Linaro-mm-sig

linaro-mm-sig@lists.linaro.org

15 participants
7028 discussions

by Flora King

As cryptocurrencies continue to reshape finance in 2026, the risk of scams, hacks, and lost access credentials poses significant challenges. Recovering lost or stolen digital assets requires expert intervention, ChainX Hacker Solution (CHS), accessible via: https://chainxhacksolution.com/ stands out as the best crypto recovery company. With advanced blockchain forensics, Ethical hunting, global partnerships, and a client-centric approach, ChainX Hacker Solutions offers unparalleled solutions to reclaim your assets. This guide highlights the top crypto recovery company services for 2026, with ChainX Hacker Solutions leading the industry, and explores emerging trends and FAQs to guide your recovery journey. They widely recognized as the best crypto recovery company, offers proven solutions to reclaim lost or stolen digital assets. Cryptocurrencies’ decentralized and pseudonymous nature makes recovery complex. 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Follow these practices recommended by ChainX Hacker Solutions, the best crypto recovery company: • Use hardware wallets like Ledger or Trezor for offline storage. • Enable multi-factor authentication (MFA) on all accounts. • Verify platforms and stay informed about emerging scam tactics. • Schedule regular security assessments to stay ahead of threats. Q1: Does working with a recovery service guarantee the return of assets? A1: No, recovery is not guaranteed due to blockchain complexity. However, ChainX Hacker Solutions employs advanced tools and legal strategies to maximize recovery chances. Q2: What types of situations do recovery services help with? A2: ChainX Hacker Solution’s assists with hacked wallets, lost private keys, seed phrase losses, erroneous transactions, crypto scams, and hardware wallet failures. Q3: How long does it take to recover crypto assets? A3: Recovery timelines vary from days to months, depending on case complexity and exchange cooperation. 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ChainX Hacker Solutions (CHS) stands out as the best crypto recovery company. With advanced blockchain forensics, global partnerships, and a client-centric approach, ChainX Hacker Solutions (CHS offers unparalleled solutions to reclaim your assets Secure your assets and leverage ChainX Hacker Solution’s expertise to reclaim your cryptocurrency in 2026. With ChainX Hacker Solution’s proven track record, you can trust the best crypto recovery company to safeguard your digital wealth. As of 2026, ChainX Hacker Solutions was verified as the best crypto recovery company. ChainX Hacker Solutions has earned a reputation as a legitimate and reliable player in the cryptocurrency recovery space. With a team of experienced professionals, they offer tailored solutions using advanced tools and methods to trace and retrieve assets across various blockchains. Customers appreciate ChainX Hacker Solutions for its transparent processes, fast response times, and dedicated support throughout the recovery journey. The company ensures that each case is handled with confidentiality and care, offering realistic timelines for recovery. Many users have praised ChainX Hacker Solutions for its effectiveness in restoring lost crypto, making them a top choice for individuals and businesses facing cryptocurrency-related losses. Overall, ChainX Hacker Solutions stands out for its professionalism, success rate, and commitment to helping crypto investors protect their assets while hunting down exploitability before attackers can exploit them. ChainX Hacker Solutions is the world’s most legitimate and trusted crypto recovery firm, delivering lawful, ethical, and verified solutions to recover stolen crypto, USDT, and hacked wallets. chainxhacksolution.com ChainX Hacker Solutions has emerged as the most successful, fully legalized, and highly trusted crypto recovery company in the industry. Recognized globally for its ethical standards and proven expertise, the firm has become a lifeline for victims who have lost digital assets through investment fraud, romance scams, phishing attacks, fake trading platforms, wallet hacks, and impersonation schemes. What sets ChainX Hacker Solutions apart is its expert-led approach that combines advanced blockchain forensics, transaction tracing, ethical hunting, and legal compliance. Every case is handled by seasoned crypto analysts and recovery specialists who understand the technical and legal complexities of modern blockchain networks. In an industry crowded with false promises, ChainX Hacker Solutions stands as a legitimate service operating within international legal frameworks. The company prioritizes client trust, data security, and clear communication throughout the recovery process. Through professionalism, innovation, and consistent results, ChainX Hacker Solutions has earned its reputation in 2026 as the most reliable crypto recovery expert—restoring not just lost funds, but confidence and peace of mind for scam victims worldwide. Contact us today: Email: chainxhackersolutions(a)chainx.co.site WhatsApp: +44 7768 761569 Website: https://chainxhacksolution.com/ In 2026, crypto recovery services are vital for reclaiming lost or stolen assets. ChainX Hacker Solutions, the best crypto recovery company, leads the industry with its advanced forensics, global partnerships, and client-focused approach. By acting swiftly and engaging ChainX Hacker Solutions, you can navigate the complex recovery process with confidence. Don’t let a scam define your financial future—take action today

