This patch converts the timepsec type to timespec64 type, and converts the itimerspec type to itimerspec64 type for the k_clock callback functions.
This patch also converts the timespec type to timespec64 type for timekeeping_clocktai() function which is used only in the posix-timers.c file.
Signed-off-by: Baolin Wang baolin.wang@linaro.org --- include/linux/timekeeping.h | 4 +- kernel/time/posix-timers.c | 96 +++++++++++++++++++++---------------------- kernel/time/timekeeping.h | 2 +- 3 files changed, 51 insertions(+), 51 deletions(-)
diff --git a/include/linux/timekeeping.h b/include/linux/timekeeping.h index 89beb62..c3345d5 100644 --- a/include/linux/timekeeping.h +++ b/include/linux/timekeeping.h @@ -250,9 +250,9 @@ static inline void get_monotonic_boottime64(struct timespec64 *ts) *ts = ktime_to_timespec64(ktime_get_boottime()); }
-static inline void timekeeping_clocktai(struct timespec *ts) +static inline void timekeeping_clocktai(struct timespec64 *ts) { - *ts = ktime_to_timespec(ktime_get_clocktai()); + *ts = ktime_to_timespec64(ktime_get_clocktai()); }
/* diff --git a/kernel/time/posix-timers.c b/kernel/time/posix-timers.c index b93b637..a5bf0cf 100644 --- a/kernel/time/posix-timers.c +++ b/kernel/time/posix-timers.c @@ -132,9 +132,9 @@ static struct k_clock posix_clocks[MAX_CLOCKS]; static int common_nsleep(const clockid_t, int flags, struct timespec *t, struct timespec __user *rmtp); static int common_timer_create(struct k_itimer *new_timer); -static void common_timer_get(struct k_itimer *, struct itimerspec *); +static void common_timer_get(struct k_itimer *, struct itimerspec64 *); static int common_timer_set(struct k_itimer *, int, - struct itimerspec *, struct itimerspec *); + struct itimerspec64 *, struct itimerspec64 *); static int common_timer_del(struct k_itimer *timer);
static enum hrtimer_restart posix_timer_fn(struct hrtimer *data); @@ -204,17 +204,17 @@ static inline void unlock_timer(struct k_itimer *timr, unsigned long flags) }
/* Get clock_realtime */ -static int posix_clock_realtime_get(clockid_t which_clock, struct timespec *tp) +static int posix_clock_realtime_get(clockid_t which_clock, struct timespec64 *tp) { - ktime_get_real_ts(tp); + ktime_get_real_ts64(tp); return 0; }
/* Set clock_realtime */ static int posix_clock_realtime_set(const clockid_t which_clock, - const struct timespec *tp) + const struct timespec64 *tp) { - return do_sys_settimeofday(tp, NULL); + return do_sys_settimeofday64(tp, NULL); }
static int posix_clock_realtime_adj(const clockid_t which_clock, @@ -226,48 +226,48 @@ static int posix_clock_realtime_adj(const clockid_t which_clock, /* * Get monotonic time for posix timers */ -static int posix_ktime_get_ts(clockid_t which_clock, struct timespec *tp) +static int posix_ktime_get_ts(clockid_t which_clock, struct timespec64 *tp) { - ktime_get_ts(tp); + ktime_get_ts64(tp); return 0; }
/* * Get monotonic-raw time for posix timers */ -static int posix_get_monotonic_raw(clockid_t which_clock, struct timespec *tp) +static int posix_get_monotonic_raw(clockid_t which_clock, struct timespec64 *tp) { - getrawmonotonic(tp); + getrawmonotonic64(tp); return 0; }
-static int posix_get_realtime_coarse(clockid_t which_clock, struct timespec *tp) +static int posix_get_realtime_coarse(clockid_t which_clock, struct timespec64 *tp) { - *tp = current_kernel_time(); + *tp = current_kernel_time64(); return 0; }
