The patch titled Subject: zram: fix lockdep warning of free block handling has been added to the -mm tree. Its filename is zram-fix-lockdep-warning-of-free-block-handling.patch

This patch should soon appear at http://ozlabs.org/~akpm/mmots/broken-out/zram-fix-lockdep-warning-of-free-bl... and later at http://ozlabs.org/~akpm/mmotm/broken-out/zram-fix-lockdep-warning-of-free-bl...

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------------------------------------------------------ From: Minchan Kim minchan@kernel.org Subject: zram: fix lockdep warning of free block handling

Patch series "zram idle page writeback", v3.

Inherently, swap device has many idle pages which are rare touched since it was allocated. It is never problem if we use storage device as swap. However, it's just waste for zram-swap.

This patchset supports zram idle page writeback feature.

* Admin can define what is idle page "no access since X time ago" * Admin can define when zram should writeback them * Admin can define when zram should stop writeback to prevent wearout

Details are in each patch's description.

This patch (of 7):

[ 254.519728] ================================ [ 254.520311] WARNING: inconsistent lock state [ 254.520898] 4.19.0+ #390 Not tainted [ 254.521387] -------------------------------- [ 254.521732] inconsistent {SOFTIRQ-ON-W} -> {IN-SOFTIRQ-W} usage. [ 254.521732] zram_verify/2095 [HC0[0]:SC1[1]:HE1:SE0] takes: [ 254.521732] 00000000b1828693 (&(&zram->bitmap_lock)->rlock){+.?.}, at: put_entry_bdev+0x1e/0x50 [ 254.521732] {SOFTIRQ-ON-W} state was registered at: [ 254.521732] _raw_spin_lock+0x2c/0x40 [ 254.521732] zram_make_request+0x755/0xdc9 [ 254.521732] generic_make_request+0x373/0x6a0 [ 254.521732] submit_bio+0x6c/0x140 [ 254.521732] __swap_writepage+0x3a8/0x480 [ 254.521732] shrink_page_list+0x1102/0x1a60 [ 254.521732] shrink_inactive_list+0x21b/0x3f0 [ 254.521732] shrink_node_memcg.constprop.99+0x4f8/0x7e0 [ 254.521732] shrink_node+0x7d/0x2f0 [ 254.521732] do_try_to_free_pages+0xe0/0x300 [ 254.521732] try_to_free_pages+0x116/0x2b0 [ 254.521732] __alloc_pages_slowpath+0x3f4/0xf80 [ 254.521732] __alloc_pages_nodemask+0x2a2/0x2f0 [ 254.521732] __handle_mm_fault+0x42e/0xb50 [ 254.521732] handle_mm_fault+0x55/0xb0 [ 254.521732] __do_page_fault+0x235/0x4b0 [ 254.521732] page_fault+0x1e/0x30 [ 254.521732] irq event stamp: 228412 [ 254.521732] hardirqs last enabled at (228412): [<ffffffff98245846>] __slab_free+0x3e6/0x600 [ 254.521732] hardirqs last disabled at (228411): [<ffffffff98245625>] __slab_free+0x1c5/0x600 [ 254.521732] softirqs last enabled at (228396): [<ffffffff98e0031e>] __do_softirq+0x31e/0x427 [ 254.521732] softirqs last disabled at (228403): [<ffffffff98072051>] irq_exit+0xd1/0xe0 [ 254.521732] [ 254.521732] other info that might help us debug this: [ 254.521732] Possible unsafe locking scenario: [ 254.521732] [ 254.521732] CPU0 [ 254.521732] ---- [ 254.521732] lock(&(&zram->bitmap_lock)->rlock); [ 254.521732] <Interrupt> [ 254.521732] lock(&(&zram->bitmap_lock)->rlock); [ 254.521732] [ 254.521732] *** DEADLOCK *** [ 254.521732] [ 254.521732] no locks held by zram_verify/2095. [ 254.521732] [ 254.521732] stack backtrace: [ 254.521732] CPU: 5 PID: 2095 Comm: zram_verify Not tainted 4.19.0+ #390 [ 254.521732] Hardware name: QEMU Standard PC (i440FX + PIIX, 1996), BIOS 1.10.2-1 04/01/2014 [ 254.521732] Call Trace: [ 254.521732] <IRQ> [ 254.521732] dump_stack+0x67/0x9b [ 254.521732] print_usage_bug+0x1bd/0x1d3 [ 254.521732] mark_lock+0x4aa/0x540 [ 254.521732] ? check_usage_backwards+0x160/0x160 [ 254.521732] __lock_acquire+0x51d/0x1300 [ 254.521732] ? free_debug_processing+0x24e/0x400 [ 254.521732] ? bio_endio+0x6d/0x1a0 [ 254.521732] ? lockdep_hardirqs_on+0x9b/0x180 [ 254.521732] ? lock_acquire+0x90/0x180 [ 254.521732] lock_acquire+0x90/0x180 [ 254.521732] ? put_entry_bdev+0x1e/0x50 [ 254.521732] _raw_spin_lock+0x2c/0x40 [ 254.521732] ? put_entry_bdev+0x1e/0x50 [ 254.521732] put_entry_bdev+0x1e/0x50 [ 254.521732] zram_free_page+0xf6/0x110 [ 254.521732] zram_slot_free_notify+0x42/0xa0 [ 254.521732] end_swap_bio_read+0x5b/0x170 [ 254.521732] blk_update_request+0x8f/0x340 [ 254.521732] scsi_end_request+0x2c/0x1e0 [ 254.521732] scsi_io_completion+0x98/0x650 [ 254.521732] blk_done_softirq+0x9e/0xd0 [ 254.521732] __do_softirq+0xcc/0x427 [ 254.521732] irq_exit+0xd1/0xe0 [ 254.521732] do_IRQ+0x93/0x120 [ 254.521732] common_interrupt+0xf/0xf [ 254.521732] </IRQ>

