KASAN: slab-out-of-bounds Read in steelseries_remove in linux6.12-6.15 - Linux-stable-mirror

30 May 2025


      Hello, I found a potential bug titled "   KASAN: slab-out-of-bounds Read in steelseries_remove " with modified syzkaller in the Linux6.12 - 6.15.
This bug was verified to exist in 6.12.24,6.12.28 and 6.15.
During the execution of poc, for the same hdev device, in the function steelseries_probe, the sd of hdev is first set to the steelseries_device type. If sd->quriks=0x1, Then execute steelseries_srws1_probe to reset the sd of hdev to the type steelseries_srws1_data. However, when the device is removed and the steelseries_remove command is executed, the sd obtained through hdev will first be forcibly converted to the steelseries_device type, but the value of sd->quirks may not be 0x1, but rather become some pointer. For example, sd->quirks=0xffff888022167000, then steelseries_srws1_remove (hdev) cannot be executed. This will lead to type errors in subsequent access to sd (wrongly treating sd of type steelseries_srws1_data as of type steelseries_device), and an out-of-bounds access error occurs when accessing sd->lock.
However, I still don't understand why the sd-> quirks of the same hdev in the detection phase and the deletion phase are completely inconsistent (even Pointers appear).
static int steelseries_probe(struct hid_device *hdev, const struct hid_device_id *id)
{
    struct steelseries_device *sd;
    int ret;
sd = devm_kzalloc(&hdev->dev, sizeof(*sd), GFP_KERNEL);   
.......
    hid_set_drvdata(hdev, sd);                                                          [1] Set hdev->dev->driver_data to the type of steelseries_device   ( hdev->dev->driver_data = sd )
    sd->hdev = hdev;
    sd->quirks = id->driver_data;                                                   //Here, sd->quirks is assigned a value of 0x1
if (sd->quirks & STEELSERIES_SRWS1) {                                  //Passed the inspection successfully
#if IS_BUILTIN(CONFIG_LEDS_CLASS) || \
    (IS_MODULE(CONFIG_LEDS_CLASS) && IS_MODULE(CONFIG_HID_STEELSERIES))
    	return steelseries_srws1_probe(hdev, id);                      [2] Set hdev->dev->driver_data to the type of steelseries_srws1_data
#else
    	return -ENODEV;
#endif
    }
......
}
static int steelseries_srws1_probe(struct hid_device *hdev,
    	const struct hid_device_id *id)
{
    int ret, i;
    struct led_classdev *led;
    size_t name_sz;
    char *name;
struct steelseries_srws1_data *drv_data = kzalloc(sizeof(*drv_data), GFP_KERNEL);
if (drv_data == NULL) {
    	hid_err(hdev, "can't alloc SRW-S1 memory\n");
    	return -ENOMEM;
    }
hid_set_drvdata(hdev, drv_data);                             [3] Set hdev->dev->driver_data to the type of steelseries_srws1_data
}
static void steelseries_remove(struct hid_device *hdev)
{
    struct steelseries_device *sd = hid_get_drvdata(hdev);  [4] The default sd is of the steelseries_device type
    unsigned long flags;
if (sd->quirks & STEELSERIES_SRWS1) {                          [5]sd->quriks is not 0x1 but equal to the value of a pointer, such as 0xffff888022167000. Therefore, the inspection cannot be passed and steelseries_srws1_remove cannot be executed
#if IS_BUILTIN(CONFIG_LEDS_CLASS) || \
    (IS_MODULE(CONFIG_LEDS_CLASS) && IS_MODULE(CONFIG_HID_STEELSERIES))
    	steelseries_srws1_remove(hdev);
#endif
    	return;
    }
spin_lock_irqsave(&sd->lock, flags);                         [6] The correct type of sd is steelseries_srws1_data. However, here, sd is treated as the type of steelseries_srws1_data to access sd->quirks, resulting in out-of-bounds access
......
}
The commit of the kernel is : 	ef4999852d307d38cfdecd91ed6892cc03beb9b8 
kernel config: https://syzkaller.appspot.com/text?tag=KernelConfig&x=55f8591b98dd132
compiler: gcc version 11.4.0
If you fix this issue, please add the following tag to the commit:  
Reported-by: Jianzhou Zhao luckd0g@163.com
Reported-by: Penglei Jiang superman.xpt@gmail.com
I put the reproduction program of this bug at the end of the email.