static int posix_get_monotonic_coarse(clockid_t which_clock, - struct timespec *tp) + struct timespec64 *tp) { - *tp = get_monotonic_coarse(); + *tp = get_monotonic_coarse64(); return 0; }
-static int posix_get_coarse_res(const clockid_t which_clock, struct timespec *tp) +static int posix_get_coarse_res(const clockid_t which_clock, struct timespec64 *tp) { - *tp = ktime_to_timespec(KTIME_LOW_RES); + *tp = ktime_to_timespec64(KTIME_LOW_RES); return 0; }
-static int posix_get_boottime(const clockid_t which_clock, struct timespec *tp) +static int posix_get_boottime(const clockid_t which_clock, struct timespec64 *tp) { - get_monotonic_boottime(tp); + get_monotonic_boottime64(tp); return 0; }
-static int posix_get_tai(clockid_t which_clock, struct timespec *tp) +static int posix_get_tai(clockid_t which_clock, struct timespec64 *tp) { timekeeping_clocktai(tp); return 0; @@ -279,57 +279,57 @@ static int posix_get_tai(clockid_t which_clock, struct timespec *tp) static __init int init_posix_timers(void) { struct k_clock clock_realtime = { - .clock_getres = hrtimer_get_res, - .clock_get = posix_clock_realtime_get, - .clock_set = posix_clock_realtime_set, + .clock_getres64 = hrtimer_get_res64, + .clock_get64 = posix_clock_realtime_get, + .clock_set64 = posix_clock_realtime_set, .clock_adj = posix_clock_realtime_adj, .nsleep = common_nsleep, .nsleep_restart = hrtimer_nanosleep_restart, .timer_create = common_timer_create, - .timer_set = common_timer_set, - .timer_get = common_timer_get, + .timer_set64 = common_timer_set, + .timer_get64 = common_timer_get, .timer_del = common_timer_del, }; struct k_clock clock_monotonic = { - .clock_getres = hrtimer_get_res, - .clock_get = posix_ktime_get_ts, + .clock_getres64 = hrtimer_get_res64, + .clock_get64 = posix_ktime_get_ts, .nsleep = common_nsleep, .nsleep_restart = hrtimer_nanosleep_restart, .timer_create = common_timer_create, - .timer_set = common_timer_set, - .timer_get = common_timer_get, + .timer_set64 = common_timer_set, + .timer_get64 = common_timer_get, .timer_del = common_timer_del, }; struct k_clock clock_monotonic_raw = { - .clock_getres = hrtimer_get_res, - .clock_get = posix_get_monotonic_raw, + .clock_getres64 = hrtimer_get_res64, + .clock_get64 = posix_get_monotonic_raw, }; struct k_clock clock_realtime_coarse = { - .clock_getres = posix_get_coarse_res, - .clock_get = posix_get_realtime_coarse, + .clock_getres64 = posix_get_coarse_res, + .clock_get64 = posix_get_realtime_coarse, }; struct k_clock clock_monotonic_coarse = { - .clock_getres = posix_get_coarse_res, - .clock_get = posix_get_monotonic_coarse, + .clock_getres64 = posix_get_coarse_res, + .clock_get64 = posix_get_monotonic_coarse, }; struct k_clock clock_tai = { - .clock_getres = hrtimer_get_res, - .clock_get = posix_get_tai, + .clock_getres64 = hrtimer_get_res64, + .clock_get64 = posix_get_tai, .nsleep = common_nsleep, .nsleep_restart = hrtimer_nanosleep_restart, .timer_create = common_timer_create, - .timer_set = common_timer_set, - .timer_get = common_timer_get, + .timer_set64 = common_timer_set, + .timer_get64 = common_timer_get, .timer_del = common_timer_del, }; struct k_clock clock_boottime = { - .clock_getres = hrtimer_get_res, - .clock_get = posix_get_boottime, + .clock_getres64 = hrtimer_get_res64, + .clock_get64 = posix_get_boottime, .nsleep = common_nsleep, .nsleep_restart = hrtimer_nanosleep_restart, .timer_create = common_timer_create, - .timer_set = common_timer_set, - .timer_get = common_timer_get, + .timer_set64 = common_timer_set, + .timer_get64 = common_timer_get, .timer_del = common_timer_del, };