1 month, 4 weeks

Best Crypt-ocurrency Recovery Service

by Flora King

Founded in 2010, ChainX Hacker Solutions (CHS) is the best cryptocurrency recovery company, serving clients globally since 2015. Based in London, ChainX Hacker Solutions supports Bitcoin, Ethereum, Multibit, Trezor, MetaMask, and other wallets in 2026 with a 99% success rate. Their comprehensive approach and transparency make them the industry leader.

1 month, 4 weeks

Best Cry-pto Reco-very Company

by Flora King

1 month, 4 weeks

Digital Financial Crimes Investigation Specialist

by waltonaltinger＠gmail.com

Digital Assets Forensics & Recovery Specialist I am a dedicated Digital Assets Forensics and Recovery Specialist with a strong commitment to helping individuals, businesses, and organizations navigate the complex world of digital asset investigations and recovery. My professional journey has been built on continuous learning, practical experience, and a deep understanding of blockchain technology, cryptocurrency ecosystems, cybersecurity principles, and digital forensic methodologies. Over the years, I have developed expertise in blockchain transaction tracing, cryptocurrency wallet analysis, digital asset investigations, forensic evidence collection, cyber fraud assessment, and asset recovery support. My approach combines technical knowledge with meticulous attention to detail, ensuring that every investigation is conducted professionally, ethically, and in compliance with industry standards. I specialize in analyzing cryptocurrency transactions across multiple blockchain networks, identifying transaction patterns, tracing asset movements, and providing detailed forensic reports that support recovery efforts and dispute resolution. Through the use of advanced analytical techniques and industry-recognized tools, I assist clients in understanding the flow of digital assets and uncovering critical information that may aid in recovery processes. My services are founded on integrity, transparency, confidentiality, and client-focused solutions. I understand the financial and emotional impact that digital asset losses can have on individuals and organizations, which is why I am committed to delivering thorough investigations, clear communication, and professional guidance throughout every stage of the recovery journey. As the digital asset landscape continues to evolve, I remain dedicated to staying at the forefront of emerging technologies, blockchain developments, cybersecurity threats, and forensic best practices. My goal is to provide reliable, professional, and results-oriented digital asset forensic services that help clients protect their interests and make informed decisions. Whether supporting cryptocurrency investigations, forensic analysis, asset tracing, or recovery-related assessments, I bring professionalism, expertise, and a passion for excellence to every engagement. My mission is to contribute to a safer digital financial environment by helping clients navigate complex digital asset challenges with confidence and clarity. Contact us via email: digitalassetforensics(a)usa.com/ whatsapp: +15802059111

1 month, 4 weeks

Escape Road 2: Every Second Counts

by dejemiv379＠aratrin.com

Escape Road 2 transforms a simple escape concept into an exciting challenge filled with action and suspense. Its engaging gameplay, evolving difficulty, and urban setting make it a standout choice for players seeking fast-paced entertainment. Whether you're aiming to beat your personal record or simply enjoy the thrill of the chase, Escape Road 2 offers plenty of reasons to get behind the wheel. Many driving games focus solely on speed, but Escape Road 2 combines speed with strategy. The constant pressure of the pursuit, the variety of escape routes, and the progression system work together to create a highly replayable experience. Every chase tells a different story. Some end in dramatic crashes, while others become legendary escapes that last far longer than expected. This unpredictability is one of the game's greatest strengths. Play https://escaperoad2.io