------------[ cut here ]-----------------------------------------
 TITLE:    KASAN: slab-out-of-bounds Read in steelseries_remove
------------[ cut here ]------------
==================================================================
BUG: KASAN: slab-out-of-bounds in __lock_acquire+0x31b5/0x3f40 kernel/locking/lockdep.c:5065
Read of size 8 at addr ffff8880285a64d0 by task kworker/0:11/12464
CPU: 0 UID: 0 PID: 12464 Comm: kworker/0:11 Not tainted 6.12.28 #29
Hardware name: QEMU Ubuntu 24.04 PC (i440FX + PIIX, 1996), BIOS 1.16.3-debian-1.16.3-2 04/01/2014
Workqueue: usb_hub_wq hub_event
Call Trace:
 <TASK>
 __dump_stack lib/dump_stack.c:94 [inline]
 dump_stack_lvl+0x10e/0x1f0 lib/dump_stack.c:120
 print_address_description mm/kasan/report.c:377 [inline]
 print_report+0xc6/0x620 mm/kasan/report.c:488
 kasan_report+0xd8/0x110 mm/kasan/report.c:601
 __lock_acquire+0x31b5/0x3f40 kernel/locking/lockdep.c:5065
 lock_acquire.part.0+0x11f/0x380 kernel/locking/lockdep.c:5825
 __raw_spin_lock_irqsave include/linux/spinlock_api_smp.h:110 [inline]
 _raw_spin_lock_irqsave+0x3a/0x60 kernel/locking/spinlock.c:162
 steelseries_remove+0x8c/0x1f0 drivers/hid/hid-steelseries.c:564
 hid_device_remove+0xce/0x260 drivers/hid/hid-core.c:2758
 device_remove+0xc8/0x170 drivers/base/dd.c:567
 __device_release_driver drivers/base/dd.c:1272 [inline]
 device_release_driver_internal+0x44b/0x620 drivers/base/dd.c:1295
 bus_remove_device+0x22f/0x420 drivers/base/bus.c:576
 device_del+0x377/0x9c0 drivers/base/core.c:3881
 hid_remove_device drivers/hid/hid-core.c:2942 [inline]
 hid_destroy_device+0xe5/0x150 drivers/hid/hid-core.c:2962
 usbhid_disconnect+0xa0/0xe0 drivers/hid/usbhid/hid-core.c:1459
 usb_unbind_interface+0x1e8/0x960 drivers/usb/core/driver.c:461
 device_remove drivers/base/dd.c:569 [inline]
 device_remove+0x122/0x170 drivers/base/dd.c:561
 __device_release_driver drivers/base/dd.c:1272 [inline]
 device_release_driver_internal+0x44b/0x620 drivers/base/dd.c:1295
 bus_remove_device+0x22f/0x420 drivers/base/bus.c:576
 device_del+0x377/0x9c0 drivers/base/core.c:3881
 usb_disable_device+0x35f/0x7c0 drivers/usb/core/message.c:1418
 usb_disconnect+0x2e0/0x920 drivers/usb/core/hub.c:2315
 hub_port_connect drivers/usb/core/hub.c:5373 [inline]
 hub_port_connect_change drivers/usb/core/hub.c:5673 [inline]
 port_event drivers/usb/core/hub.c:5833 [inline]
 hub_event+0x1da4/0x4e20 drivers/usb/core/hub.c:5915
 process_one_work+0x9c3/0x1b70 kernel/workqueue.c:3229
 process_scheduled_works kernel/workqueue.c:3310 [inline]
 worker_thread+0x61e/0xe40 kernel/workqueue.c:3391
 kthread+0x2ab/0x390 kernel/kthread.c:389
 ret_from_fork+0x45/0x80 arch/x86/kernel/process.c:152
 ret_from_fork_asm+0x1a/0x30 arch/x86/entry/entry_64.S:244
 </TASK>
Allocated by task 2285:
 kasan_save_stack+0x33/0x60 mm/kasan/common.c:47
 kasan_save_track+0x14/0x30 mm/kasan/common.c:68
 poison_kmalloc_redzone mm/kasan/common.c:377 [inline]
 __kasan_kmalloc+0xaa/0xb0 mm/kasan/common.c:394
 kmalloc_noprof include/linux/slab.h:878 [inline]
 kzalloc_noprof include/linux/slab.h:1014 [inline]
 steelseries_srws1_probe drivers/hid/hid-steelseries.c:253 [inline]
 steelseries_probe+0x69d/0xf60 drivers/hid/hid-steelseries.c:528