@@ -790,7 +790,7 @@ static struct k_itimer *__lock_timer(timer_t timer_id, unsigned long *flags) * report. */ static void -common_timer_get(struct k_itimer *timr, struct itimerspec *cur_setting) +common_timer_get(struct k_itimer *timr, struct itimerspec64 *cur_setting) { ktime_t now, remaining, iv; struct hrtimer *timer = &timr->it.real.timer; @@ -801,7 +801,7 @@ common_timer_get(struct k_itimer *timr, struct itimerspec *cur_setting)
/* interval timer ? */ if (iv.tv64) - cur_setting->it_interval = ktime_to_timespec(iv); + cur_setting->it_interval = ktime_to_timespec64(iv); else if (!hrtimer_active(timer) && (timr->it_sigev_notify & ~SIGEV_THREAD_ID) != SIGEV_NONE) return; @@ -827,7 +827,7 @@ common_timer_get(struct k_itimer *timr, struct itimerspec *cur_setting) if ((timr->it_sigev_notify & ~SIGEV_THREAD_ID) != SIGEV_NONE) cur_setting->it_value.tv_nsec = 1; } else - cur_setting->it_value = ktime_to_timespec(remaining); + cur_setting->it_value = ktime_to_timespec64(remaining); }
static int __timer_gettime(timer_t timer_id, struct itimerspec64 *cur_setting) @@ -902,7 +902,7 @@ SYSCALL_DEFINE1(timer_getoverrun, timer_t, timer_id) /* timr->it_lock is taken. */ static int common_timer_set(struct k_itimer *timr, int flags, - struct itimerspec *new_setting, struct itimerspec *old_setting) + struct itimerspec64 *new_setting, struct itimerspec64 *old_setting) { struct hrtimer *timer = &timr->it.real.timer; enum hrtimer_mode mode; @@ -931,10 +931,10 @@ common_timer_set(struct k_itimer *timr, int flags, hrtimer_init(&timr->it.real.timer, timr->it_clock, mode); timr->it.real.timer.function = posix_timer_fn;
- hrtimer_set_expires(timer, timespec_to_ktime(new_setting->it_value)); + hrtimer_set_expires(timer, timespec64_to_ktime(new_setting->it_value));
/* Convert interval */ - timr->it.real.interval = timespec_to_ktime(new_setting->it_interval); + timr->it.real.interval = timespec64_to_ktime(new_setting->it_interval);
/* SIGEV_NONE timers are not queued ! See common_timer_get */ if (((timr->it_sigev_notify & ~SIGEV_THREAD_ID) == SIGEV_NONE)) { diff --git a/kernel/time/timekeeping.h b/kernel/time/timekeeping.h index 1d91416..144af14 100644 --- a/kernel/time/timekeeping.h +++ b/kernel/time/timekeeping.h @@ -15,7 +15,7 @@ extern u64 timekeeping_max_deferment(void); extern int timekeeping_inject_offset(struct timespec *ts); extern s32 timekeeping_get_tai_offset(void); extern void timekeeping_set_tai_offset(s32 tai_offset); -extern void timekeeping_clocktai(struct timespec *ts); +extern void timekeeping_clocktai(struct timespec64 *ts); extern int timekeeping_suspend(void); extern void timekeeping_resume(void);
On 11 May 2015 at 19:20, Baolin Wang baolin.wang@linaro.org wrote:
This patch converts the timepsec type to timespec64 type, and converts the itimerspec type to itimerspec64 type for the k_clock callback functions.
This patch also converts the timespec type to timespec64 type for timekeeping_clocktai() function which is used only in the posix-timers.c file.
