The patch titled
Subject: mm, swap: do not perform synchronous discard during allocation
has been added to the -mm mm-new branch. Its filename is
mm-swap-do-not-perform-synchronous-discard-during-allocation.patch
This patch will shortly appear at
https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/akpm/25-new.git/tree/patche…
This patch will later appear in the mm-new branch at
git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/akpm/mm
Note, mm-new is a provisional staging ground for work-in-progress
patches, and acceptance into mm-new is a notification for others take
notice and to finish up reviews. Please do not hesitate to respond to
review feedback and post updated versions to replace or incrementally
fixup patches in mm-new.
Before you just go and hit "reply", please:
a) Consider who else should be cc'ed
b) Prefer to cc a suitable mailing list as well
c) Ideally: find the original patch on the mailing list and do a
reply-to-all to that, adding suitable additional cc's
*** Remember to use Documentation/process/submit-checklist.rst when testing your code ***
The -mm tree is included into linux-next via the mm-everything
branch at git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/akpm/mm
and is updated there every 2-3 working days
------------------------------------------------------
From: Kairui Song <kasong(a)tencent.com>
Subject: mm, swap: do not perform synchronous discard during allocation
Date: Fri, 24 Oct 2025 02:34:11 +0800
Patch series "mm, swap: misc cleanup and bugfix", v2.
A few cleanups and a bugfix that are either suitable after the swap table
phase I or found during code review.
Patch 1 is a bugfix and needs to be included in the stable branch, the
rest have no behavioral change.
This patch (of 5):
Since commit 1b7e90020eb77 ("mm, swap: use percpu cluster as allocation
fast path"), swap allocation is protected by a local lock, which means we
can't do any sleeping calls during allocation.
However, the discard routine is not taken well care of. When the swap
allocator failed to find any usable cluster, it would look at the pending
discard cluster and try to issue some blocking discards. It may not
necessarily sleep, but the cond_resched at the bio layer indicates this is
wrong when combined with a local lock. And the bio GFP flag used for
discard bio is also wrong (not atomic).
It's arguable whether this synchronous discard is helpful at all. In most
cases, the async discard is good enough. And the swap allocator is doing
very differently at organizing the clusters since the recent change, so it
is very rare to see discard clusters piling up.
So far, no issues have been observed or reported with typical SSD setups
under months of high pressure. This issue was found during my code
review. But by hacking the kernel a bit: adding a mdelay(500) in the
async discard path, this issue will be observable with WARNING triggered
by the wrong GFP and cond_resched in the bio layer for debug builds.
So now let's apply a hotfix for this issue: remove the synchronous discard
in the swap allocation path. And when order 0 is failing with all cluster
list drained on all swap devices, try to do a discard following the swap
device priority list. If any discards released some cluster, try the
allocation again. This way, we can still avoid OOM due to swap failure if
the hardware is very slow and memory pressure is extremely high.
This may cause more fragmentation issues if the discarding hardware is
really slow. Ideally, we want to discard pending clusters before
continuing to iterate the fragment cluster lists. This can be implemented
in a cleaner way if we clean up the device list iteration part first.
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20251024-swap-clean-after-swap-table-p1-v2-0-a709…
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20251024-swap-clean-after-swap-table-p1-v2-1-c5b0…
Fixes: 1b7e90020eb77 ("mm, swap: use percpu cluster as allocation fast path")
Signed-off-by: Kairui Song <kasong(a)tencent.com>
Acked-by: Nhat Pham <nphamcs(a)gmail.com>
Cc: Baolin Wang <baolin.wang(a)linux.alibaba.com>
Cc: Baoquan He <bhe(a)redhat.com>
Cc: Barry Song <baohua(a)kernel.org>
Cc: Chris Li <chrisl(a)kernel.org>
Cc: David Hildenbrand <david(a)redhat.com>
Cc: "Huang, Ying" <ying.huang(a)linux.alibaba.com>
Cc: Kemeng Shi <shikemeng(a)huaweicloud.com>
Cc: Matthew Wilcox (Oracle) <willy(a)infradead.org>
Cc: <stable(a)vger.kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm(a)linux-foundation.org>
---
mm/swapfile.c | 40 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++-------
1 file changed, 33 insertions(+), 7 deletions(-)
--- a/mm/swapfile.c~mm-swap-do-not-perform-synchronous-discard-during-allocation
+++ a/mm/swapfile.c
@@ -1101,13 +1101,6 @@ new_cluster:
goto done;
}
- /*
- * We don't have free cluster but have some clusters in discarding,
- * do discard now and reclaim them.