 __hid_device_probe drivers/hid/hid-core.c:2702 [inline]
 hid_device_probe+0x2f5/0x4f0 drivers/hid/hid-core.c:2739
 call_driver_probe drivers/base/dd.c:579 [inline]
 really_probe+0x23a/0xa80 drivers/base/dd.c:657
 __driver_probe_device+0x1de/0x440 drivers/base/dd.c:799
 driver_probe_device+0x4c/0x1b0 drivers/base/dd.c:829
 __device_attach_driver+0x1df/0x310 drivers/base/dd.c:957
 bus_for_each_drv+0x157/0x1e0 drivers/base/bus.c:459
 __device_attach+0x1e5/0x4b0 drivers/base/dd.c:1029
 bus_probe_device+0x17f/0x1c0 drivers/base/bus.c:534
 device_add+0x1143/0x1a80 drivers/base/core.c:3692
 hid_add_device+0x377/0xa60 drivers/hid/hid-core.c:2885
 usbhid_probe+0xd41/0x1400 drivers/hid/usbhid/hid-core.c:1432
 usb_probe_interface+0x309/0x9d0 drivers/usb/core/driver.c:399
 call_driver_probe drivers/base/dd.c:579 [inline]
 really_probe+0x23a/0xa80 drivers/base/dd.c:657
 __driver_probe_device+0x1de/0x440 drivers/base/dd.c:799
 driver_probe_device+0x4c/0x1b0 drivers/base/dd.c:829
 __device_attach_driver+0x1df/0x310 drivers/base/dd.c:957
 bus_for_each_drv+0x157/0x1e0 drivers/base/bus.c:459
 __device_attach+0x1e5/0x4b0 drivers/base/dd.c:1029
 bus_probe_device+0x17f/0x1c0 drivers/base/bus.c:534
 device_add+0x1143/0x1a80 drivers/base/core.c:3692
 usb_set_configuration+0x120e/0x1e10 drivers/usb/core/message.c:2210
 usb_generic_driver_probe+0xb1/0x110 drivers/usb/core/generic.c:254
 usb_probe_device+0xec/0x3e0 drivers/usb/core/driver.c:294
 call_driver_probe drivers/base/dd.c:579 [inline]
 really_probe+0x23a/0xa80 drivers/base/dd.c:657
 __driver_probe_device+0x1de/0x440 drivers/base/dd.c:799
 driver_probe_device+0x4c/0x1b0 drivers/base/dd.c:829
 __device_attach_driver+0x1df/0x310 drivers/base/dd.c:957
 bus_for_each_drv+0x157/0x1e0 drivers/base/bus.c:459
 __device_attach+0x1e5/0x4b0 drivers/base/dd.c:1029
 bus_probe_device+0x17f/0x1c0 drivers/base/bus.c:534
 device_add+0x1143/0x1a80 drivers/base/core.c:3692
 usb_new_device+0xd04/0x19d0 drivers/usb/core/hub.c:2662
 hub_port_connect drivers/usb/core/hub.c:5533 [inline]
 hub_port_connect_change drivers/usb/core/hub.c:5673 [inline]
 port_event drivers/usb/core/hub.c:5833 [inline]
 hub_event+0x2d92/0x4e20 drivers/usb/core/hub.c:5915
 process_one_work+0x9c3/0x1b70 kernel/workqueue.c:3229
 process_scheduled_works kernel/workqueue.c:3310 [inline]
 worker_thread+0x61e/0xe40 kernel/workqueue.c:3391
 kthread+0x2ab/0x390 kernel/kthread.c:389
 ret_from_fork+0x45/0x80 arch/x86/kernel/process.c:152
 ret_from_fork_asm+0x1a/0x30 arch/x86/entry/entry_64.S:244
The buggy address belongs to the object at ffff8880285a6400
 which belongs to the cache kmalloc-192 of size 192
The buggy address is located 72 bytes to the right of
 allocated 136-byte region [ffff8880285a6400, ffff8880285a6488)
The buggy address belongs to the physical page:
page: refcount:1 mapcount:0 mapping:0000000000000000 index:0x0 pfn:0x285a6
ksm flags: 0xfff00000000000(node=0|zone=1|lastcpupid=0x7ff)
page_type: f5(slab)
raw: 00fff00000000000 ffff88801b0413c0 ffffea0000875540 dead000000000003
raw: 0000000000000000 0000000000100010 00000001f5000000 0000000000000000
page dumped because: kasan: bad access detected
page_owner tracks the page as allocated
page last allocated via order 0, migratetype Unmovable, gfp_mask 0x52cc0(GFP_KERNEL|__GFP_NOWARN|__GFP_NORETRY|__GFP_COMP), pid 9743, tgid 9743 (syz-executor), ts 61586032132, free_ts 61073188909