2 months

[PATCH v20 0/4] Rust bindings for gem shmem

by Lyude Paul

Most of this patch series has already been pushed upstream, this is just the second half of the patch series that has not been pushed yet + some additional changes which were required to implement changes requested by the mailing list. This patch series is originally from Asahi, previously posted by Daniel Almeida. The previous version of the patch series can be found here: https://patchwork.freedesktop.org/series/164580/ Branch with patches applied available here: https://gitlab.freedesktop.org/lyudess/linux/-/commits/rust/gem-shmem This patch series applies on top of drm-rust-next Patch-series wide changes since V15: * Fix some major rebasing errors I somehow didn't notice :( * Drop the dependency on LazyInit, use the trick that Alice suggested instead. * Fix dependency ordering so that Tyr can get the vmap stuff first without the other bits. Patch-series wide changes since V16: * Fix ordering one more time (SetOnce::reset() doesn't need to come before adding vmap functions) * Rebase against the latest DeviceContext changes from me that got pushed. Patch-series wide changes since V20: * Lots of Sashiko fixes, excluding the comments that I couldn't prove weren't just bogus. Lyude Paul (4): rust: drm: gem: shmem: Add DmaResvGuard helper rust: drm: gem: shmem: Add vmap functions rust: faux: Allow retrieving a bound Device rust: drm: gem: Introduce shmem::Object::sg_table() rust/kernel/drm/gem/shmem.rs | 546 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++- rust/kernel/faux.rs | 16 +- 2 files changed, 546 insertions(+), 16 deletions(-) base-commit: 848bf57e98e1678ce7a49eb4e0bf0502da95dc07 -- 2.54.0

