that waits with timeout set are involved, for those who don't like verbose reporting. 4. Add a mechanism to refill the internal memory pools on running out so that dept could keep working as long as free memory is available in the system. 5. Re-enable tracking hashed-waitqueue wait. That's going to no longer generate false positives because class is classified at sleep entrance rather than the waitqueue initailization. 6. Refactor to make it easier to port onto each new version of the kernel. 7. Apply dept to dma fence. 8. Do trivial optimizaitions. Changes from v5: 1. Use just pr_warn_once() rather than WARN_ONCE() on the lack of internal resources because WARN_*() printing stacktrace is too much for informing the lack. (feedback from Ted, Hyeonggon) 2. Fix trivial bugs like missing initializing a struct before using it. 3. Assign a different class per task when handling onstack variables for waitqueue or the like. Which makes dept distinguish between onstack variables of different tasks so as to prevent false positives. (reported by Hyeonggon) 4. Make dept aware of even raw_local_irq_*() to prevent false positives. (reported by Hyeonggon) 5. Don't consider dependencies between the events that might be triggered within __schedule() and the waits that requires __schedule(), real ones. (reported by Hyeonggon) 6. Unstage the staged wait that has prepare_to_wait_event()'ed *and* yet to get to __schedule(), if we encounter __schedule() in-between for another sleep, which is possible if e.g. a mutex_lock() exists in 'condition' of ___wait_event(). 7. Turn on CONFIG_PROVE_LOCKING when CONFIG_DEPT is on, to rely on the hardirq and softirq entrance tracing to make dept more portable for now. Changes from v4: 1. Fix some bugs that produce false alarms. 2. Distinguish each syscall context from another *for arm64*. 3. Make it not warn it but just print it in case dept ring buffer gets exhausted. (feedback from Hyeonggon) 4. Explicitely describe "EXPERIMENTAL" and "dept might produce false positive reports" in Kconfig. (feedback from Ted) Changes from v3: 1. dept shouldn't create dependencies between different depths of a class that were indicated by *_lock_nested(). dept normally doesn't but it does once another lock class comes in. So fixed it. (feedback from Hyeonggon) 2. dept considered a wait as a real wait once getting to __schedule() even if it has been set to TASK_RUNNING by wake up sources in advance. Fixed it so that dept doesn't consider the case as a real wait. (feedback from Jan Kara) 3. Stop tracking dependencies with a map once the event associated with the map has been handled. dept will start to work with the map again, on the next sleep. Changes from v2: 1. Disable dept on bit_wait_table[] in sched/wait_bit.c reporting a lot of false positives, which is my fault. Wait/event for bit_wait_table[] should've been tagged in a higher layer for better work, which is a future work. (feedback from Jan Kara) 2. Disable dept on crypto_larval's completion to prevent a false positive. Changes from v1: 1. Fix coding style and typo. (feedback from Steven) 2. Distinguish each work context from another in workqueue. 3. Skip checking lock acquisition with nest_lock, which is about correct lock usage that should be checked by lockdep. Changes from RFC(v0): 1. Prevent adding a wait tag at prepare_to_wait() but __schedule(). (feedback from Linus and Matthew) 2. Use try version at lockdep_acquire_cpus_lock() annotation. 3. Distinguish each syscall context from another. Byungchul Park (41): dept: implement DEPT(DEPendency Tracker) dept: add single event dependency tracker APIs dept: add lock dependency tracker APIs dept: tie to lockdep and IRQ tracing dept: add proc knobs to show stats and dependency graph dept: distinguish each kernel context from another dept: distinguish each work from another dept: add a mechanism to refill the internal memory pools on running out dept: record the latest one out of consecutive waits of the same class dept: apply sdt_might_sleep_{start,end}() to wait_for_completion()/complete() dept: apply sdt_might_sleep_{start,end}() to swait dept: apply sdt_might_sleep_{start,end}() to waitqueue wait dept: apply sdt_might_sleep_{start,end}() to hashed-waitqueue wait dept: apply sdt_might_sleep_{start,end}() to dma fence dept: track timeout waits separately with a new Kconfig dept: apply timeout