With writeback feature, zram_slot_free_notify could be called in softirq context by end_swap_bio_read. However, bitmap_lock is not aware of that so lockdep yell out. Thanks.

get_entry_bdev spin_lock(bitmap->lock); irq softirq end_swap_bio_read zram_slot_free_notify zram_slot_lock <-- deadlock prone zram_free_page put_entry_bdev spin_lock(bitmap->lock); <-- deadlock prone

With akpm's suggestion (i.e. bitmap operation is already atomic), we could remove bitmap lock. It might fail to find a empty slot if serious contention happens. However, it's not severe problem because huge page writeback has already possiblity to fail if there is severe memory pressure. Worst case is just keeping the incompressible in memory, not storage.

The other problem is zram_slot_lock in zram_slot_slot_free_notify. To make it safe is this patch introduces zram_slot_trylock where zram_slot_free_notify uses it. Although it's rare to be contented, this patch adds new debug stat "miss_free" to keep monitoring how often it happens.

Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20181127055429.251614-2-minchan@kernel.org Signed-off-by: Minchan Kim minchan@kernel.org Cc: Joey Pabalinas joeypabalinas@gmail.com Cc: Sergey Senozhatsky sergey.senozhatsky.work@gmail.com Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org [4.14+] Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton akpm@linux-foundation.org ---

drivers/block/zram/zram_drv.c | 38 +++++++++++++++++--------------- drivers/block/zram/zram_drv.h | 2 - 2 files changed, 22 insertions(+), 18 deletions(-)

--- a/drivers/block/zram/zram_drv.c~zram-fix-lockdep-warning-of-free-block-handling +++ a/drivers/block/zram/zram_drv.c @@ -53,6 +53,11 @@ static size_t huge_class_size;

static void zram_free_page(struct zram *zram, size_t index);