- */
- if ((si->flags & SWP_PAGE_DISCARD) && swap_do_scheduled_discard(si))
- goto new_cluster;
-
if (order)
goto done;
@@ -1394,6 +1387,33 @@ start_over:
return false;
}
+/*
+ * Discard pending clusters in a synchronized way when under high pressure.
+ * Return: true if any cluster is discarded.
+ */
+static bool swap_sync_discard(void)
+{
+ bool ret = false;
+ int nid = numa_node_id();
+ struct swap_info_struct *si, *next;
+
+ spin_lock(&swap_avail_lock);
+ plist_for_each_entry_safe(si, next, &swap_avail_heads[nid], avail_lists[nid]) {
+ spin_unlock(&swap_avail_lock);
+ if (get_swap_device_info(si)) {
+ if (si->flags & SWP_PAGE_DISCARD)
+ ret = swap_do_scheduled_discard(si);
+ put_swap_device(si);
+ }
+ if (ret)
+ return true;
+ spin_lock(&swap_avail_lock);
+ }
+ spin_unlock(&swap_avail_lock);
+
+ return false;
+}
+
/**
* folio_alloc_swap - allocate swap space for a folio
* @folio: folio we want to move to swap
@@ -1432,11 +1452,17 @@ int folio_alloc_swap(struct folio *folio
}
}
+again:
local_lock(&percpu_swap_cluster.lock);
if (!swap_alloc_fast(&entry, order))
swap_alloc_slow(&entry, order);
local_unlock(&percpu_swap_cluster.lock);
+ if (unlikely(!order && !entry.val)) {
+ if (swap_sync_discard())
+ goto again;
+ }
+
/* Need to call this even if allocation failed, for MEMCG_SWAP_FAIL. */
if (mem_cgroup_try_charge_swap(folio, entry))
goto out_free;
_
Patches currently in -mm which might be from kasong(a)tencent.com are
mm-shmem-fix-thp-allocation-and-fallback-loop.patch
mm-swap-do-not-perform-synchronous-discard-during-allocation.patch
mm-swap-rename-helper-for-setup-bad-slots.patch
mm-swap-cleanup-swap-entry-allocation-parameter.patch
mm-migrate-swap-drop-usage-of-folio_index.patch
mm-swap-remove-redundant-argument-for-isolating-a-cluster.patch
The switch_brightness_work delayed work accesses device->brightness
and device->backlight, which are freed by
acpi_video_dev_unregister_backlight() during device removal.
If the work executes after acpi_video_bus_unregister_backlight()
frees these resources, it causes a use-after-free when
acpi_video_switch_brightness() dereferences device->brightness or
device->backlight.
Fix this by calling cancel_delayed_work_sync() for each device's
switch_brightness_work in acpi_video_bus_remove_notify_handler()
after removing the notify handler that queues the work. This ensures
the work completes before the memory is freed.
Fixes: 8ab58e8e7e097 ("ACPI / video: Fix backlight taking 2 steps on a brightness up/down keypress")
Cc: stable(a)vger.kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Yuhao Jiang <danisjiang(a)gmail.com>
---
Changes in v3:
- Move cancel_delayed_work_sync() to acpi_video_bus_remove_notify_handler()
instead of acpi_video_bus_unregister_backlight() for better logic placement
- Link to v2: https://lore.kernel.org/all/20251022042514.2167599-1-danisjiang@gmail.com/
---
drivers/acpi/acpi_video.c | 4 +++-
1 file changed, 3 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)
diff --git a/drivers/acpi/acpi_video.c b/drivers/acpi/acpi_video.c
index 103f29661576..be8e7e18abca 100644
--- a/drivers/acpi/acpi_video.c
+++ b/drivers/acpi/acpi_video.c
@@ -1959,8 +1959,10 @@ static void acpi_video_bus_remove_notify_handler(struct acpi_video_bus *video)
struct acpi_video_device *dev;
mutex_lock(&video->device_list_lock);
- list_for_each_entry(dev, &video->video_device_list, entry)
+ list_for_each_entry(dev, &video->video_device_list, entry) {
acpi_video_dev_remove_notify_handler(dev);
+ cancel_delayed_work_sync(&dev->switch_brightness_work);
+ }
mutex_unlock(&video->device_list_lock);
acpi_video_bus_stop_devices(video);
--
2.34.1
The SD current limit logic is updated to avoid explicitly setting the
current limit when the maximum power is 200mA (0.72W) or less, as this
is already the default value. The code now only issues a current limit
switch if a higher limit is required, and the unused
SD_SET_CURRENT_NO_CHANGE constant is removed. This reduces unnecessary
commands and simplifies the logic.
