- Linux-kselftest-mirror - lists.linaro.org

[PATCH Linux-6.12.y 1/1] selftests/mm: build with -O2

by Yifei Liu

From: Kevin Brodsky <kevin.brodsky(a)arm.com> [ Upstream commit 46036188ea1f5266df23a6149dea0df1c77cd1c7 ] The mm kselftests are currently built with no optimisation (-O0). It's unclear why, and besides being obviously suboptimal, this also prevents the pkeys tests from working as intended. Let's build all the tests with -O2. [kevin.brodsky(a)arm.com: silence unused-result warnings] Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20250107170110.2819685-1-kevin.brodsky@arm.com Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20241209095019.1732120-6-kevin.brodsky@arm.com Signed-off-by: Kevin Brodsky <kevin.brodsky(a)arm.com> Cc: Aruna Ramakrishna <aruna.ramakrishna(a)oracle.com> Cc: Catalin Marinas <catalin.marinas(a)arm.com> Cc: Dave Hansen <dave.hansen(a)linux.intel.com> Cc: Joey Gouly <joey.gouly(a)arm.com> Cc: Keith Lucas <keith.lucas(a)oracle.com> Cc: Ryan Roberts <ryan.roberts(a)arm.com> Cc: Shuah Khan <shuah(a)kernel.org> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm(a)linux-foundation.org> (cherry picked from commit 46036188ea1f5266df23a6149dea0df1c77cd1c7) [Yifei: This commit also fix the failure of pkey_sighandler_tests_64, which is also in linux-6.12.y, thus backport this commit] Signed-off-by: Yifei Liu <yifei.l.liu(a)oracle.com> --- tools/testing/selftests/mm/Makefile | 9 ++++++++- 1 file changed, 8 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-) diff --git a/tools/testing/selftests/mm/Makefile b/tools/testing/selftests/mm/Makefile index 02e1204971b0..c0138cb19705 100644 --- a/tools/testing/selftests/mm/Makefile +++ b/tools/testing/selftests/mm/Makefile @@ -33,9 +33,16 @@ endif # LDLIBS. MAKEFLAGS += --no-builtin-rules -CFLAGS = -Wall -I $(top_srcdir) $(EXTRA_CFLAGS) $(KHDR_INCLUDES) $(TOOLS_INCLUDES) +CFLAGS = -Wall -O2 -I $(top_srcdir) $(EXTRA_CFLAGS) $(KHDR_INCLUDES) $(TOOLS_INCLUDES) LDLIBS = -lrt -lpthread -lm +# Some distributions (such as Ubuntu) configure GCC so that _FORTIFY_SOURCE is +# automatically enabled at -O1 or above. This triggers various unused-result +# warnings where functions such as read() or write() are called and their +# return value is not checked. Disable _FORTIFY_SOURCE to silence those +# warnings. +CFLAGS += -U_FORTIFY_SOURCE + TEST_GEN_FILES = cow TEST_GEN_FILES += compaction_test TEST_GEN_FILES += gup_longterm -- 2.46.0

10 months

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[PATCH] bpf: Fix mix-up of 4096 and page size.

by Saket Kumar Bhaskar

For platforms on powerpc architecture with a default page size greater than 4096, there was an inconsistency in fragment size calculation. This caused the BPF selftest xdp_adjust_tail/xdp_adjust_frags_tail_grow to fail on powerpc. The issue occurred because the fragment buffer size in bpf_prog_test_run_xdp() was set to 4096, while the actual data size in the fragment within the shared skb was checked against PAGE_SIZE (65536 on powerpc) in min_t, causing it to exceed 4096 and be set accordingly. This discrepancy led to an overflow when bpf_xdp_frags_increase_tail() checked for tailroom, as skb_frag_size(frag) could be greater than rxq->frag_size (when PAGE_SIZE > 4096). This commit updates the page size references to 4096 to ensure consistency and prevent overflow issues in fragment size calculations. Fixes: 1c1949982524 ("bpf: introduce frags support to bpf_prog_test_run_xdp()") Signed-off-by: Saket Kumar Bhaskar <skb99(a)linux.ibm.com> --- net/bpf/test_run.c | 6 +++--- 1 file changed, 3 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-) diff --git a/net/bpf/test_run.c b/net/bpf/test_run.c index 501ec4249..eb5476184 100644 --- a/net/bpf/test_run.c +++ b/net/bpf/test_run.c @@ -124,7 +124,7 @@ struct xdp_test_data { * must be updated accordingly this gets changed, otherwise BPF selftests * will fail. */ -#define TEST_XDP_FRAME_SIZE (PAGE_SIZE - sizeof(struct xdp_page_head)) +#define TEST_XDP_FRAME_SIZE (4096 - sizeof(struct xdp_page_head)) #define TEST_XDP_MAX_BATCH 256 static void xdp_test_run_init_page(netmem_ref netmem, void *arg) @@ -660,7 +660,7 @@ static void *bpf_test_init(const union bpf_attr *kattr, u32 user_size, void __user *data_in = u64_to_user_ptr(kattr->test.data_in); void *data; - if (size < ETH_HLEN || size > PAGE_SIZE - headroom - tailroom) + if (size < ETH_HLEN || size > 4096 - headroom - tailroom) return ERR_PTR(-EINVAL); if (user_size > size) @@ -1297,7 +1297,7 @@ int bpf_prog_test_run_xdp(struct bpf_prog *prog, const union bpf_attr *kattr, frag = &sinfo->frags[sinfo->nr_frags++]; data_len = min_t(u32, kattr->test.data_size_in - size, - PAGE_SIZE); + 4096); skb_frag_fill_page_desc(frag, page, 0, data_len); if (copy_from_user(page_address(page), data_in + size, -- 2.43.5

10 months

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[PATCH][next] KVM: selftests: Fix spelling mistake "initally" -> "initially"

by Colin Ian King

There is a spelling mistake in a literal string. Fix it. Signed-off-by: Colin Ian King <colin.i.king(a)gmail.com> --- tools/testing/selftests/kvm/s390/cmma_test.c | 2 +- 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-) diff --git a/tools/testing/selftests/kvm/s390/cmma_test.c b/tools/testing/selftests/kvm/s390/cmma_test.c index e32dd59703a0..7fbbe8b912b6 100644 --- a/tools/testing/selftests/kvm/s390/cmma_test.c +++ b/tools/testing/selftests/kvm/s390/cmma_test.c @@ -651,7 +651,7 @@ struct testdef { } testlist[] = { { "migration mode and dirty tracking", test_migration_mode }, { "GET_CMMA_BITS: basic calls", test_get_cmma_basic }, - { "GET_CMMA_BITS: all pages are dirty initally", test_get_inital_dirty }, + { "GET_CMMA_BITS: all pages are dirty initially", test_get_inital_dirty }, { "GET_CMMA_BITS: holes are skipped", test_get_skip_holes }, }; -- 2.47.2