 set_page_owner include/linux/page_owner.h:32 [inline]
 post_alloc_hook+0x2f0/0x350 mm/page_alloc.c:1558
 prep_new_page mm/page_alloc.c:1566 [inline]
 get_page_from_freelist+0x7d6/0x3660 mm/page_alloc.c:3476
 __alloc_pages_noprof+0x229/0x2670 mm/page_alloc.c:4754
 alloc_pages_mpol_noprof+0x2c9/0x610 mm/mempolicy.c:2269
 alloc_slab_page mm/slub.c:2425 [inline]
 allocate_slab mm/slub.c:2595 [inline]
 new_slab+0x2df/0x410 mm/slub.c:2649
 ___slab_alloc+0xe2f/0x19a0 mm/slub.c:3837
 __slab_alloc.isra.0+0x56/0xb0 mm/slub.c:3927
 __slab_alloc_node mm/slub.c:3980 [inline]
 slab_alloc_node mm/slub.c:4141 [inline]
 __kmalloc_cache_noprof+0x2b4/0x300 mm/slub.c:4309
 kmalloc_noprof include/linux/slab.h:878 [inline]
 kzalloc_noprof include/linux/slab.h:1014 [inline]
 call_usermodehelper_setup+0xaf/0x360 kernel/umh.c:363
 kobject_uevent_env+0x15fe/0x1860 lib/kobject_uevent.c:628
 rx_queue_add_kobject net/core/net-sysfs.c:1124 [inline]
 net_rx_queue_update_kobjects+0x17c/0x5f0 net/core/net-sysfs.c:1164
 register_queue_kobjects net/core/net-sysfs.c:1898 [inline]
 netdev_register_kobject+0x269/0x3a0 net/core/net-sysfs.c:2143
 register_netdevice+0x1312/0x1db0 net/core/dev.c:10557
 veth_newlink+0x354/0x9e0 drivers/net/veth.c:1830
 rtnl_newlink_create net/core/rtnetlink.c:3542 [inline]
 __rtnl_newlink+0x1187/0x1910 net/core/rtnetlink.c:3762
 rtnl_newlink+0x67/0xa0 net/core/rtnetlink.c:3775
page last free pid 9715 tgid 9715 stack trace:
 reset_page_owner include/linux/page_owner.h:25 [inline]
 free_pages_prepare mm/page_alloc.c:1127 [inline]
 free_unref_page+0x6d7/0x1080 mm/page_alloc.c:2659
 qlink_free mm/kasan/quarantine.c:163 [inline]
 qlist_free_all+0x54/0x120 mm/kasan/quarantine.c:179
 kasan_quarantine_reduce+0x192/0x1e0 mm/kasan/quarantine.c:286
 __kasan_slab_alloc+0x69/0x90 mm/kasan/common.c:329
 kasan_slab_alloc include/linux/kasan.h:250 [inline]
 slab_post_alloc_hook mm/slub.c:4104 [inline]
 slab_alloc_node mm/slub.c:4153 [inline]
 __kmalloc_cache_noprof+0x11e/0x300 mm/slub.c:4309
 kmalloc_noprof include/linux/slab.h:878 [inline]
 kzalloc_noprof include/linux/slab.h:1014 [inline]
 kobject_uevent_env+0x265/0x1860 lib/kobject_uevent.c:540
 __kobject_del+0x168/0x1f0 lib/kobject.c:601
 kobject_cleanup lib/kobject.c:680 [inline]
 kobject_release lib/kobject.c:720 [inline]
 kref_put include/linux/kref.h:65 [inline]
 kobject_put+0x327/0x5a0 lib/kobject.c:737
 net_rx_queue_update_kobjects+0x476/0x5f0 net/core/net-sysfs.c:1178
 netif_set_real_num_rx_queues+0x169/0x210 net/core/dev.c:3055
 veth_init_queues+0x151/0x190 drivers/net/veth.c:1761
 veth_newlink+0x530/0x9e0 drivers/net/veth.c:1873
 rtnl_newlink_create net/core/rtnetlink.c:3542 [inline]
 __rtnl_newlink+0x1187/0x1910 net/core/rtnetlink.c:3762
 rtnl_newlink+0x67/0xa0 net/core/rtnetlink.c:3775
 rtnetlink_rcv_msg+0x3c7/0xea0 net/core/rtnetlink.c:6678
 netlink_rcv_skb+0x16b/0x440 net/netlink/af_netlink.c:2537
Memory state around the buggy address:
 ffff8880285a6380: 00 00 00 00 00 fc fc fc fc fc fc fc fc fc fc fc
 ffff8880285a6400: 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
...
ffff8880285a6480: 00 fc fc fc fc fc fc fc fc fc fc fc fc fc fc fc
^