2 months

Why I Keep Coming Back to Agario Even After Getting Eaten a Hundred Times

by xenacious.hoverfly.pnxc＠hidingmail.net

I’ve played a lot of casual browser games over the years. Some lasted a few days before I forgot about them, while others became little habits that I’d revisit whenever I had a few spare minutes. One game that somehow keeps finding its way back into my bookmarks is agario. Play now: https://agario-free.com At first glance, it looks ridiculously simple. You control a tiny circle, move around a giant map, eat pellets, grow bigger, and avoid getting eaten by larger players. That's basically it. But if you've ever spent more than ten minutes playing, you know there's something strangely addictive hiding beneath that simple concept. I've had moments where I felt unstoppable, moments where I laughed out loud at my own mistakes, and moments where I seriously questioned why I kept clicking "Play Again" after losing everything in three seconds. And somehow, that's exactly why I love it. The First Time I Played Agario The first time I opened agario, I honestly didn't expect much. The graphics were basic. There was no tutorial. No complicated progression system. No cinematic introduction. I spawned as a tiny cell and started wandering around collecting colorful dots. For about thirty seconds, everything felt peaceful. Then a giant player appeared from nowhere and swallowed me instantly. Game over. I remember staring at my screen thinking, "Wait... that's it?" A few seconds later, I clicked Play Again. Then again. Then again. Before I knew it, an hour had disappeared. That's when I realized the magic of the game isn't in complexity. It's in the constant cycle of risk, growth, and loss. Every match feels like a fresh start. Why Growing Bigger Feels So Satisfying There's something deeply satisfying about watching your tiny cell slowly become a giant blob. At the beginning of each game, you're vulnerable. Everybody looks dangerous. You spend your time avoiding threats and carefully collecting mass wherever you can find it. Then something changes. You start getting bigger. Suddenly, the players that terrified you a few minutes ago become your targets. That shift in power creates an incredible feeling of progression, even though nothing carries over between matches. One of my favorite memories was surviving for nearly twenty minutes and climbing into the top ten players on the server. I wasn't even trying to be aggressive. I was just playing carefully, avoiding traps, and picking smart opportunities. Watching my name slowly rise on the leaderboard felt surprisingly rewarding. Of course, that success didn't last. Because this is agario. Success never lasts forever. The Funniest Mistakes I've Made The "Easy Target" Disaster One thing I've learned is that confidence can be dangerous. I once spotted a smaller player moving awkwardly near the edge of the map. They looked trapped. I thought I had an easy meal. I rushed toward them without thinking. The next thing I knew, they split into multiple pieces, baited me into a bad position, and led me directly into a player that was twice my size. Within two seconds, I went from hunter to lunch. I couldn't even be mad. The trap was honestly impressive. Accidentally Helping My Enemy Another embarrassing moment happened when I tried to escape from a larger player. In my panic, I ejected mass in the wrong direction. Instead of creating distance, I essentially fed the person chasing me. I made them bigger. They caught me almost immediately. It felt like handing a thief the keys to my own house. The Wall Corner Panic Every experienced player knows this feeling. You're trying to escape. A massive player is gaining on you. You glance at the map. And suddenly realize you've backed yourself into a corner. There is no escape route. No clever strategy. No miracle play. Just acceptance. Those moments always make me laugh because they feel so avoidable in hindsight. The Most Frustrating Experience Getting Huge and Losing Everything If you've played agario, you've probably experienced this. You spend fifteen or twenty minutes building your mass. You're focused. You're careful. You're making smart decisions. You finally reach a size that feels powerful. Then one tiny mistake destroys everything. Maybe you split at the wrong moment. Maybe you get trapped between multiple players. Maybe a virus launches you into a terrible position. Whatever the reason, your giant empire disappears in seconds. I still remember one match where I had my best run of the week. I was sitting comfortably on the leaderboard and feeling invincible. Then I got greedy. I chased a player that wasn't worth the risk. A larger opponent appeared from off-screen. Game over. Twenty minutes of progress vanished instantly. For about five seconds, I considered quitting. Then I clicked Play Again. Surprising Things I Learned From Playing Patience Beats Aggression When I first started, I thought the goal was to chase every smaller player I saw. That strategy rarely worked. The more I played, the more I realized that patience wins far more games. Some of my best runs happened when I focused on survival instead of domination. Avoiding unnecessary risks often leads to bigger rewards later. Bigger Isn't Always Better One thing that surprised me was how difficult movement becomes when you're enormous. A huge cell has power, but it also becomes slower and less flexible. Sometimes medium-sized players can outmaneuver giants and create opportunities that larger players can't respond to quickly enough. The game has a surprisingly balanced risk-reward system. Reading Other Players Matters Many players develop recognizable habits. Some are aggressive. Some are cautious. Some rely heavily on split attacks. After enough matches, I started paying attention to player behavior rather than just player size. That small adjustment improved my survival rate dramatically. My Personal Tips for New Players Stay Near Open Space Getting trapped is one of the most common ways to lose. Whenever possible, I try to keep multiple escape routes available. Don't Chase Everything Not every smaller player is worth pursuing. Sometimes the safest choice is to continue farming pellets and wait for better opportunities. Watch the Entire Screen Tunnel vision is dangerous. It's easy to focus on a target and forget to monitor surrounding threats. Many of my worst defeats happened because I ignored what was happening just outside my field of view. Learn From Every Defeat This sounds obvious, but it helps. Whenever I lose a large amount of mass, I try to identify exactly what went wrong. Most deaths aren't random. They're usually the result of a decision I made thirty seconds earlier. Why Agario Still Feels Fresh What impresses me most about agario is how simple mechanics continue creating unique stories. Every match feels different. Some games are calm and strategic. Others become chaotic battles involving dozens of players. Sometimes I spend ten minutes surviving against impossible odds. Other times I get eaten within fifteen seconds. That unpredictability keeps the experience interesting. No unlocks are required. No battle passes. No complicated systems. Just pure player interaction creating unexpected moments. And honestly, that's refreshing. Final Thoughts Even after all these years, agario remains one of those games I can launch when I want something quick, competitive, and entertaining. It's simple enough for anyone to understand within minutes, yet deep enough to produce memorable stories every time you play. I've laughed at ridiculous mistakes, celebrated unlikely victories, and experienced the heartbreak of losing massive cells after long runs. Somehow, all those emotions are packed into a game built around colorful circles eating each other. That's probably why I keep coming back. No matter how many times I get eaten, there's always that feeling that the next run might be the one where everything goes perfectly. Or at least lasts a little longer. Have you tried it yet? Share your funniest agario moment, or let me know if you've discovered any other fun games worth checking out!