10 months

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[PATCH net-next v2 0/2] netdevgenl: Add an xsk attribute to queues

by Joe Damato

Greetings: This is an attempt to followup on something Jakub asked me about [1], adding an xsk attribute to queues and more clearly documenting which queues are linked to NAPIs... After the RFC [2], Jakub suggested creating an empty nest for queues which have a pool, so I've adjusted this version to work that way. The nest can be extended in the future to express attributes about XSK as needed. Queues which are not used for AF_XDP do not have the xsk attribute present. I've run the included test on: - my mlx5 machine (via NETIF=) - without setting NETIF And the test seems to pass in both cases. Thanks, Joe [1]: https://lore.kernel.org/netdev/20250113143109.60afa59a@kernel.org/ [2]: https://lore.kernel.org/netdev/20250129172431.65773-1-jdamato@fastly.com/ v2: - Switched from RFC to actual submission now that net-next is open - Adjusted patch 1 to include an empty nest as suggested by Jakub - Adjusted patch 2 to update the test based on changes to patch 1, and to incorporate some Python feedback from Jakub :) rfc: https://lore.kernel.org/netdev/20250129172431.65773-1-jdamato@fastly.com/ Joe Damato (2): netdev-genl: Add an XSK attribute to queues selftests: drv-net: Test queue xsk attribute Documentation/netlink/specs/netdev.yaml | 13 ++- include/uapi/linux/netdev.h | 6 ++ net/core/netdev-genl.c | 11 +++ tools/include/uapi/linux/netdev.h | 6 ++ .../testing/selftests/drivers/net/.gitignore | 2 + tools/testing/selftests/drivers/net/Makefile | 3 + tools/testing/selftests/drivers/net/queues.py | 35 +++++++- .../selftests/drivers/net/xdp_helper.c | 90 +++++++++++++++++++ 8 files changed, 163 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-) create mode 100644 tools/testing/selftests/drivers/net/.gitignore create mode 100644 tools/testing/selftests/drivers/net/xdp_helper.c base-commit: c2933b2befe25309f4c5cfbea0ca80909735fd76 -- 2.25.1

10 months

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[PATCH AUTOSEL 6.1 2/2] selftests: gpio: gpio-sim: Fix missing chip disablements