consideration to wait_for_completion()/complete() dept: apply timeout consideration to swait dept: apply timeout consideration to waitqueue wait dept: apply timeout consideration to hashed-waitqueue wait dept: apply timeout consideration to dma fence wait dept: make dept able to work with an external wgen dept: track PG_locked with dept dept: print staged wait's stacktrace on report locking/lockdep: prevent various lockdep assertions when lockdep_off()'ed dept: add documents for dept cpu/hotplug: use a weaker annotation in AP thread dept: assign dept map to mmu notifier invalidation synchronization dept: assign unique dept_key to each distinct dma fence caller dept: make dept aware of lockdep_set_lock_cmp_fn() annotation dept: make dept stop from working on debug_locks_off() dept: assign unique dept_key to each distinct wait_for_completion() caller completion, dept: introduce init_completion_dmap() API dept: introduce a new type of dependency tracking between multi event sites dept: add module support for struct dept_event_site and dept_event_site_dep dept: introduce event_site() to disable event tracking if it's recoverable dept: implement a basic unit test for dept dept: call dept_hardirqs_off() in local_irq_*() regardless of irq state dept: introduce APIs to set page usage and use subclasses_evt for the usage dept: track PG_writeback with dept SUNRPC: relocate struct rcu_head to the first field of struct rpc_xprt mm: percpu: increase PERCPU_DYNAMIC_SIZE_SHIFT on DEPT and large PAGE_SIZE Yunseong Kim (1): rcu/update: fix same dept key collision between various types of RCU Documentation/dev-tools/dept.rst | 778 ++++++ Documentation/dev-tools/dept_api.rst | 125 + drivers/dma-buf/dma-fence.c | 23 +- include/asm-generic/vmlinux.lds.h | 13 +- include/linux/completion.h | 124 +- include/linux/dept.h | 402 +++ include/linux/dept_ldt.h | 78 + include/linux/dept_sdt.h | 68 + include/linux/dept_unit_test.h | 67 + include/linux/dma-fence.h | 74 +- include/linux/hardirq.h | 3 + include/linux/irq-entry-common.h | 4 + include/linux/irqflags.h | 21 +- include/linux/local_lock_internal.h | 1 + include/linux/lockdep.h | 105 +- include/linux/lockdep_types.h | 3 + include/linux/mm_types.h | 4 + include/linux/mmu_notifier.h | 26 + include/linux/module.h | 5 + include/linux/mutex.h | 1 + include/linux/page-flags.h | 217 +- include/linux/pagemap.h | 37 +- include/linux/percpu-rwsem.h | 2 +- include/linux/percpu.h | 4 + include/linux/rcupdate_wait.h | 13 +- include/linux/rtmutex.h | 1 + include/linux/rwlock_types.h | 1 + include/linux/rwsem.h | 1 + include/linux/sched.h | 118 + include/linux/seqlock.h | 2 +- include/linux/spinlock_types_raw.h | 3 + include/linux/srcu.h | 2 +- include/linux/sunrpc/xprt.h | 9 +- include/linux/swait.h | 3 + include/linux/wait.h | 3 + include/linux/wait_bit.h | 3 + init/init_task.c | 2 + init/main.c | 2 + kernel/Makefile | 1 + kernel/cpu.c | 2 +- kernel/dependency/Makefile | 5 + kernel/dependency/dept.c | 3499 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++ kernel/dependency/dept_hash.h | 10 + kernel/dependency/dept_internal.h | 314 +++ kernel/dependency/dept_object.h | 13 + kernel/dependency/dept_proc.c | 94 + kernel/dependency/dept_unit_test.c | 173 ++ kernel/exit.c | 1 + kernel/fork.c | 2 + kernel/locking/lockdep.c | 33 + kernel/module/main.c | 19 + kernel/rcu/rcu.h | 1 + kernel/rcu/update.c | 5 +- kernel/sched/completion.c | 62 +- kernel/sched/core.c | 9 + kernel/workqueue.c | 3 + lib/Kconfig.debug | 48 + lib/debug_locks.c | 2 + lib/locking-selftest.c | 2 + mm/filemap.c | 38 + mm/mm_init.c | 3 + mm/mmu_notifier.c | 31 +- rust/helpers/completion.c | 5 + 63 files changed, 6602 insertions(+), 121 deletions(-) create mode 100644 Documentation/dev-tools/dept.rst create mode 100644 Documentation/dev-tools/dept_api.rst create mode 100644 include/linux/dept.h create mode 100644 include/linux/dept_ldt.h create mode 100644 include/linux/dept_sdt.h create mode 100644 include/linux/dept_unit_test.h create mode 100644 kernel/dependency/Makefile create mode 100644 kernel/dependency/dept.c create mode 100644 kernel/dependency/dept_hash.h create mode 100644 kernel/dependency/dept_internal.h create mode 100644 kernel/dependency/dept_object.h create mode 100644 kernel/dependency/dept_proc.c create mode 100644 kernel/dependency/dept_unit_test.c base-commit: 43dfc13ca972988e620a6edb72956981b75ab6b0 -- 2.17.1