2 months

[PATCH v6 1/2] accel/rocket: Fix error path handling in rocket_job_run()

by ZhaoJinming

In rocket_job_run(), after taking an extra fence reference for job->done_fence via dma_fence_get(), the error paths have three bugs: - The dma_fence reference held by job->done_fence is never released, causing a reference leak. - pm_runtime_get_sync() increments the usage counter even on failure, but the error path does not decrement it, leaking the runtime PM reference and preventing the NPU from suspending. - A valid but unsignaled fence is returned to the DRM scheduler, which triggers WARN("Fence ... released with pending signals!") when the scheduler drops its reference. Fix by replacing pm_runtime_get_sync() with pm_runtime_resume_and_get() which auto-balances the usage counter on failure, releasing both fence references on error, and returning ERR_PTR(ret) instead of the unsignaled fence. Cc: stable(a)vger.kernel.org Fixes: 0810d5ad88a1 ("accel/rocket: Add job submission IOCTL") Signed-off-by: ZhaoJinming <zhaojinming(a)uniontech.com> --- drivers/accel/rocket/rocket_job.c | 19 ++++++++++++++----- 1 file changed, 14 insertions(+), 5 deletions(-) diff --git a/drivers/accel/rocket/rocket_job.c b/drivers/accel/rocket/rocket_job.c index ac51bff39833..e8a073e22ac2 100644 --- a/drivers/accel/rocket/rocket_job.c +++ b/drivers/accel/rocket/rocket_job.c @@ -310,13 +310,22 @@ static struct dma_fence *rocket_job_run(struct drm_sched_job *sched_job) dma_fence_put(job->done_fence); job->done_fence = dma_fence_get(fence); - ret = pm_runtime_get_sync(core->dev); - if (ret < 0) - return fence; + ret = pm_runtime_resume_and_get(core->dev); + if (ret < 0) { + dma_fence_put(job->done_fence); + job->done_fence = NULL; + dma_fence_put(fence); + return ERR_PTR(ret); + } ret = iommu_attach_group(job->domain->domain, core->iommu_group); - if (ret < 0) - return fence; + if (ret < 0) { + pm_runtime_put(core->dev); + dma_fence_put(job->done_fence); + job->done_fence = NULL; + dma_fence_put(fence); + return ERR_PTR(ret); + } scoped_guard(mutex, &core->job_lock) { core->in_flight_job = job; -- 2.20.1

2 months

What Is Cryptera Chain Signals

by morganhawkman68＠gmail.com

Cryptera Chain Signals is a leading specialist firm in cryptocurrency recovery, blockchain forensics, and digital asset tracing. Established to address the growing challenges of crypto fraud in 2026, the company combines cutting-edge technology with deep investigative expertise to help individuals and businesses recover stolen or lost cryptocurrency. Our Mission To provide victims of cryptocurrency scams, hacks, and wallet compromises with professional, ethical, and effective recovery solutions. We believe that while blockchain transactions are irreversible by design, advanced forensics and strategic coordination can often turn the tide in favour of rightful owners. Core Services 1. Blockchain Forensics & Asset Tracing Using proprietary AI-powered tools, Cryptera Chain Signals performs deep multi-chain analysis to track stolen funds across Bitcoin, Ethereum, Solana, and other major networks. We identify laundering patterns, mixer usage, cross-chain bridges, and peeling chains that many basic tools miss. 2. Scam Recovery & Fraud Investigation Specialised support for victims of: Phishing and wallet drain attacks DeFi rug pulls and exit scams Pig butchering and romance scams Fake investment platforms Business email compromise (BEC) 3. Wallet Access Recovery Assistance with compromised accounts, lost credentials, and certain hardware/software wallet issues (where technically and legally feasible). 4. Exchange Coordination & Asset Freezing Strong global relationships with major cryptocurrency exchanges enable rapid coordination for asset freezes and information requests when stolen funds are traceable to compliant platforms. 5. Forensic Reporting & Legal Support Detailed, court-admissible reports that victims can use for: Law enforcement complaints Insurance claims Civil litigation Regulatory submissions 6. Post-Recovery Security Hardening Comprehensive security audits and personalised recommendations to help clients prevent future losses. Why Choose Cryptera Chain Signals Advanced Technology: AI-driven analytics and proprietary tracing systems optimised for 2026 threats. Transparency: Honest initial assessments with realistic expectations — no false guarantees. Ethical Approach: Success-oriented fee structures and strict adherence to data protection laws (including GDPR). Rapid Response: Critical speed advantage in time-sensitive cases. Global Reach: Ability to coordinate across jurisdictions and major exchanges. Client-Focused: Clear communication, secure client portals, and dedicated support throughout the process. Our Approach Every case begins with a confidential consultation. We review transaction details, wallet addresses, and available evidence before providing a professional opinion on recovery feasibility. Only cases with reasonable prospects move forward, ensuring we maintain high success rates in traceable scenarios. Contact Cryptera Chain Signals Website: https://www.crypterachainsignals.com/ Email: info(a)crypterachainsignals.com Cryptera Chain Signals is committed to professionalism, integrity, and delivering meaningful results for victims of cryptocurrency crime. If you have lost digital assets, early action with experienced specialists offers the best opportunity for recovery.