by Sasha Levin

From: Koichiro Den <koichiro.den(a)canonical.com> [ Upstream commit f8524ac33cd452aef5384504b3264db6039a455e ] Since upstream commit 8bd76b3d3f3a ("gpio: sim: lock up configfs that an instantiated device depends on"), rmdir for an active virtual devices been prohibited. Update gpio-sim selftest to align with the change. Reported-by: kernel test robot <oliver.sang(a)intel.com> Closes: https://lore.kernel.org/oe-lkp/202501221006.a1ca5dfa-lkp@intel.com Signed-off-by: Koichiro Den <koichiro.den(a)canonical.com> Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20250122043309.304621-1-koichiro.den@canonical.com Signed-off-by: Bartosz Golaszewski <bartosz.golaszewski(a)linaro.org> Signed-off-by: Sasha Levin <sashal(a)kernel.org> --- tools/testing/selftests/gpio/gpio-sim.sh | 31 +++++++++++++++++++----- 1 file changed, 25 insertions(+), 6 deletions(-) diff --git a/tools/testing/selftests/gpio/gpio-sim.sh b/tools/testing/selftests/gpio/gpio-sim.sh index bf67b23ed29ac..46101a800bebf 100755 --- a/tools/testing/selftests/gpio/gpio-sim.sh +++ b/tools/testing/selftests/gpio/gpio-sim.sh @@ -46,12 +46,6 @@ remove_chip() { rmdir $CONFIGFS_DIR/$CHIP || fail "Unable to remove the chip" } -configfs_cleanup() { - for CHIP in `ls $CONFIGFS_DIR/`; do - remove_chip $CHIP - done -} - create_chip() { local CHIP=$1 @@ -105,6 +99,13 @@ disable_chip() { echo 0 > $CONFIGFS_DIR/$CHIP/live || fail "Unable to disable the chip" } +configfs_cleanup() { + for CHIP in `ls $CONFIGFS_DIR/`; do + disable_chip $CHIP + remove_chip $CHIP + done +} + configfs_chip_name() { local CHIP=$1 local BANK=$2 @@ -181,6 +182,7 @@ create_chip chip create_bank chip bank enable_chip chip test -n `cat $CONFIGFS_DIR/chip/bank/chip_name` || fail "chip_name doesn't work" +disable_chip chip remove_chip chip echo "1.2. chip_name returns 'none' if the chip is still pending" @@ -195,6 +197,7 @@ create_chip chip create_bank chip bank enable_chip chip test -n `cat $CONFIGFS_DIR/chip/dev_name` || fail "dev_name doesn't work" +disable_chip chip remove_chip chip echo "2. Creating and configuring simulated chips" @@ -204,6 +207,7 @@ create_chip chip create_bank chip bank enable_chip chip test "`get_chip_num_lines chip bank`" = "1" || fail "default number of lines is not 1" +disable_chip chip remove_chip chip echo "2.2. Number of lines can be specified" @@ -212,6 +216,7 @@ create_bank chip bank set_num_lines chip bank 16 enable_chip chip test "`get_chip_num_lines chip bank`" = "16" || fail "number of lines is not 16" +disable_chip chip remove_chip chip echo "2.3. Label can be set" @@ -220,6 +225,7 @@ create_bank chip bank set_label chip bank foobar enable_chip chip test "`get_chip_label chip bank`" = "foobar" || fail "label is incorrect" +disable_chip chip remove_chip chip echo "2.4. Label can be left empty" @@ -227,6 +233,7 @@ create_chip chip create_bank chip bank enable_chip chip test -z "`cat $CONFIGFS_DIR/chip/bank/label`" || fail "label is not empty" +disable_chip chip remove_chip chip echo "2.5. Line names can be configured" @@ -238,6 +245,7 @@ set_line_name chip bank 2 bar enable_chip chip test "`get_line_name chip bank 0`" = "foo" || fail "line name is incorrect" test "`get_line_name chip bank 2`" = "bar" || fail "line name is incorrect" +disable_chip chip remove_chip chip echo "2.6. Line config can remain unused if offset is greater than number of lines" @@ -248,6 +256,7 @@ set_line_name chip bank 5 foobar enable_chip chip test "`get_line_name chip bank 0`" = "" || fail "line name is incorrect" test "`get_line_name chip bank 1`" = "" || fail "line name is incorrect" +disable_chip chip remove_chip chip echo "2.7. Line configfs directory names are sanitized" @@ -267,6 +276,7 @@ for CHIP in $CHIPS; do enable_chip $CHIP done for CHIP in $CHIPS; do + disable_chip $CHIP remove_chip $CHIP done @@ -278,6 +288,7 @@ echo foobar > $CONFIGFS_DIR/chip/bank/label 2> /dev/null && \ fail "Setting label of a live chip should fail" echo 8 > $CONFIGFS_DIR/chip/bank/num_lines 2> /dev/null && \ fail "Setting number of lines of a live chip should fail" +disable_chip chip remove_chip chip echo "2.10. Can't create line items when chip is live" @@ -285,6 +296,7 @@ create_chip chip create_bank chip bank enable_chip chip mkdir $CONFIGFS_DIR/chip/bank/line0 2> /dev/null && fail "Creating line item should fail" +disable_chip chip remove_chip chip echo "2.11. Probe errors are propagated to user-space" @@ -316,6 +328,7 @@ mkdir -p $CONFIGFS_DIR/chip/bank/line4/hog enable_chip chip $BASE_DIR/gpio-mockup-cdev -s 1 /dev/`configfs_chip_name chip bank` 4 2> /dev/null && \ fail "Setting the value of a hogged line shouldn't succeed" +disable_chip chip remove_chip chip echo "3. Controlling simulated chips" @@ -331,6 +344,7 @@ test "$?" = "1" || fail "pull set incorrectly" sysfs_set_pull chip bank 0 pull-down $BASE_DIR/gpio-mockup-cdev /dev/`configfs_chip_name chip bank` 1 test "$?" = "0" || fail "pull set incorrectly" +disable_chip chip remove_chip chip echo "3.2. Pull can be read from sysfs" @@ -344,6 +358,7 @@ SYSFS_PATH=/sys/devices/platform/$DEVNAME/$CHIPNAME/sim_gpio0/pull test `cat $SYSFS_PATH` = "pull-down" || fail "reading the pull failed" sysfs_set_pull chip bank 0 pull-up test `cat $SYSFS_PATH` = "pull-up" || fail "reading the pull failed" +disable_chip chip remove_chip chip echo "3.3. Incorrect input in sysfs is rejected" @@ -355,6 +370,7 @@ DEVNAME=`configfs_dev_name chip` CHIPNAME=`configfs_chip_name chip bank` SYSFS_PATH="/sys/devices/platform/$DEVNAME/$CHIPNAME/sim_gpio0/pull" echo foobar > $SYSFS_PATH 2> /dev/null && fail "invalid input not detected" +disable_chip chip remove_chip chip echo "3.4. Can't write to value" @@ -365,6 +381,7 @@ DEVNAME=`configfs_dev_name chip` CHIPNAME=`configfs_chip_name chip bank` SYSFS_PATH="/sys/devices/platform/$DEVNAME/$CHIPNAME/sim_gpio0/value" echo 1 > $SYSFS_PATH 2> /dev/null && fail "writing to 'value' succeeded unexpectedly" +disable_chip chip remove_chip chip echo "4. Simulated GPIO chips are functional" @@ -382,6 +399,7 @@ $BASE_DIR/gpio-mockup-cdev -s 1 /dev/`configfs_chip_name chip bank` 0 & sleep 0.1 # FIXME Any better way? test `cat $SYSFS_PATH` = "1" || fail "incorrect value read from sysfs" kill $! +disable_chip chip remove_chip chip echo "4.2. Bias settings work correctly" @@ -394,6 +412,7 @@ CHIPNAME=`configfs_chip_name chip bank` SYSFS_PATH="/sys/devices/platform/$DEVNAME/$CHIPNAME/sim_gpio0/value" $BASE_DIR/gpio-mockup-cdev -b pull-up /dev/`configfs_chip_name chip bank` 0 test `cat $SYSFS_PATH` = "1" || fail "bias setting does not work" +disable_chip chip remove_chip chip echo "GPIO $MODULE test PASS" -- 2.39.5

10 months

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[PATCH AUTOSEL 6.6 2/3] selftests: gpio: gpio-sim: Fix missing chip disablements