 ffff8880285a6500: 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
 ffff8880285a6580: 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 fc fc fc fc fc fc fc fc fc
==================================================================
// autogenerated by syzkaller (https://github.com/google/syzkaller)
#define _GNU_SOURCE
#include <dirent.h>
#include <endian.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <signal.h>
#include <stdarg.h>
#include <stdbool.h>
#include <stddef.h>
#include <stdint.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <sys/mount.h>
#include <sys/prctl.h>
#include <sys/stat.h>
#include <sys/syscall.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/wait.h>
#include <time.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <linux/usb/ch9.h>
static unsigned long long procid;
static void sleep_ms(uint64_t ms)
{
    usleep(ms * 1000);
}
static uint64_t current_time_ms(void)
{
    struct timespec ts;
    if (clock_gettime(CLOCK_MONOTONIC, &ts))
    exit(1);
    return (uint64_t)ts.tv_sec * 1000 + (uint64_t)ts.tv_nsec / 1000000;
}
static bool write_file(const char* file, const char* what, ...)
{
    char buf[1024];
    va_list args;
    va_start(args, what);
    vsnprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), what, args);
    va_end(args);
    buf[sizeof(buf) - 1] = 0;
    int len = strlen(buf);
    int fd = open(file, O_WRONLY | O_CLOEXEC);
    if (fd == -1)
    	return false;
    if (write(fd, buf, len) != len) {
    	int err = errno;
    	close(fd);
    	errno = err;
    	return false;
    }
    close(fd);
    return true;
}
#define MAX_FDS 30
#define USB_MAX_IFACE_NUM 4
#define USB_MAX_EP_NUM 32
#define USB_MAX_FDS 6
struct usb_endpoint_index {
    struct usb_endpoint_descriptor desc;
    int handle;
};
struct usb_iface_index {
    struct usb_interface_descriptor* iface;
    uint8_t bInterfaceNumber;
    uint8_t bAlternateSetting;
    uint8_t bInterfaceClass;
    struct usb_endpoint_index eps[USB_MAX_EP_NUM];
    int eps_num;
};
struct usb_device_index {
    struct usb_device_descriptor* dev;
    struct usb_config_descriptor* config;
    uint8_t bDeviceClass;
    uint8_t bMaxPower;
    int config_length;
    struct usb_iface_index ifaces[USB_MAX_IFACE_NUM];
    int ifaces_num;
    int iface_cur;
};
struct usb_info {
    int fd;
    struct usb_device_index index;
};
static struct usb_info usb_devices[USB_MAX_FDS];
static struct usb_device_index* lookup_usb_index(int fd)
{
    for (int i = 0; i < USB_MAX_FDS; i++) {
    	if (__atomic_load_n(&usb_devices[i].fd, __ATOMIC_ACQUIRE) == fd)
    		return &usb_devices[i].index;
    }
    return NULL;
}
static int usb_devices_num;
static bool parse_usb_descriptor(const char* buffer, size_t length, struct usb_device_index* index)
{
    if (length < sizeof(*index->dev) + sizeof(*index->config))
    	return false;
    memset(index, 0, sizeof(*index));
    index->dev = (struct usb_device_descriptor*)buffer;
    index->config = (struct usb_config_descriptor*)(buffer + sizeof(*index->dev));
    index->bDeviceClass = index->dev->bDeviceClass;
    index->bMaxPower = index->config->bMaxPower;
    index->config_length = length - sizeof(*index->dev);
    index->iface_cur = -1;
    size_t offset = 0;
    while (true) {