2 months

[PATCH 00/15] accel/qda: Qualcomm DSP Accelerator driver

by Ekansh Gupta via B4 Relay

This patch series introduces the Qualcomm DSP Accelerator (QDA) driver, a DRM-based accelerator driver for Qualcomm DSPs. The driver provides a standardized interface for offloading computational tasks to DSPs found on Qualcomm SoCs, supporting all DSP domains. The QDA driver implements the FastRPC protocol over the DRM accel subsystem. It uses the same device-tree node structure as the existing fastrpc driver in drivers/misc/. The approach for binding the QDA driver to device-tree nodes while coexisting with the fastrpc driver is an open item described below. RFC thread: https://lore.kernel.org/dri-devel/20260224-qda-firstpost-v1-0-fe46a9c1a046@… User-space staging branch ========================= https://github.com/qualcomm/fastrpc/tree/accel/staging Key Features ============ * Standard DRM accelerator interface via /dev/accel/accelN * GEM-based buffer management with DMA-BUF import/export (PRIME) * IOMMU-based memory isolation using per-process context banks * FastRPC protocol implementation for DSP communication * RPMsg transport layer for reliable message passing * Support for all DSP domains (ADSP, CDSP, SDSP, GDSP) * DRM IOCTL interface for DSP session management, buffer allocation, and remote procedure invocation Architecture ============ 1. DRM Accelerator Framework Integration The driver registers as a DRM accel device, exposing a standard /dev/accel/accelN character device node. This provides established DRM infrastructure for device management, file operations, and IOCTL dispatch. 2. Memory Management Buffers are managed as GEM objects with full PRIME support for DMA-BUF import/export. This enables seamless buffer sharing with other DRM drivers (GPU, camera, video) using standard kernel mechanisms. 3. IOMMU Context Bank Management IOMMU context banks (CBs) are represented as proper struct device instances on a custom virtual bus (qda-compute-cb). Each CB device is registered with the IOMMU subsystem and receives its own IOMMU domain, enabling per-session address space isolation. The custom bus was introduced because IOMMU context banks are synthetic constructs — not real platform devices — and to ensure CB device lifetime is strictly subordinate to the parent QDA device. See also: https://lore.kernel.org/all/245d602f-3037-4ae3-9af9-d98f37258aae@oss.qualco… 4. Memory Manager Architecture A pluggable memory manager coordinates IOMMU device assignment and buffer allocation. The current implementation uses a DMA-coherent backend with SID-prefixed DMA addresses for DSP firmware compatibility. 5. Transport Layer RPMsg communication is handled in a dedicated transport layer (qda_rpmsg.c), separate from the core DRM driver logic. 6. Code Organization The driver is organized across multiple files (~4600 lines total): * qda_drv.c: Core driver and DRM integration * qda_rpmsg.c: RPMsg transport layer * qda_cb.c: Context bank device management * qda_compute_bus.c: Custom virtual bus for CB devices * qda_gem.c: GEM object management * qda_prime.c: DMA-BUF import (PRIME) * qda_memory_manager.c: IOMMU device registry and allocation * qda_memory_dma.c: DMA-coherent allocation backend * qda_fastrpc.c: FastRPC protocol implementation * qda_ioctl.c: IOCTL dispatch 7. UAPI Design The driver exposes DRM-style IOCTLs defined in include/uapi/drm/qda_accel.h, following DRM UAPI conventions (__u32/__u64 types, C++ guard, GPL-2.0-only WITH Linux-syscall-note). Patch Series Organization ========================== Patch 01: MAINTAINERS entry Patch 02: Driver documentation (Documentation/accel/qda/) Patches 03-04: Core driver skeleton and compute bus Patch 05: iommu: Register qda-compute-cb bus with IOMMU subsystem Patches 06-07: CB device enumeration and memory manager Patch 08: QUERY IOCTL and UAPI header Patches 09-11: GEM buffer management and PRIME import Patches 12-15: FastRPC protocol (invoke, session