by Sasha Levin

From: Koichiro Den <koichiro.den(a)canonical.com> [ Upstream commit f8524ac33cd452aef5384504b3264db6039a455e ] Since upstream commit 8bd76b3d3f3a ("gpio: sim: lock up configfs that an instantiated device depends on"), rmdir for an active virtual devices been prohibited. Update gpio-sim selftest to align with the change. Reported-by: kernel test robot <oliver.sang(a)intel.com> Closes: https://lore.kernel.org/oe-lkp/202501221006.a1ca5dfa-lkp@intel.com Signed-off-by: Koichiro Den <koichiro.den(a)canonical.com> Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20250122043309.304621-1-koichiro.den@canonical.com Signed-off-by: Bartosz Golaszewski <bartosz.golaszewski(a)linaro.org> Signed-off-by: Sasha Levin <sashal(a)kernel.org> --- tools/testing/selftests/gpio/gpio-sim.sh | 31 +++++++++++++++++++----- 1 file changed, 25 insertions(+), 6 deletions(-) diff --git a/tools/testing/selftests/gpio/gpio-sim.sh b/tools/testing/selftests/gpio/gpio-sim.sh index 6fb66a687f173..bbc29ed9c60a9 100755 --- a/tools/testing/selftests/gpio/gpio-sim.sh +++ b/tools/testing/selftests/gpio/gpio-sim.sh @@ -46,12 +46,6 @@ remove_chip() { rmdir $CONFIGFS_DIR/$CHIP || fail "Unable to remove the chip" } -configfs_cleanup() { - for CHIP in `ls $CONFIGFS_DIR/`; do - remove_chip $CHIP - done -} - create_chip() { local CHIP=$1 @@ -105,6 +99,13 @@ disable_chip() { echo 0 > $CONFIGFS_DIR/$CHIP/live || fail "Unable to disable the chip" } +configfs_cleanup() { + for CHIP in `ls $CONFIGFS_DIR/`; do + disable_chip $CHIP + remove_chip $CHIP + done +} + configfs_chip_name() { local CHIP=$1 local BANK=$2 @@ -181,6 +182,7 @@ create_chip chip create_bank chip bank enable_chip chip test -n `cat $CONFIGFS_DIR/chip/bank/chip_name` || fail "chip_name doesn't work" +disable_chip chip remove_chip chip echo "1.2. chip_name returns 'none' if the chip is still pending" @@ -195,6 +197,7 @@ create_chip chip create_bank chip bank enable_chip chip test -n `cat $CONFIGFS_DIR/chip/dev_name` || fail "dev_name doesn't work" +disable_chip chip remove_chip chip echo "2. Creating and configuring simulated chips" @@ -204,6 +207,7 @@ create_chip chip create_bank chip bank enable_chip chip test "`get_chip_num_lines chip bank`" = "1" || fail "default number of lines is not 1" +disable_chip chip remove_chip chip echo "2.2. Number of lines can be specified" @@ -212,6 +216,7 @@ create_bank chip bank set_num_lines chip bank 16 enable_chip chip test "`get_chip_num_lines chip bank`" = "16" || fail "number of lines is not 16" +disable_chip chip remove_chip chip echo "2.3. Label can be set" @@ -220,6 +225,7 @@ create_bank chip bank set_label chip bank foobar enable_chip chip test "`get_chip_label chip bank`" = "foobar" || fail "label is incorrect" +disable_chip chip remove_chip chip echo "2.4. Label can be left empty" @@ -227,6 +233,7 @@ create_chip chip create_bank chip bank enable_chip chip test -z "`cat $CONFIGFS_DIR/chip/bank/label`" || fail "label is not empty" +disable_chip chip remove_chip chip echo "2.5. Line names can be configured" @@ -238,6 +245,7 @@ set_line_name chip bank 2 bar enable_chip chip test "`get_line_name chip bank 0`" = "foo" || fail "line name is incorrect" test "`get_line_name chip bank 2`" = "bar" || fail "line name is incorrect" +disable_chip chip remove_chip chip echo "2.6. Line config can remain unused if offset is greater than number of lines" @@ -248,6 +256,7 @@ set_line_name chip bank 5 foobar enable_chip chip test "`get_line_name chip bank 0`" = "" || fail "line name is incorrect" test "`get_line_name chip bank 1`" = "" || fail "line name is incorrect" +disable_chip chip remove_chip chip echo "2.7. Line configfs directory names are sanitized" @@ -267,6 +276,7 @@ for CHIP in $CHIPS; do enable_chip $CHIP done for CHIP in $CHIPS; do + disable_chip $CHIP remove_chip $CHIP done @@ -278,6 +288,7 @@ echo foobar > $CONFIGFS_DIR/chip/bank/label 2> /dev/null && \ fail "Setting label of a live chip should fail" echo 8 > $CONFIGFS_DIR/chip/bank/num_lines 2> /dev/null && \ fail "Setting number of lines of a live chip should fail" +disable_chip chip remove_chip chip echo "2.10. Can't create line items when chip is live" @@ -285,6 +296,7 @@ create_chip chip create_bank chip bank enable_chip chip mkdir $CONFIGFS_DIR/chip/bank/line0 2> /dev/null && fail "Creating line item should fail" +disable_chip chip remove_chip chip echo "2.11. Probe errors are propagated to user-space" @@ -316,6 +328,7 @@ mkdir -p $CONFIGFS_DIR/chip/bank/line4/hog enable_chip chip $BASE_DIR/gpio-mockup-cdev -s 1 /dev/`configfs_chip_name chip bank` 4 2> /dev/null && \ fail "Setting the value of a hogged line shouldn't succeed" +disable_chip chip remove_chip chip echo "3. Controlling simulated chips" @@ -331,6 +344,7 @@ test "$?" = "1" || fail "pull set incorrectly" sysfs_set_pull chip bank 0 pull-down $BASE_DIR/gpio-mockup-cdev /dev/`configfs_chip_name chip bank` 1 test "$?" = "0" || fail "pull set incorrectly" +disable_chip chip remove_chip chip echo "3.2. Pull can be read from sysfs" @@ -344,6 +358,7 @@ SYSFS_PATH=/sys/devices/platform/$DEVNAME/$CHIPNAME/sim_gpio0/pull test `cat $SYSFS_PATH` = "pull-down" || fail "reading the pull failed" sysfs_set_pull chip bank 0 pull-up test `cat $SYSFS_PATH` = "pull-up" || fail "reading the pull failed" +disable_chip chip remove_chip chip echo "3.3. Incorrect input in sysfs is rejected" @@ -355,6 +370,7 @@ DEVNAME=`configfs_dev_name chip` CHIPNAME=`configfs_chip_name chip bank` SYSFS_PATH="/sys/devices/platform/$DEVNAME/$CHIPNAME/sim_gpio0/pull" echo foobar > $SYSFS_PATH 2> /dev/null && fail "invalid input not detected" +disable_chip chip remove_chip chip echo "3.4. Can't write to value" @@ -365,6 +381,7 @@ DEVNAME=`configfs_dev_name chip` CHIPNAME=`configfs_chip_name chip bank` SYSFS_PATH="/sys/devices/platform/$DEVNAME/$CHIPNAME/sim_gpio0/value" echo 1 > $SYSFS_PATH 2> /dev/null && fail "writing to 'value' succeeded unexpectedly" +disable_chip chip remove_chip chip echo "4. Simulated GPIO chips are functional" @@ -382,6 +399,7 @@ $BASE_DIR/gpio-mockup-cdev -s 1 /dev/`configfs_chip_name chip bank` 0 & sleep 0.1 # FIXME Any better way? test `cat $SYSFS_PATH` = "1" || fail "incorrect value read from sysfs" kill $! +disable_chip chip remove_chip chip echo "4.2. Bias settings work correctly" @@ -394,6 +412,7 @@ CHIPNAME=`configfs_chip_name chip bank` SYSFS_PATH="/sys/devices/platform/$DEVNAME/$CHIPNAME/sim_gpio0/value" $BASE_DIR/gpio-mockup-cdev -b pull-up /dev/`configfs_chip_name chip bank` 0 test `cat $SYSFS_PATH` = "1" || fail "bias setting does not work" +disable_chip chip remove_chip chip echo "GPIO $MODULE test PASS" -- 2.39.5