Fixes: 0aa6770000ba ("mmc: sdhci: only set 200mA support for 1.8v if 200mA is available")
Signed-off-by: Avri Altman <avri.altman(a)sandisk.com>
Cc: stable(a)vger.kernel.org
---
drivers/mmc/core/sd.c | 7 ++-----
include/linux/mmc/card.h | 1 -
2 files changed, 2 insertions(+), 6 deletions(-)
diff --git a/drivers/mmc/core/sd.c b/drivers/mmc/core/sd.c
index ec02067f03c5..cf92c5b2059a 100644
--- a/drivers/mmc/core/sd.c
+++ b/drivers/mmc/core/sd.c
@@ -554,7 +554,7 @@ static u32 sd_get_host_max_current(struct mmc_host *host)
static int sd_set_current_limit(struct mmc_card *card, u8 *status)
{
- int current_limit = SD_SET_CURRENT_NO_CHANGE;
+ int current_limit = SD_SET_CURRENT_LIMIT_200;
int err;
u32 max_current;
@@ -598,11 +598,8 @@ static int sd_set_current_limit(struct mmc_card *card, u8 *status)
else if (max_current >= 400 &&
card->sw_caps.sd3_curr_limit & SD_MAX_CURRENT_400)
current_limit = SD_SET_CURRENT_LIMIT_400;
- else if (max_current >= 200 &&
- card->sw_caps.sd3_curr_limit & SD_MAX_CURRENT_200)
- current_limit = SD_SET_CURRENT_LIMIT_200;
- if (current_limit != SD_SET_CURRENT_NO_CHANGE) {
+ if (current_limit != SD_SET_CURRENT_LIMIT_200) {
err = mmc_sd_switch(card, SD_SWITCH_SET, 3,
current_limit, status);
if (err)
diff --git a/include/linux/mmc/card.h b/include/linux/mmc/card.h
index ddcdf23d731c..e9e964c20e53 100644
--- a/include/linux/mmc/card.h
+++ b/include/linux/mmc/card.h
@@ -182,7 +182,6 @@ struct sd_switch_caps {
#define SD_SET_CURRENT_LIMIT_400 1
#define SD_SET_CURRENT_LIMIT_600 2
#define SD_SET_CURRENT_LIMIT_800 3
-#define SD_SET_CURRENT_NO_CHANGE (-1)
#define SD_MAX_CURRENT_200 (1 << SD_SET_CURRENT_LIMIT_200)
#define SD_MAX_CURRENT_400 (1 << SD_SET_CURRENT_LIMIT_400)
--
2.25.1
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From: Brian Norris <briannorris(a)google.com>
As the comments in pci_pm_thaw_noirq() suggest, pci_restore_state() may
need to restore MSI-X state in MMIO space. This is only possible if we
reach D0; if we failed to power up, this might produce a fatal error
when touching memory space.
Check for errors (as the "verify" in "pci_pm_power_up_and_verify_state"
implies), and skip restoring if it fails.
This mitigates errors seen during resume_noirq, for example, when the
platform did not resume the link properly.
Cc: stable(a)vger.kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Brian Norris <briannorris(a)google.com>
Signed-off-by: Brian Norris <briannorris(a)chromium.org>
---
drivers/pci/pci-driver.c | 12 +++++++++---
drivers/pci/pci.c | 13 +++++++++++--
drivers/pci/pci.h | 2 +-
3 files changed, 21 insertions(+), 6 deletions(-)
diff --git a/drivers/pci/pci-driver.c b/drivers/pci/pci-driver.c
index 302d61783f6c..d66d95bd0ca2 100644
--- a/drivers/pci/pci-driver.c
+++ b/drivers/pci/pci-driver.c
@@ -557,7 +557,13 @@ static void pci_pm_default_resume(struct pci_dev *pci_dev)
static void pci_pm_default_resume_early(struct pci_dev *pci_dev)
{
- pci_pm_power_up_and_verify_state(pci_dev);
+ /*
+ * If we failed to reach D0, we'd better not touch MSI-X state in MMIO
+ * space.
+ */
+ if (pci_pm_power_up_and_verify_state(pci_dev))
+ return;
+
pci_restore_state(pci_dev);
pci_pme_restore(pci_dev);
}
@@ -1101,8 +1107,8 @@ static int pci_pm_thaw_noirq(struct device *dev)
* in case the driver's "freeze" callbacks put it into a low-power
* state.