+static int zram_slot_trylock(struct zram *zram, u32 index) +{ + return bit_spin_trylock(ZRAM_LOCK, &zram->table[index].value); +} + static void zram_slot_lock(struct zram *zram, u32 index) { bit_spin_lock(ZRAM_LOCK, &zram->table[index].value); @@ -399,7 +404,6 @@ static ssize_t backing_dev_store(struct goto out;

reset_bdev(zram); - spin_lock_init(&zram->bitmap_lock);

zram->old_block_size = old_block_size; zram->bdev = bdev; @@ -443,29 +447,24 @@ out:

static unsigned long get_entry_bdev(struct zram *zram) { - unsigned long entry; - - spin_lock(&zram->bitmap_lock); + unsigned long blk_idx = 1; +retry: /* skip 0 bit to confuse zram.handle = 0 */ - entry = find_next_zero_bit(zram->bitmap, zram->nr_pages, 1); - if (entry == zram->nr_pages) { - spin_unlock(&zram->bitmap_lock); + blk_idx = find_next_zero_bit(zram->bitmap, zram->nr_pages, blk_idx); + if (blk_idx == zram->nr_pages) return 0; - }

- set_bit(entry, zram->bitmap); - spin_unlock(&zram->bitmap_lock); + if (test_and_set_bit(blk_idx, zram->bitmap)) + goto retry;

- return entry; + return blk_idx; }

static void put_entry_bdev(struct zram *zram, unsigned long entry) { int was_set;

- spin_lock(&zram->bitmap_lock); was_set = test_and_clear_bit(entry, zram->bitmap); - spin_unlock(&zram->bitmap_lock); WARN_ON_ONCE(!was_set); }

@@ -886,9 +885,10 @@ static ssize_t debug_stat_show(struct de

down_read(&zram->init_lock); ret = scnprintf(buf, PAGE_SIZE, - "version: %d\n%8llu\n", + "version: %d\n%8llu %8llu\n", version, - (u64)atomic64_read(&zram->stats.writestall)); + (u64)atomic64_read(&zram->stats.writestall), + (u64)atomic64_read(&zram->stats.miss_free)); up_read(&zram->init_lock);

return ret; @@ -1400,10 +1400,14 @@ static void zram_slot_free_notify(struct

zram = bdev->bd_disk->private_data;

- zram_slot_lock(zram, index); + atomic64_inc(&zram->stats.notify_free); + if (!zram_slot_trylock(zram, index)) { + atomic64_inc(&zram->stats.miss_free); + return; + } + zram_free_page(zram, index); zram_slot_unlock(zram, index); - atomic64_inc(&zram->stats.notify_free); }

static int zram_rw_page(struct block_device *bdev, sector_t sector, --- a/drivers/block/zram/zram_drv.h~zram-fix-lockdep-warning-of-free-block-handling +++ a/drivers/block/zram/zram_drv.h @@ -79,6 +79,7 @@ struct zram_stats { atomic64_t pages_stored; /* no. of pages currently stored */ atomic_long_t max_used_pages; /* no. of maximum pages stored */ atomic64_t writestall; /* no. of write slow paths */ + atomic64_t miss_free; /* no. of missed free */ };

struct zram { @@ -110,7 +111,6 @@ struct zram { unsigned int old_block_size; unsigned long *bitmap; unsigned long nr_pages; - spinlock_t bitmap_lock; #endif #ifdef CONFIG_ZRAM_MEMORY_TRACKING struct dentry *debugfs_dir; _

Patches currently in -mm which might be from minchan@kernel.org are

zram-fix-lockdep-warning-of-free-block-handling.patch zram-fix-double-free-backing-device.patch zram-refactoring-flags-and-writeback-stuff.patch zram-introduce-zram_idle-flag.patch zram-support-idle-huge-page-writeback.patch zram-add-bd_stat-statistics.patch zram-writeback-throttle.patch