10 months

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[PATCH AUTOSEL 6.12 3/4] selftests: gpio: gpio-sim: Fix missing chip disablements

by Sasha Levin

From: Koichiro Den <koichiro.den(a)canonical.com> [ Upstream commit f8524ac33cd452aef5384504b3264db6039a455e ] Since upstream commit 8bd76b3d3f3a ("gpio: sim: lock up configfs that an instantiated device depends on"), rmdir for an active virtual devices been prohibited. Update gpio-sim selftest to align with the change. Reported-by: kernel test robot <oliver.sang(a)intel.com> Closes: https://lore.kernel.org/oe-lkp/202501221006.a1ca5dfa-lkp@intel.com Signed-off-by: Koichiro Den <koichiro.den(a)canonical.com> Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20250122043309.304621-1-koichiro.den@canonical.com Signed-off-by: Bartosz Golaszewski <bartosz.golaszewski(a)linaro.org> Signed-off-by: Sasha Levin <sashal(a)kernel.org> --- tools/testing/selftests/gpio/gpio-sim.sh | 31 +++++++++++++++++++----- 1 file changed, 25 insertions(+), 6 deletions(-) diff --git a/tools/testing/selftests/gpio/gpio-sim.sh b/tools/testing/selftests/gpio/gpio-sim.sh index 6fb66a687f173..bbc29ed9c60a9 100755 --- a/tools/testing/selftests/gpio/gpio-sim.sh +++ b/tools/testing/selftests/gpio/gpio-sim.sh @@ -46,12 +46,6 @@ remove_chip() { rmdir $CONFIGFS_DIR/$CHIP || fail "Unable to remove the chip" } -configfs_cleanup() { - for CHIP in `ls $CONFIGFS_DIR/`; do - remove_chip $CHIP - done -} - create_chip() { local CHIP=$1 @@ -105,6 +99,13 @@ disable_chip() { echo 0 > $CONFIGFS_DIR/$CHIP/live || fail "Unable to disable the chip" } +configfs_cleanup() { + for CHIP in `ls $CONFIGFS_DIR/`; do + disable_chip $CHIP + remove_chip $CHIP + done +} + configfs_chip_name() { local CHIP=$1 local BANK=$2 @@ -181,6 +182,7 @@ create_chip chip create_bank chip bank enable_chip chip test -n `cat $CONFIGFS_DIR/chip/bank/chip_name` || fail "chip_name doesn't work" +disable_chip chip remove_chip chip echo "1.2. chip_name returns 'none' if the chip is still pending" @@ -195,6 +197,7 @@ create_chip chip create_bank chip bank enable_chip chip test -n `cat $CONFIGFS_DIR/chip/dev_name` || fail "dev_name doesn't work" +disable_chip chip remove_chip chip echo "2. Creating and configuring simulated chips" @@ -204,6 +207,7 @@ create_chip chip create_bank chip bank enable_chip chip test "`get_chip_num_lines chip bank`" = "1" || fail "default number of lines is not 1" +disable_chip chip remove_chip chip echo "2.2. Number of lines can be specified" @@ -212,6 +216,7 @@ create_bank chip bank set_num_lines chip bank 16 enable_chip chip test "`get_chip_num_lines chip bank`" = "16" || fail "number of lines is not 16" +disable_chip chip remove_chip chip echo "2.3. Label can be set" @@ -220,6 +225,7 @@ create_bank chip bank set_label chip bank foobar enable_chip chip test "`get_chip_label chip bank`" = "foobar" || fail "label is incorrect" +disable_chip chip remove_chip chip echo "2.4. Label can be left empty" @@ -227,6 +233,7 @@ create_chip chip create_bank chip bank enable_chip chip test -z "`cat $CONFIGFS_DIR/chip/bank/label`" || fail "label is not empty" +disable_chip chip remove_chip chip echo "2.5. Line names can be configured" @@ -238,6 +245,7 @@ set_line_name chip bank 2 bar enable_chip chip test "`get_line_name chip bank 0`" = "foo" || fail "line name is incorrect" test "`get_line_name chip bank 2`" = "bar" || fail "line name is incorrect" +disable_chip chip remove_chip chip echo "2.6. Line config can remain unused if offset is greater than number of lines" @@ -248,6 +256,7 @@ set_line_name chip bank 5 foobar enable_chip chip test "`get_line_name chip bank 0`" = "" || fail "line name is incorrect" test "`get_line_name chip bank 1`" = "" || fail "line name is incorrect" +disable_chip chip remove_chip chip echo "2.7. Line configfs directory names are sanitized" @@ -267,6 +276,7 @@ for CHIP in $CHIPS; do enable_chip $CHIP done for CHIP in $CHIPS; do + disable_chip $CHIP remove_chip $CHIP done @@ -278,6 +288,7 @@ echo foobar > $CONFIGFS_DIR/chip/bank/label 2> /dev/null && \ fail "Setting label of a live chip should fail" echo 8 > $CONFIGFS_DIR/chip/bank/num_lines 2> /dev/null && \ fail "Setting number of lines of a live chip should fail" +disable_chip chip remove_chip chip echo "2.10. Can't create line items when chip is live" @@ -285,6 +296,7 @@ create_chip chip create_bank chip bank enable_chip chip mkdir $CONFIGFS_DIR/chip/bank/line0 2> /dev/null && fail "Creating line item should fail" +disable_chip chip remove_chip chip echo "2.11. Probe errors are propagated to user-space" @@ -316,6 +328,7 @@ mkdir -p $CONFIGFS_DIR/chip/bank/line4/hog enable_chip chip $BASE_DIR/gpio-mockup-cdev -s 1 /dev/`configfs_chip_name chip bank` 4 2> /dev/null && \ fail "Setting the value of a hogged line shouldn't succeed" +disable_chip chip remove_chip chip echo "3. Controlling simulated chips" @@ -331,6 +344,7 @@ test "$?" = "1" || fail "pull set incorrectly" sysfs_set_pull chip bank 0 pull-down $BASE_DIR/gpio-mockup-cdev /dev/`configfs_chip_name chip bank` 1 test "$?" = "0" || fail "pull set incorrectly" +disable_chip chip remove_chip chip echo "3.2. Pull can be read from sysfs" @@ -344,6 +358,7 @@ SYSFS_PATH=/sys/devices/platform/$DEVNAME/$CHIPNAME/sim_gpio0/pull test `cat $SYSFS_PATH` = "pull-down" || fail "reading the pull failed" sysfs_set_pull chip bank 0 pull-up test `cat $SYSFS_PATH` = "pull-up" || fail "reading the pull failed" +disable_chip chip remove_chip chip echo "3.3. Incorrect input in sysfs is rejected" @@ -355,6 +370,7 @@ DEVNAME=`configfs_dev_name chip` CHIPNAME=`configfs_chip_name chip bank` SYSFS_PATH="/sys/devices/platform/$DEVNAME/$CHIPNAME/sim_gpio0/pull" echo foobar > $SYSFS_PATH 2> /dev/null && fail "invalid input not detected" +disable_chip chip remove_chip chip echo "3.4. Can't write to value" @@ -365,6 +381,7 @@ DEVNAME=`configfs_dev_name chip` CHIPNAME=`configfs_chip_name chip bank` SYSFS_PATH="/sys/devices/platform/$DEVNAME/$CHIPNAME/sim_gpio0/value" echo 1 > $SYSFS_PATH 2> /dev/null && fail "writing to 'value' succeeded unexpectedly" +disable_chip chip remove_chip chip echo "4. Simulated GPIO chips are functional" @@ -382,6 +399,7 @@ $BASE_DIR/gpio-mockup-cdev -s 1 /dev/`configfs_chip_name chip bank` 0 & sleep 0.1 # FIXME Any better way? test `cat $SYSFS_PATH` = "1" || fail "incorrect value read from sysfs" kill $! +disable_chip chip remove_chip chip echo "4.2. Bias settings work correctly" @@ -394,6 +412,7 @@ CHIPNAME=`configfs_chip_name chip bank` SYSFS_PATH="/sys/devices/platform/$DEVNAME/$CHIPNAME/sim_gpio0/value" $BASE_DIR/gpio-mockup-cdev -b pull-up /dev/`configfs_chip_name chip bank` 0 test `cat $SYSFS_PATH` = "1" || fail "bias setting does not work" +disable_chip chip remove_chip chip echo "GPIO $MODULE test PASS" -- 2.39.5