Signed-off-by: Baolin Wang baolin.wang@linaro.org
include/linux/timekeeping.h | 4 +- kernel/time/posix-timers.c | 96 +++++++++++++++++++++---------------------- kernel/time/timekeeping.h | 2 +- 3 files changed, 51 insertions(+), 51 deletions(-)
diff --git a/include/linux/timekeeping.h b/include/linux/timekeeping.h index 89beb62..c3345d5 100644 --- a/include/linux/timekeeping.h +++ b/include/linux/timekeeping.h @@ -250,9 +250,9 @@ static inline void get_monotonic_boottime64(struct timespec64 *ts) *ts = ktime_to_timespec64(ktime_get_boottime()); }
-static inline void timekeeping_clocktai(struct timespec *ts) +static inline void timekeeping_clocktai(struct timespec64 *ts) {
*ts = ktime_to_timespec(ktime_get_clocktai());
*ts = ktime_to_timespec64(ktime_get_clocktai());
}
/* diff --git a/kernel/time/posix-timers.c b/kernel/time/posix-timers.c index b93b637..a5bf0cf 100644 --- a/kernel/time/posix-timers.c +++ b/kernel/time/posix-timers.c @@ -132,9 +132,9 @@ static struct k_clock posix_clocks[MAX_CLOCKS]; static int common_nsleep(const clockid_t, int flags, struct timespec *t, struct timespec __user *rmtp); static int common_timer_create(struct k_itimer *new_timer); -static void common_timer_get(struct k_itimer *, struct itimerspec *); +static void common_timer_get(struct k_itimer *, struct itimerspec64 *); static int common_timer_set(struct k_itimer *, int,
struct itimerspec *, struct itimerspec *);
struct itimerspec64 *, struct itimerspec64 *);
static int common_timer_del(struct k_itimer *timer);
static enum hrtimer_restart posix_timer_fn(struct hrtimer *data); @@ -204,17 +204,17 @@ static inline void unlock_timer(struct k_itimer *timr, unsigned long flags) }
/* Get clock_realtime */ -static int posix_clock_realtime_get(clockid_t which_clock, struct timespec *tp) +static int posix_clock_realtime_get(clockid_t which_clock, struct timespec64 *tp) {
ktime_get_real_ts(tp);
ktime_get_real_ts64(tp); return 0;
}
/* Set clock_realtime */ static int posix_clock_realtime_set(const clockid_t which_clock,
const struct timespec *tp)
const struct timespec64 *tp)
{
return do_sys_settimeofday(tp, NULL);
return do_sys_settimeofday64(tp, NULL);
}
static int posix_clock_realtime_adj(const clockid_t which_clock, @@ -226,48 +226,48 @@ static int posix_clock_realtime_adj(const clockid_t which_clock, /*
- Get monotonic time for posix timers
*/ -static int posix_ktime_get_ts(clockid_t which_clock, struct timespec *tp) +static int posix_ktime_get_ts(clockid_t which_clock, struct timespec64 *tp) {
ktime_get_ts(tp);
ktime_get_ts64(tp); return 0;
}
/*
- Get monotonic-raw time for posix timers
*/ -static int posix_get_monotonic_raw(clockid_t which_clock, struct timespec *tp) +static int posix_get_monotonic_raw(clockid_t which_clock, struct timespec64 *tp) {
getrawmonotonic(tp);
getrawmonotonic64(tp); return 0;
}
-static int posix_get_realtime_coarse(clockid_t which_clock, struct timespec *tp) +static int posix_get_realtime_coarse(clockid_t which_clock, struct timespec64 *tp) {
*tp = current_kernel_time();
*tp = current_kernel_time64(); return 0;
}
static int posix_get_monotonic_coarse(clockid_t which_clock,
struct timespec *tp)
struct timespec64 *tp)
{
*tp = get_monotonic_coarse();
*tp = get_monotonic_coarse64(); return 0;
}
-static int posix_get_coarse_res(const clockid_t which_clock, struct timespec *tp) +static int posix_get_coarse_res(const clockid_t which_clock, struct timespec64 *tp) {
*tp = ktime_to_timespec(KTIME_LOW_RES);
*tp = ktime_to_timespec64(KTIME_LOW_RES); return 0;
}
-static int posix_get_boottime(const clockid_t which_clock, struct timespec *tp) +static int posix_get_boottime(const clockid_t which_clock, struct timespec64 *tp) {
get_monotonic_boottime(tp);
get_monotonic_boottime64(tp); return 0;
}
-static int posix_get_tai(clockid_t which_clock, struct timespec *tp) +static int posix_get_tai(clockid_t which_clock, struct timespec64 *tp) { timekeeping_clocktai(tp); return 0; @@ -279,57 +279,57 @@ static int posix_get_tai(clockid_t which_clock, struct timespec *tp) static __init int init_posix_timers(void) { struct k_clock clock_realtime = {