*/
- pci_pm_power_up_and_verify_state(pci_dev);
- pci_restore_state(pci_dev);
+ if (!pci_pm_power_up_and_verify_state(pci_dev))
+ pci_restore_state(pci_dev);
if (pci_has_legacy_pm_support(pci_dev))
return 0;
diff --git a/drivers/pci/pci.c b/drivers/pci/pci.c
index e698278229f2..c75fec3b094f 100644
--- a/drivers/pci/pci.c
+++ b/drivers/pci/pci.c
@@ -3144,10 +3144,19 @@ void pci_d3cold_disable(struct pci_dev *dev)
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(pci_d3cold_disable);
-void pci_pm_power_up_and_verify_state(struct pci_dev *pci_dev)
+int pci_pm_power_up_and_verify_state(struct pci_dev *pci_dev)
{
- pci_power_up(pci_dev);
+ int ret;
+
+ ret = pci_power_up(pci_dev);
pci_update_current_state(pci_dev, PCI_D0);
+
+ if (ret < 0 && pci_dev->current_state == PCI_D3cold) {
+ dev_err(&pci_dev->dev, "Failed to power up device: %d\n", ret);
+ return ret;
+ }
+
+ return 0;
}
/**
diff --git a/drivers/pci/pci.h b/drivers/pci/pci.h
index 1c48bc447f58..87ad201417d5 100644
--- a/drivers/pci/pci.h
+++ b/drivers/pci/pci.h
@@ -233,7 +233,7 @@ void pci_dev_adjust_pme(struct pci_dev *dev);
void pci_dev_complete_resume(struct pci_dev *pci_dev);
void pci_config_pm_runtime_get(struct pci_dev *dev);
void pci_config_pm_runtime_put(struct pci_dev *dev);
-void pci_pm_power_up_and_verify_state(struct pci_dev *pci_dev);
+int pci_pm_power_up_and_verify_state(struct pci_dev *pci_dev);
void pci_pm_init(struct pci_dev *dev);
void pci_ea_init(struct pci_dev *dev);
void pci_msi_init(struct pci_dev *dev);
--
2.51.0.rc1.193.gad69d77794-goog
The patch below does not apply to the 6.6-stable tree.
If someone wants it applied there, or to any other stable or longterm
tree, then please email the backport, including the original git commit
id to <stable(a)vger.kernel.org>.
To reproduce the conflict and resubmit, you may use the following commands:
git fetch https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git/ linux-6.6.y
git checkout FETCH_HEAD
git cherry-pick -x 15292f1b4c55a3a7c940dbcb6cb8793871ed3d92
# <resolve conflicts, build, test, etc.>
git commit -s
git send-email --to '<stable(a)vger.kernel.org>' --in-reply-to '2025102051-foe-trunks-268f@gregkh' --subject-prefix 'PATCH 6.6.y' HEAD^..
Possible dependencies:
thanks,
greg k-h
------------------ original commit in Linus's tree ------------------
From 15292f1b4c55a3a7c940dbcb6cb8793871ed3d92 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Babu Moger <babu.moger(a)amd.com>
Date: Fri, 10 Oct 2025 12:08:35 -0500
Subject: [PATCH] x86/resctrl: Fix miscount of bandwidth event when
reactivating previously unavailable RMID
Users can create as many monitoring groups as the number of RMIDs supported
by the hardware. However, on AMD systems, only a limited number of RMIDs
are guaranteed to be actively tracked by the hardware. RMIDs that exceed
this limit are placed in an "Unavailable" state.
When a bandwidth counter is read for such an RMID, the hardware sets
MSR_IA32_QM_CTR.Unavailable (bit 62). When such an RMID starts being tracked
again the hardware counter is reset to zero. MSR_IA32_QM_CTR.Unavailable
remains set on first read after tracking re-starts and is clear on all
subsequent reads as long as the RMID is tracked.
resctrl miscounts the bandwidth events after an RMID transitions from the
"Unavailable" state back to being tracked. This happens because when the
hardware starts counting again after resetting the counter to zero, resctrl
in turn compares the new count against the counter value stored from the
previous time the RMID was tracked.
This results in resctrl computing an event value that is either undercounting
(when new counter is more than stored counter) or a mistaken overflow (when
new counter is less than stored counter).
Reset the stored value (arch_mbm_state::prev_msr) of MSR_IA32_QM_CTR to
zero whenever the RMID is in the "Unavailable" state to ensure accurate
counting after the RMID resets to zero when it starts to be tracked again.
Example scenario that results in mistaken overflow
==================================================
1. The resctrl filesystem is mounted, and a task is assigned to a
monitoring group.
$mount -t resctrl resctrl /sys/fs/resctrl
$mkdir /sys/fs/resctrl/mon_groups/test1/
$echo 1234 > /sys/fs/resctrl/mon_groups/test1/tasks
$cat /sys/fs/resctrl/mon_groups/test1/mon_data/mon_L3_*/mbm_total_bytes
21323 <- Total bytes on domain 0
"Unavailable" <- Total bytes on domain 1
Task is running on domain 0. Counter on domain 1 is "Unavailable".