10 months

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[PATCH AUTOSEL 6.13 4/5] selftests: gpio: gpio-sim: Fix missing chip disablements

by Sasha Levin

From: Koichiro Den <koichiro.den(a)canonical.com> [ Upstream commit f8524ac33cd452aef5384504b3264db6039a455e ] Since upstream commit 8bd76b3d3f3a ("gpio: sim: lock up configfs that an instantiated device depends on"), rmdir for an active virtual devices been prohibited. Update gpio-sim selftest to align with the change. Reported-by: kernel test robot <oliver.sang(a)intel.com> Closes: https://lore.kernel.org/oe-lkp/202501221006.a1ca5dfa-lkp@intel.com Signed-off-by: Koichiro Den <koichiro.den(a)canonical.com> Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20250122043309.304621-1-koichiro.den@canonical.com Signed-off-by: Bartosz Golaszewski <bartosz.golaszewski(a)linaro.org> Signed-off-by: Sasha Levin <sashal(a)kernel.org> --- tools/testing/selftests/gpio/gpio-sim.sh | 31 +++++++++++++++++++----- 1 file changed, 25 insertions(+), 6 deletions(-) diff --git a/tools/testing/selftests/gpio/gpio-sim.sh b/tools/testing/selftests/gpio/gpio-sim.sh index 6fb66a687f173..bbc29ed9c60a9 100755 --- a/tools/testing/selftests/gpio/gpio-sim.sh +++ b/tools/testing/selftests/gpio/gpio-sim.sh @@ -46,12 +46,6 @@ remove_chip() { rmdir $CONFIGFS_DIR/$CHIP || fail "Unable to remove the chip" } -configfs_cleanup() { - for CHIP in `ls $CONFIGFS_DIR/`; do - remove_chip $CHIP - done -} - create_chip() { local CHIP=$1 @@ -105,6 +99,13 @@ disable_chip() { echo 0 > $CONFIGFS_DIR/$CHIP/live || fail "Unable to disable the chip" } +configfs_cleanup() { + for CHIP in `ls $CONFIGFS_DIR/`; do + disable_chip $CHIP + remove_chip $CHIP + done +} + configfs_chip_name() { local CHIP=$1 local BANK=$2 @@ -181,6 +182,7 @@ create_chip chip create_bank chip bank enable_chip chip test -n `cat $CONFIGFS_DIR/chip/bank/chip_name` || fail "chip_name doesn't work" +disable_chip chip remove_chip chip echo "1.2. chip_name returns 'none' if the chip is still pending" @@ -195,6 +197,7 @@ create_chip chip create_bank chip bank enable_chip chip test -n `cat $CONFIGFS_DIR/chip/dev_name` || fail "dev_name doesn't work" +disable_chip chip remove_chip chip echo "2. Creating and configuring simulated chips" @@ -204,6 +207,7 @@ create_chip chip create_bank chip bank enable_chip chip test "`get_chip_num_lines chip bank`" = "1" || fail "default number of lines is not 1" +disable_chip chip remove_chip chip echo "2.2. Number of lines can be specified" @@ -212,6 +216,7 @@ create_bank chip bank set_num_lines chip bank 16 enable_chip chip test "`get_chip_num_lines chip bank`" = "16" || fail "number of lines is not 16" +disable_chip chip remove_chip chip echo "2.3. Label can be set" @@ -220,6 +225,7 @@ create_bank chip bank set_label chip bank foobar enable_chip chip test "`get_chip_label chip bank`" = "foobar" || fail "label is incorrect" +disable_chip chip remove_chip chip echo "2.4. Label can be left empty" @@ -227,6 +233,7 @@ create_chip chip create_bank chip bank enable_chip chip test -z "`cat $CONFIGFS_DIR/chip/bank/label`" || fail "label is not empty" +disable_chip chip remove_chip chip echo "2.5. Line names can be configured" @@ -238,6 +245,7 @@ set_line_name chip bank 2 bar enable_chip chip test "`get_line_name chip bank 0`" = "foo" || fail "line name is incorrect" test "`get_line_name chip bank 2`" = "bar" || fail "line name is incorrect" +disable_chip chip remove_chip chip echo "2.6. Line config can remain unused if offset is greater than number of lines" @@ -248,6 +256,7 @@ set_line_name chip bank 5 foobar enable_chip chip test "`get_line_name chip bank 0`" = "" || fail "line name is incorrect" test "`get_line_name chip bank 1`" = "" || fail "line name is incorrect" +disable_chip chip remove_chip chip echo "2.7. Line configfs directory names are sanitized" @@ -267,6 +276,7 @@ for CHIP in $CHIPS; do enable_chip $CHIP done for CHIP in $CHIPS; do + disable_chip $CHIP remove_chip $CHIP done @@ -278,6 +288,7 @@ echo foobar > $CONFIGFS_DIR/chip/bank/label 2> /dev/null && \ fail "Setting label of a live chip should fail" echo 8 > $CONFIGFS_DIR/chip/bank/num_lines 2> /dev/null && \ fail "Setting number of lines of a live chip should fail" +disable_chip chip remove_chip chip echo "2.10. Can't create