.clock_getres = hrtimer_get_res,
.clock_get = posix_clock_realtime_get,
.clock_set = posix_clock_realtime_set,
.clock_getres64 = hrtimer_get_res64,
.clock_get64 = posix_clock_realtime_get,
.clock_set64 = posix_clock_realtime_set, .clock_adj = posix_clock_realtime_adj, .nsleep = common_nsleep, .nsleep_restart = hrtimer_nanosleep_restart, .timer_create = common_timer_create,
.timer_set = common_timer_set,
.timer_get = common_timer_get,
.timer_set64 = common_timer_set,
.timer_get64 = common_timer_get, .timer_del = common_timer_del, }; struct k_clock clock_monotonic = {
.clock_getres = hrtimer_get_res,
.clock_get = posix_ktime_get_ts,
.clock_getres64 = hrtimer_get_res64,
.clock_get64 = posix_ktime_get_ts, .nsleep = common_nsleep, .nsleep_restart = hrtimer_nanosleep_restart, .timer_create = common_timer_create,
.timer_set = common_timer_set,
.timer_get = common_timer_get,
.timer_set64 = common_timer_set,
.timer_get64 = common_timer_get, .timer_del = common_timer_del, }; struct k_clock clock_monotonic_raw = {
.clock_getres = hrtimer_get_res,
.clock_get = posix_get_monotonic_raw,
.clock_getres64 = hrtimer_get_res64,
.clock_get64 = posix_get_monotonic_raw, }; struct k_clock clock_realtime_coarse = {
.clock_getres = posix_get_coarse_res,
.clock_get = posix_get_realtime_coarse,
.clock_getres64 = posix_get_coarse_res,
.clock_get64 = posix_get_realtime_coarse, }; struct k_clock clock_monotonic_coarse = {
.clock_getres = posix_get_coarse_res,
.clock_get = posix_get_monotonic_coarse,
.clock_getres64 = posix_get_coarse_res,
.clock_get64 = posix_get_monotonic_coarse, }; struct k_clock clock_tai = {
.clock_getres = hrtimer_get_res,
.clock_get = posix_get_tai,
.clock_getres64 = hrtimer_get_res64,
.clock_get64 = posix_get_tai, .nsleep = common_nsleep, .nsleep_restart = hrtimer_nanosleep_restart, .timer_create = common_timer_create,
.timer_set = common_timer_set,
.timer_get = common_timer_get,
.timer_set64 = common_timer_set,
.timer_get64 = common_timer_get, .timer_del = common_timer_del, }; struct k_clock clock_boottime = {
.clock_getres = hrtimer_get_res,
.clock_get = posix_get_boottime,
.clock_getres64 = hrtimer_get_res64,
.clock_get64 = posix_get_boottime, .nsleep = common_nsleep, .nsleep_restart = hrtimer_nanosleep_restart, .timer_create = common_timer_create,
.timer_set = common_timer_set,
.timer_get = common_timer_get,
.timer_set64 = common_timer_set,
.timer_get64 = common_timer_get, .timer_del = common_timer_del, };
@@ -790,7 +790,7 @@ static struct k_itimer *__lock_timer(timer_t timer_id, unsigned long *flags)
- report.
*/ static void -common_timer_get(struct k_itimer *timr, struct itimerspec *cur_setting) +common_timer_get(struct k_itimer *timr, struct itimerspec64 *cur_setting) { ktime_t now, remaining, iv; struct hrtimer *timer = &timr->it.real.timer; @@ -801,7 +801,7 @@ common_timer_get(struct k_itimer *timr, struct itimerspec *cur_setting)
/* interval timer ? */ if (iv.tv64)
cur_setting->it_interval = ktime_to_timespec(iv);
cur_setting->it_interval = ktime_to_timespec64(iv); else if (!hrtimer_active(timer) && (timr->it_sigev_notify & ~SIGEV_THREAD_ID) != SIGEV_NONE) return;
@@ -827,7 +827,7 @@ common_timer_get(struct k_itimer *timr, struct itimerspec *cur_setting) if ((timr->it_sigev_notify & ~SIGEV_THREAD_ID) != SIGEV_NONE) cur_setting->it_value.tv_nsec = 1; } else
cur_setting->it_value = ktime_to_timespec(remaining);
cur_setting->it_value = ktime_to_timespec64(remaining);
}
static int __timer_gettime(timer_t timer_id, struct itimerspec64 *cur_setting) @@ -902,7 +902,7 @@ SYSCALL_DEFINE1(timer_getoverrun, timer_t, timer_id) /* timr->it_lock is taken. */ static int common_timer_set(struct k_itimer *timr, int flags,
struct itimerspec *new_setting, struct itimerspec
*old_setting)
struct itimerspec64 *new_setting, struct itimerspec64