    	if (offset + 1 >= length)
    		break;
    	uint8_t desc_length = buffer[offset];
    	uint8_t desc_type = buffer[offset + 1];
    	if (desc_length <= 2)
    		break;
    	if (offset + desc_length > length)
    		break;
    	if (desc_type == USB_DT_INTERFACE && index->ifaces_num < USB_MAX_IFACE_NUM) {
    		struct usb_interface_descriptor* iface = (struct usb_interface_descriptor*)(buffer + offset);
    		index->ifaces[index->ifaces_num].iface = iface;
    		index->ifaces[index->ifaces_num].bInterfaceNumber = iface->bInterfaceNumber;
    		index->ifaces[index->ifaces_num].bAlternateSetting = iface->bAlternateSetting;
    		index->ifaces[index->ifaces_num].bInterfaceClass = iface->bInterfaceClass;
    		index->ifaces_num++;
    	}
    	if (desc_type == USB_DT_ENDPOINT && index->ifaces_num > 0) {
    		struct usb_iface_index* iface = &index->ifaces[index->ifaces_num - 1];
    		if (iface->eps_num < USB_MAX_EP_NUM) {
    			memcpy(&iface->eps[iface->eps_num].desc, buffer + offset, sizeof(iface->eps[iface->eps_num].desc));
    			iface->eps_num++;
    		}
    	}
    	offset += desc_length;
    }
    return true;
}
static struct usb_device_index* add_usb_index(int fd, const char* dev, size_t dev_len)
{
    int i = __atomic_fetch_add(&usb_devices_num, 1, __ATOMIC_RELAXED);
    if (i >= USB_MAX_FDS)
    	return NULL;
    if (!parse_usb_descriptor(dev, dev_len, &usb_devices[i].index))
    	return NULL;
    __atomic_store_n(&usb_devices[i].fd, fd, __ATOMIC_RELEASE);
    return &usb_devices[i].index;
}
struct vusb_connect_string_descriptor {
    uint32_t len;
    char* str;
} __attribute__((packed));
struct vusb_connect_descriptors {
    uint32_t qual_len;
    char* qual;
    uint32_t bos_len;
    char* bos;
    uint32_t strs_len;
    struct vusb_connect_string_descriptor strs[0];
} __attribute__((packed));
static const char default_string[] = {
    8, USB_DT_STRING,
    's', 0, 'y', 0, 'z', 0
};
static const char default_lang_id[] = {
    4, USB_DT_STRING,
    0x09, 0x04
};
static bool lookup_connect_response_in(int fd, const struct vusb_connect_descriptors* descs,
    			       const struct usb_ctrlrequest* ctrl,
    			       struct usb_qualifier_descriptor* qual,
    			       char** response_data, uint32_t* response_length)
{
    struct usb_device_index* index = lookup_usb_index(fd);
    uint8_t str_idx;
    if (!index)
    	return false;
    switch (ctrl->bRequestType & USB_TYPE_MASK) {
    case USB_TYPE_STANDARD:
    	switch (ctrl->bRequest) {
    	case USB_REQ_GET_DESCRIPTOR:
    		switch (ctrl->wValue >> 8) {
    		case USB_DT_DEVICE:
    			*response_data = (char*)index->dev;
    			*response_length = sizeof(*index->dev);
    			return true;
    		case USB_DT_CONFIG:
    			*response_data = (char*)index->config;
    			*response_length = index->config_length;
    			return true;
    		case USB_DT_STRING:
    			str_idx = (uint8_t)ctrl->wValue;
    			if (descs && str_idx < descs->strs_len) {
    				*response_data = descs->strs[str_idx].str;
    				*response_length = descs->strs[str_idx].len;
    				return true;
    			}
    			if (str_idx == 0) {
    				*response_data = (char*)&default_lang_id[0];
    				*response_length = default_lang_id[0];
    				return true;
    			}