line items when chip is live" @@ -285,6 +296,7 @@ create_chip chip create_bank chip bank enable_chip chip mkdir $CONFIGFS_DIR/chip/bank/line0 2> /dev/null && fail "Creating line item should fail" +disable_chip chip remove_chip chip echo "2.11. Probe errors are propagated to user-space" @@ -316,6 +328,7 @@ mkdir -p $CONFIGFS_DIR/chip/bank/line4/hog enable_chip chip $BASE_DIR/gpio-mockup-cdev -s 1 /dev/`configfs_chip_name chip bank` 4 2> /dev/null && \ fail "Setting the value of a hogged line shouldn't succeed" +disable_chip chip remove_chip chip echo "3. Controlling simulated chips" @@ -331,6 +344,7 @@ test "$?" = "1" || fail "pull set incorrectly" sysfs_set_pull chip bank 0 pull-down $BASE_DIR/gpio-mockup-cdev /dev/`configfs_chip_name chip bank` 1 test "$?" = "0" || fail "pull set incorrectly" +disable_chip chip remove_chip chip echo "3.2. Pull can be read from sysfs" @@ -344,6 +358,7 @@ SYSFS_PATH=/sys/devices/platform/$DEVNAME/$CHIPNAME/sim_gpio0/pull test `cat $SYSFS_PATH` = "pull-down" || fail "reading the pull failed" sysfs_set_pull chip bank 0 pull-up test `cat $SYSFS_PATH` = "pull-up" || fail "reading the pull failed" +disable_chip chip remove_chip chip echo "3.3. Incorrect input in sysfs is rejected" @@ -355,6 +370,7 @@ DEVNAME=`configfs_dev_name chip` CHIPNAME=`configfs_chip_name chip bank` SYSFS_PATH="/sys/devices/platform/$DEVNAME/$CHIPNAME/sim_gpio0/pull" echo foobar > $SYSFS_PATH 2> /dev/null && fail "invalid input not detected" +disable_chip chip remove_chip chip echo "3.4. Can't write to value" @@ -365,6 +381,7 @@ DEVNAME=`configfs_dev_name chip` CHIPNAME=`configfs_chip_name chip bank` SYSFS_PATH="/sys/devices/platform/$DEVNAME/$CHIPNAME/sim_gpio0/value" echo 1 > $SYSFS_PATH 2> /dev/null && fail "writing to 'value' succeeded unexpectedly" +disable_chip chip remove_chip chip echo "4. Simulated GPIO chips are functional" @@ -382,6 +399,7 @@ $BASE_DIR/gpio-mockup-cdev -s 1 /dev/`configfs_chip_name chip bank` 0 & sleep 0.1 # FIXME Any better way? test `cat $SYSFS_PATH` = "1" || fail "incorrect value read from sysfs" kill $! +disable_chip chip remove_chip chip echo "4.2. Bias settings work correctly" @@ -394,6 +412,7 @@ CHIPNAME=`configfs_chip_name chip bank` SYSFS_PATH="/sys/devices/platform/$DEVNAME/$CHIPNAME/sim_gpio0/value" $BASE_DIR/gpio-mockup-cdev -b pull-up /dev/`configfs_chip_name chip bank` 0 test `cat $SYSFS_PATH` = "1" || fail "bias setting does not work" +disable_chip chip remove_chip chip echo "GPIO $MODULE test PASS" -- 2.39.5

10 months

1
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[RFC PATCH 0/4] PMU partitioning driver support

by Colton Lewis

This series introduces support in the ARM PMUv3 driver for partitioning PMU counters into two separate ranges by taking advantage of the MDCR_EL2.HPMN register field. The advantage of a partitioned PMU would be to allow KVM guests direct access to a subset of PMU functionality, greatly reducing the overhead of performance monitoring in guests. While this series could be accepted on its own merits, practically there is a lot more to be done before it will be fully useful, so I'm sending as an RFC for now. This patch is based on v6.13-rc7. It needs a small additional change after Oliver's Debug cleanups series going into 6.14, specifically this patch [1], because it changes kvm_arm_setup_mdcr_el2() to initialize HPMN from a cached value read early in the boot process instead of reading from the register. The only sensible way I can see to deal with this is returning to reading the register. [1] https://lore.kernel.org/kvmarm/20241219224116.3941496-3-oliver.upton@linux.… Colton Lewis (4): perf: arm_pmuv3: Introduce module param to partition the PMU KVM: arm64: Make guests see only counters they can access perf: arm_pmuv3: Generalize counter bitmasks perf: arm_pmuv3: Keep out of guest counter partition arch/arm/include/asm/arm_pmuv3.h | 10 ++ arch/arm64/include/asm/arm_pmuv3.h | 10 ++ arch/arm64/kvm/pmu-emul.c | 8 +- drivers/perf/arm_pmuv3.c | 113 ++++++++++++++++-- include/linux/perf/arm_pmu.h | 2 + include/linux/perf/arm_pmuv3.h | 34 +++++- .../kvm/aarch64/vpmu_counter_access.c | 2 +- 7 files changed, 160 insertions(+), 19 deletions(-) base-commit: 5bc55a333a2f7316b58edc7573e8e893f7acb532 -- 2.48.1.262.g85cc9f2d1e-goog