*old_setting) { struct hrtimer *timer = &timr->it.real.timer; enum hrtimer_mode mode; @@ -931,10 +931,10 @@ common_timer_set(struct k_itimer *timr, int flags, hrtimer_init(&timr->it.real.timer, timr->it_clock, mode); timr->it.real.timer.function = posix_timer_fn;
hrtimer_set_expires(timer,
timespec_to_ktime(new_setting->it_value));
hrtimer_set_expires(timer,
timespec64_to_ktime(new_setting->it_value));
/* Convert interval */
timr->it.real.interval =
timespec_to_ktime(new_setting->it_interval);
timr->it.real.interval =
timespec64_to_ktime(new_setting->it_interval);
/* SIGEV_NONE timers are not queued ! See common_timer_get */ if (((timr->it_sigev_notify & ~SIGEV_THREAD_ID) == SIGEV_NONE)) {
diff --git a/kernel/time/timekeeping.h b/kernel/time/timekeeping.h index 1d91416..144af14 100644 --- a/kernel/time/timekeeping.h +++ b/kernel/time/timekeeping.h @@ -15,7 +15,7 @@ extern u64 timekeeping_max_deferment(void); extern int timekeeping_inject_offset(struct timespec *ts); extern s32 timekeeping_get_tai_offset(void); extern void timekeeping_set_tai_offset(s32 tai_offset); -extern void timekeeping_clocktai(struct timespec *ts); +extern void timekeeping_clocktai(struct timespec64 *ts); extern int timekeeping_suspend(void); extern void timekeeping_resume(void);
-- 1.7.9.5
Hi Thomas,
Except the syscall functions need to be split up into small patches, and the rest patches(patch 15/patch 16/patch 17/patch 18/patch 21) need to continue to be split up? or what do you think the split i did in PATCH v3?
Looking forward your answers. Thanks a lot!
On Monday 11 May 2015 19:20:39 Baolin Wang wrote:
diff --git a/include/linux/timekeeping.h b/include/linux/timekeeping.h index 89beb62..c3345d5 100644 --- a/include/linux/timekeeping.h +++ b/include/linux/timekeeping.h @@ -250,9 +250,9 @@ static inline void get_monotonic_boottime64(struct timespec64 *ts) *ts = ktime_to_timespec64(ktime_get_boottime()); } -static inline void timekeeping_clocktai(struct timespec *ts) +static inline void timekeeping_clocktai(struct timespec64 *ts) {
*ts = ktime_to_timespec(ktime_get_clocktai());
*ts = ktime_to_timespec64(ktime_get_clocktai());
} /*
I believe Thomas has already mentioned before that the change to the timekeeping_clocktai() function is not obvious here. I'd suggest you split out the changes here along with the posix_get_tai() that calls it into its own patch with a good description, and leave all the simple changes to kernel/time/posix-timers.c in a second patch.
I don't think it's necessary to split up the other changes from this patch any further. If Thomas or someone else disagrees with this and wants it more fine-grained, it would be good to say that now.
Arnd
On 12 May 2015 at 16:51, Arnd Bergmann arnd@arndb.de wrote:
On Monday 11 May 2015 19:20:39 Baolin Wang wrote:
diff --git a/include/linux/timekeeping.h b/include/linux/timekeeping.h index 89beb62..c3345d5 100644 --- a/include/linux/timekeeping.h +++ b/include/linux/timekeeping.h @@ -250,9 +250,9 @@ static inline void get_monotonic_boottime64(struct
timespec64 *ts)
*ts = ktime_to_timespec64(ktime_get_boottime());
}
-static inline void timekeeping_clocktai(struct timespec *ts) +static inline void timekeeping_clocktai(struct timespec64 *ts) {
*ts = ktime_to_timespec(ktime_get_clocktai());
*ts = ktime_to_timespec64(ktime_get_clocktai());
}
/*
I believe Thomas has already mentioned before that the change to the timekeeping_clocktai() function is not obvious here. I'd suggest you split out the changes here along with the posix_get_tai() that calls it into its own patch with a good description, and leave all the simple changes to kernel/time/posix-timers.c in a second patch.
I don't think it's necessary to split up the other changes from this patch any further. If Thomas or someone else disagrees with this and wants it more fine-grained, it would be good to say that now.
Arnd
Ok, i'll split out the changes of timekeeping_clocktai() function along with the posix_get_tai() into one patch. Thanks for your comments.