create/release, map/unmap) Open Items =========== 1. Device-Tree Compatible String The QDA driver uses the same device-tree node structure and properties as the existing fastrpc driver in drivers/misc/. A mechanism is needed to allow the QDA driver to bind to its device node independently of the fastrpc driver. The intended coexistence model is: platforms that require the complete fastrpc feature set continue to use "qcom,fastrpc"; new platforms where a feature available only in QDA takes priority, or where QDA's current feature set is sufficient, use a QDA-specific compatible string. New feature development is directed toward QDA rather than the existing fastrpc driver. As QDA matures toward feature parity with fastrpc, platforms can adopt the QDA-specific compatible string exclusively. The options under consideration are: a) Add a new "qcom,qda" compatible string to the existing qcom,fastrpc.yaml binding, since the DT node structure and properties are identical. This avoids a separate binding file but adds a QDA-specific string to a fastrpc binding. b) Introduce a separate qcom,qda.yaml binding that references or inherits the fastrpc binding properties. Seeking guidance from DT binding maintainers on the preferred approach. 2. Privilege Level Management Currently, daemon processes and user processes have the same access level as both use the same accel device node. This needs to be addressed as daemons attach to privileged DSP protection domains and require higher privilege levels for system-level operations. Seeking guidance on the best approach: separate device nodes, capability-based checks, or DRM master/authentication mechanisms. 3. UAPI Compatibility Layer A compatibility layer is needed to facilitate migration of client applications from the existing FastRPC UAPI to the new QDA UAPI, ensuring a smooth transition for existing userspace code. Seeking guidance on the preferred implementation approach: in-kernel translation layer, userspace wrapper library, or hybrid solution. An initial evaluation of an in-kernel translation shim was performed, where legacy FastRPC device nodes (/dev/fastrpc-*) are exposed and requests are internally routed to the QDA accel driver. The goal was to keep the compatibility layer minimal, reuse existing QDA helper paths (attach, buffer allocation, mapping, etc.), and avoid duplication of GEM and buffer management logic. However, the following challenges were identified: a) Dependency on drm_file for QDA helpers QDA relies on GEM-backed allocations and per-client handle namespaces, which require a valid struct drm_file. Since GEM handles are scoped per drm_file, the compatibility layer cannot directly reuse QDA helper paths without establishing a proper drm_file context for each client. b) Lack of public API for drm_file creation Creating a drm_file directly (similar to mock_drm_getfile()-style approaches) is not feasible, as the required helpers (drm_file_alloc(), drm_file_free(), etc.) are internal to the DRM core and not exported. This prevents external drivers from safely constructing and managing drm_file instances. c) VFS-based open is not a viable solution Opening the underlying accel device (/dev/accel/accelN) from the compatibility driver via filp_open() does provide a valid drm_file, but introduces reliance on userspace-visible device paths, lack of stability in containerized or chroot environments, and no clean mapping between legacy device nodes and accel devices. d) Userspace proxy limitations (CUSE) A CUSE-based userspace proxy was evaluated. However, DMA-buf file descriptors passed by legacy applications cannot be directly reused in the CUSE daemon (file descriptors are process-specific), which breaks buffer sharing semantics. e) drm_client-based approaches do not match requirements drm_client APIs (used for fbdev emulation) rely on a shared drm_file and do not provide the per-client isolation required by FastRPC semantics. Due to the above constraints, it is currently unclear how to implement an in-kernel compatibility layer that correctly handles per-client drm_file contexts without relying on VFS paths or non-exported DRM internals. 