10 months

4
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Re: [PATCH 2/3] KVM: x86: Add support for VMware guest specific hypercalls

by Doug Covelli

On Wed, Nov 13, 2024 at 2:31 AM Paolo Bonzini <pbonzini(a)redhat.com> wrote: > > > > Il mar 12 nov 2024, 21:44 Doug Covelli <doug.covelli(a)broadcom.com> ha scritto: >> >> > Split irqchip should be the best tradeoff. Without it, moves from cr8 >> > stay in the kernel, but moves to cr8 always go to userspace with a >> > KVM_EXIT_SET_TPR exit. You also won't be able to use Intel >> > flexpriority (in-processor accelerated TPR) because KVM does not know >> > which bits are set in IRR. So it will be *really* every move to cr8 >> > that goes to userspace. >> >> Sorry to hijack this thread but is there a technical reason not to allow CR8 >> based accesses to the TPR (not MMIO accesses) when the in-kernel local APIC is >> not in use? > > > No worries, you're not hijacking :) The only reason is that it would be more code for a seldom used feature and anyway with worse performance. (To be clear, CR8 based accesses are allowed, but stores cause an exit in order to check the new TPR against IRR. That's because KVM's API does not have an equivalent of the TPR threshold as you point out below). I have not really looked at the code but it seems like it could also simplify things as CR8 would be handled more uniformly regardless of who is virtualizing the local APIC. >> Also I could not find these documented anywhere but with MSFT's APIC our monitor >> relies on extensions for trapping certain events such as INIT/SIPI plus LINT0 >> and SVR writes: >> >> UINT64 X64ApicInitSipiExitTrap : 1; // WHvRunVpExitReasonX64ApicInitSipiTrap >> UINT64 X64ApicWriteLint0ExitTrap : 1; // WHvRunVpExitReasonX64ApicWriteTrap >> UINT64 X64ApicWriteLint1ExitTrap : 1; // WHvRunVpExitReasonX64ApicWriteTrap >> UINT64 X64ApicWriteSvrExitTrap : 1; // WHvRunVpExitReasonX64ApicWriteTrap > > > There's no need for this in KVM's in-kernel APIC model. INIT and SIPI are handled in the hypervisor and you can get the current state of APs via KVM_GET_MPSTATE. LINT0 and LINT1 are injected with KVM_INTERRUPT and KVM_NMI respectively, and they obey IF/PPR and NMI blocking respectively, plus the interrupt shadow; so there's no need for userspace to know when LINT0/LINT1 themselves change. The spurious interrupt vector register is also handled completely in kernel. I realize that KVM can handle LINT0/SVR updates themselves but our interrupt subsystem relies on knowing the current values of these registers even when not virtualizing the local APIC. I suppose we could use KVM_GET_LAPIC to sync things up on demand but that seems like it might nor be great from a performance point of view. >> I did not see any similar functionality for KVM. Does anything like that exist? >> In any case we would be happy to add support for handling CR8 accesses w/o >> exiting w/o the in-kernel APIC along with some sort of a way to configure the >> TPR threshold if folks are not opposed to that. > > > As far I know everybody who's using KVM (whether proprietary or open source) has had no need for that, so I don't think it's a good idea to make the API more complex. Performance of Windows guests is going to be bad anyway with userspace APIC. From what I have seen the exit cost with KVM is significantly lower than with WHP/Hyper-V. I don't think performance of Windows guests with userspace APIC emulation would be bad if CR8 exits could be avoided (Linux guests perf isn't bad from what I have observed and the main difference is the astronomical number of CR8 exits). It seems like it would be pretty decent although I agree if you want the absolute best performance then you would want to use the in kernel APIC to speed up handling of ICR/EOI writes but those are relatively infrequent compared to CR8 accesses . Anyway I just saw Sean's response while writing this and it seems he is not in favor of avoiding CR8 exits w/o the in kernel APIC either so I suppose we will have to look into making use of the in kernel APIC. Doug > Paolo > >> Doug >> >> > > For now I think it makes sense to handle BDOOR_CMD_GET_VCPU_INFO at userlevel >> > > like we do on Windows and macOS. >> > > >> > > BDOOR_CMD_GETTIME/BDOOR_CMD_GETTIMEFULL are similar with the former being >> > > deprecated in favor of the latter. Both do essentially the same thing which is >> > > to return the host OS's time - on Linux this is obtained via gettimeofday. I >> > > believe this is mainly used by tools to fix up the VM's time when resuming from >> > > suspend. I think it is fine to continue handling these at userlevel. >> > >> > As long as the TSC is not involved it should be okay. >> > >> > Paolo >> > >> > > > >> Anyway, one question apart from this: is the API the same for the I/O >> > > > >> port and hypercall backdoors? >> > > > > >> > > > > Yeah the calls and arguments are the same. The hypercall based >> > > > > interface is an attempt to modernize the backdoor since as you pointed >> > > > > out the I/O based interface is kind of hacky as it bypasses the normal >> > > > > checks for an I/O port access at CPL3. It would be nice to get rid of >> > > > > it but unfortunately I don't think that will happen in the foreseeable >> > > > > future as there are a lot of existing VMs out there with older SW that >> > > > > still uses this interface. >> > > > >> > > > Yeah, but I think it still justifies that the KVM_ENABLE_CAP API can >> > > > enable the hypercall but not the I/O port. >> > > > >> > > > Paolo >> > >> >> -- >> This electronic communication and the information and any files transmitted >> with it, or attached to it, are confidential and are intended solely for >> the use of the individual or entity to whom it is addressed and may contain >> information that is confidential, legally privileged, protected by privacy >> laws, or otherwise restricted from disclosure to anyone else. If you are >> not the intended recipient or the person responsible for delivering the >> e-mail to the intended recipient, you are hereby notified that any use, >> copying, distributing, dissemination, forwarding, printing, or copying of >> this e-mail is strictly prohibited. If you received this e-mail in error, >> please return the e-mail to the sender, delete it from your computer, and >> destroy any printed copy of it. >> -- This electronic communication and the information and any files transmitted with it, or attached to it, are confidential and are intended solely for the use of the individual or entity to whom it is addressed and may contain information that is confidential, legally privileged, protected by privacy laws, or otherwise restricted from disclosure to anyone else. If you are not the intended recipient or the person responsible for delivering the e-mail to the intended recipient, you are hereby notified that any use, copying, distributing, dissemination, forwarding, printing, or copying of this e-mail is strictly prohibited. If you received this e-mail in error, please return the e-mail to the sender, delete it from your computer, and destroy any printed copy of it.

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