2. The task runs on domain 0 for a while and then moves to domain 1. The
counter starts incrementing on domain 1.
$cat /sys/fs/resctrl/mon_groups/test1/mon_data/mon_L3_*/mbm_total_bytes
7345357 <- Total bytes on domain 0
4545 <- Total bytes on domain 1
3. At some point, the RMID in domain 0 transitions to the "Unavailable"
state because the task is no longer executing in that domain.
$cat /sys/fs/resctrl/mon_groups/test1/mon_data/mon_L3_*/mbm_total_bytes
"Unavailable" <- Total bytes on domain 0
434341 <- Total bytes on domain 1
4. Since the task continues to migrate between domains, it may eventually
return to domain 0.
$cat /sys/fs/resctrl/mon_groups/test1/mon_data/mon_L3_*/mbm_total_bytes
17592178699059 <- Overflow on domain 0
3232332 <- Total bytes on domain 1
In this case, the RMID on domain 0 transitions from "Unavailable" state to
active state. The hardware sets MSR_IA32_QM_CTR.Unavailable (bit 62) when
the counter is read and begins tracking the RMID counting from 0.
Subsequent reads succeed but return a value smaller than the previously
saved MSR value (7345357). Consequently, the resctrl's overflow logic is
triggered, it compares the previous value (7345357) with the new, smaller
value and incorrectly interprets this as a counter overflow, adding a large
delta.
In reality, this is a false positive: the counter did not overflow but was
simply reset when the RMID transitioned from "Unavailable" back to active
state.
Here is the text from APM [1] available from [2].
"In PQOS Version 2.0 or higher, the MBM hardware will set the U bit on the
first QM_CTR read when it begins tracking an RMID that it was not
previously tracking. The U bit will be zero for all subsequent reads from
that RMID while it is still tracked by the hardware. Therefore, a QM_CTR
read with the U bit set when that RMID is in use by a processor can be
considered 0 when calculating the difference with a subsequent read."
[1] AMD64 Architecture Programmer's Manual Volume 2: System Programming
Publication # 24593 Revision 3.41 section 19.3.3 Monitoring L3 Memory
Bandwidth (MBM).
[ bp: Split commit message into smaller paragraph chunks for better
consumption. ]
Fixes: 4d05bf71f157d ("x86/resctrl: Introduce AMD QOS feature")
Signed-off-by: Babu Moger <babu.moger(a)amd.com>
Signed-off-by: Borislav Petkov (AMD) <bp(a)alien8.de>
Reviewed-by: Reinette Chatre <reinette.chatre(a)intel.com>
Tested-by: Reinette Chatre <reinette.chatre(a)intel.com>
Cc: stable(a)vger.kernel.org # needs adjustments for <= v6.17
Link: https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=206537 # [2]
diff --git a/arch/x86/kernel/cpu/resctrl/monitor.c b/arch/x86/kernel/cpu/resctrl/monitor.c
index c8945610d455..2cd25a0d4637 100644
--- a/arch/x86/kernel/cpu/resctrl/monitor.c
+++ b/arch/x86/kernel/cpu/resctrl/monitor.c
@@ -242,7 +242,9 @@ int resctrl_arch_rmid_read(struct rdt_resource *r, struct rdt_mon_domain *d,
u32 unused, u32 rmid, enum resctrl_event_id eventid,
u64 *val, void *ignored)
{
+ struct rdt_hw_mon_domain *hw_dom = resctrl_to_arch_mon_dom(d);
int cpu = cpumask_any(&d->hdr.cpu_mask);
+ struct arch_mbm_state *am;
u64 msr_val;
u32 prmid;
int ret;
@@ -251,12 +253,16 @@ int resctrl_arch_rmid_read(struct rdt_resource *r, struct rdt_mon_domain *d,
prmid = logical_rmid_to_physical_rmid(cpu, rmid);
ret = __rmid_read_phys(prmid, eventid, &msr_val);
- if (ret)
- return ret;
- *val = get_corrected_val(r, d, rmid, eventid, msr_val);
+ if (!ret) {
+ *val = get_corrected_val(r, d, rmid, eventid, msr_val);
+ } else if (ret == -EINVAL) {
+ am = get_arch_mbm_state(hw_dom, rmid, eventid);
+ if (am)
+ am->prev_msr = 0;
+ }
- return 0;
+ return ret;
}
static int __cntr_id_read(u32 cntr_id, u64 *val)
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