4. Documentation Improvements Add detailed IOCTL usage examples, document DSP firmware interface requirements, and create a migration guide from the existing FastRPC driver. 5. Per-Session Memory Allocation Develop a userspace API to support memory allocation on a per-session basis, enabling session-specific memory management. 6. Audio and Sensors PD Support The current series does not handle Audio PD and Sensors PD functionalities. These specialized protection domains require additional support for real-time constraints and power management. Interface Compatibility ======================== The QDA driver uses the same device-tree node structure and child node layout (including "qcom,fastrpc-compute-cb" child nodes) as the existing fastrpc driver. The underlying FastRPC protocol and DSP firmware interface are compatible with the existing fastrpc driver, ensuring that DSP firmware and libraries continue to work without modification. References ========== Previous discussions on this migration: - https://lkml.org/lkml/2024/6/24/479 - https://lkml.org/lkml/2024/6/21/1252 Testing ======= The driver has been tested on Qualcomm platforms with: - Basic FastRPC attach/release operations - DSP process creation and initialization - Memory mapping/unmapping operations - Dynamic invocation with various buffer types - GEM buffer allocation and mmap - PRIME buffer import from other subsystems Signed-off-by: Ekansh Gupta <ekansh.gupta(a)oss.qualcomm.com> --- Ekansh Gupta (15): MAINTAINERS: Add entry for Qualcomm DSP Accelerator (QDA) driver accel/qda: Add QDA driver documentation accel/qda: Add initial QDA DRM accelerator driver accel/qda: Add compute bus for QDA context banks iommu: Add QDA compute context bank bus to iommu_buses accel/qda: Create compute context bank devices on QDA compute bus accel/qda: Add memory manager for CB devices accel/qda: Add QUERY IOCTL and QDA UAPI header accel/qda: Add DMA-backed GEM objects and memory manager integration accel/qda: Add GEM_CREATE and GEM_MMAP_OFFSET IOCTLs accel/qda: Add PRIME DMA-BUF import support accel/qda: Add FastRPC invocation support accel/qda: Add DSP process creation and release accel/qda: Add remote memory mapping to DSP address space accel/qda: Add remote memory unmap from DSP address space Documentation/accel/index.rst | 1 + Documentation/accel/qda/index.rst | 13 + Documentation/accel/qda/qda.rst | 146 +++++ MAINTAINERS | 9 + drivers/accel/Kconfig | 1 + drivers/accel/Makefile | 2 + drivers/accel/qda/Kconfig | 34 + drivers/accel/qda/Makefile | 19 + drivers/accel/qda/qda_cb.c | 146 +++++ drivers/accel/qda/qda_cb.h | 32 + drivers/accel/qda/qda_compute_bus.c | 68 ++ drivers/accel/qda/qda_drv.c | 192 ++++++ drivers/accel/qda/qda_drv.h | 91 +++ drivers/accel/qda/qda_fastrpc.c | 1058 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ drivers/accel/qda/qda_fastrpc.h | 390 ++++++++++++ drivers/accel/qda/qda_gem.c | 177 ++++++ drivers/accel/qda/qda_gem.h | 62 ++ drivers/accel/qda/qda_ioctl.c | 296 +++++++++ drivers/accel/qda/qda_ioctl.h | 19 + drivers/accel/qda/qda_memory_dma.c | 110 ++++ drivers/accel/qda/qda_memory_dma.h | 17 + drivers/accel/qda/qda_memory_manager.c | 380 ++++++++++++ drivers/accel/qda/qda_memory_manager.h | 75 +++ drivers/accel/qda/qda_prime.c | 184 ++++++ drivers/accel/qda/qda_prime.h | 18 + drivers/accel/qda/qda_rpmsg.c | 248 ++++++++ drivers/accel/qda/qda_rpmsg.h | 30 + drivers/iommu/iommu.c | 4 + include/linux/qda_compute_bus.h | 32 + include/uapi/drm/qda_accel.h | 229 +++++++ 30 files changed, 4083 insertions(+) --- base-commit: 80dd246accce631c328ea43294e53b2b2dd2aa32 change-id: 20260519-qda-series-78c2bf0ed78b Best regards, -- Ekansh Gupta <ekansh.gupta(a)oss.qualcomm.com>

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