2 weeks, 6 days

Prepare to Rage Quit (and Maybe Love It): Diving into Level Devil

by graceful.earthworm.hsos＠hidingmail.com

So, you're looking for a new game to sink your teeth into? Something challenging, maybe a little bit infuriating, and definitely memorable? Look no further than Level Devil. This deceptively simple platformer is a masterclass in trickery, constantly changing the rules and keeping you on your toes. But don't be intimidated! With a little patience (and maybe a stress ball), you can conquer its devilish design. https://leveldevilfull.com Gameplay: Expect the Unexpected At its core, Level Devil is a 2D platformer. You control a little pixelated character tasked with reaching the exit door in each level. Sounds easy, right? Wrong. The beauty (and the frustration) lies in the unpredictable nature of the environment. Platforms crumble beneath your feet, spikes appear out of nowhere, and the ground itself can vanish unexpectedly. Each level introduces new challenges, forcing you to adapt your strategy on the fly. You'll encounter moving platforms, disappearing blocks, and even gravity-defying puzzles. The real kicker? The layout of the levels often changes on each attempt, meaning memorization alone won't cut it. You need to be quick-witted and reactive. The charm of Level Devil is its lack of hand-holding. There are no tutorials, no hints, and no mercy. You're thrown straight into the deep end, forced to learn from your mistakes (and trust me, there will be plenty). That feeling of finally overcoming a particularly difficult section is incredibly rewarding. It's a game that demands your full attention and rewards persistence. Tips for Taming the Devil While Level Devil thrives on its unpredictability, here are a few tips to help you navigate its treacherous landscape: • Patience is Key: This game is designed to test your limits. Don't get discouraged by frequent deaths. Treat each attempt as a learning experience. • Observe Carefully: Before making a move, take a moment to scan the environment. Look for subtle cues that might indicate impending danger. • Embrace Failure: You will die. A lot. Embrace it as part of the learning process. Each death provides valuable insight into the level's design. • Don't Overthink It: Sometimes, the solution is simpler than you think. Avoid overcomplicating your approach. • Take Breaks: If you find yourself getting too frustrated, step away from the game for a while. Come back with a fresh perspective. • Listen to the Sound: The game’s audio cues often hint at upcoming dangers. Pay close attention! Level Devil utilizes sound design to enhance the experience (and sometimes, to cleverly mislead you!). Conclusion: A Test of Skill and Sanity Level Devil isn't for the faint of heart. It's a challenging and often frustrating experience. However, it's also incredibly rewarding. The constant surprises, the need for quick thinking, and the sheer satisfaction of overcoming its devilish design make it a truly unique and memorable game. If you're looking for a platformer that will push you to your limits and leave you feeling accomplished, then Level Devil is definitely worth a try. Just be prepared to rage quit... and then come back for more.

3 weeks, 2 days

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Linaro-mm-sig April 2026