    			*response_data = (char*)&default_string[0];
    			*response_length = default_string[0];
    			return true;
    		case USB_DT_BOS:
    			*response_data = descs->bos;
    			*response_length = descs->bos_len;
    			return true;
    		case USB_DT_DEVICE_QUALIFIER:
    			if (!descs->qual) {
    				qual->bLength = sizeof(*qual);
    				qual->bDescriptorType = USB_DT_DEVICE_QUALIFIER;
    				qual->bcdUSB = index->dev->bcdUSB;
    				qual->bDeviceClass = index->dev->bDeviceClass;
    				qual->bDeviceSubClass = index->dev->bDeviceSubClass;
    				qual->bDeviceProtocol = index->dev->bDeviceProtocol;
    				qual->bMaxPacketSize0 = index->dev->bMaxPacketSize0;
    				qual->bNumConfigurations = index->dev->bNumConfigurations;
    				qual->bRESERVED = 0;
    				*response_data = (char*)qual;
    				*response_length = sizeof(*qual);
    				return true;
    			}
    			*response_data = descs->qual;
    			*response_length = descs->qual_len;
    			return true;
    		default:
    			break;
    		}
    		break;
    	default:
    		break;
    	}
    	break;
    default:
    	break;
    }
    return false;
}
typedef bool (*lookup_connect_out_response_t)(int fd, const struct vusb_connect_descriptors* descs,
    				      const struct usb_ctrlrequest* ctrl, bool* done);
static bool lookup_connect_response_out_generic(int fd, const struct vusb_connect_descriptors* descs,
    					const struct usb_ctrlrequest* ctrl, bool* done)
{
    switch (ctrl->bRequestType & USB_TYPE_MASK) {
    case USB_TYPE_STANDARD:
    	switch (ctrl->bRequest) {
    	case USB_REQ_SET_CONFIGURATION:
    		*done = true;
    		return true;
    	default:
    		break;
    	}
    	break;
    }
    return false;
}
struct vusb_descriptor {
    uint8_t req_type;
    uint8_t desc_type;
    uint32_t len;
    char data[0];
} __attribute__((packed));
struct vusb_descriptors {
    uint32_t len;
    struct vusb_descriptor* generic;
    struct vusb_descriptor* descs[0];
} __attribute__((packed));
struct vusb_response {
    uint8_t type;
    uint8_t req;
    uint32_t len;
    char data[0];
} __attribute__((packed));
struct vusb_responses {
    uint32_t len;
    struct vusb_response* generic;
    struct vusb_response* resps[0];
} __attribute__((packed));
static bool lookup_control_response(const struct vusb_descriptors* descs, const struct vusb_responses* resps,
    			    struct usb_ctrlrequest* ctrl, char** response_data, uint32_t* response_length)
{
    int descs_num = 0;
    int resps_num = 0;
    if (descs)
    	descs_num = (descs->len - offsetof(struct vusb_descriptors, descs)) / sizeof(descs->descs[0]);
    if (resps)
    	resps_num = (resps->len - offsetof(struct vusb_responses, resps)) / sizeof(resps->resps[0]);
    uint8_t req = ctrl->bRequest;
    uint8_t req_type = ctrl->bRequestType & USB_TYPE_MASK;
    uint8_t desc_type = ctrl->wValue >> 8;
    if (req == USB_REQ_GET_DESCRIPTOR) {
    	int i;
    	for (i = 0; i < descs_num; i++) {
    		struct vusb_descriptor* desc = descs->descs[i];
    		if (!desc)
    			continue;
    		if (desc->req_type == req_type && desc->desc_type == desc_type) {
    			*response_length = desc->len;
    			if (*response_length != 0)
    				*response_data = &desc->data[0];
    			else
    				*response_data = NULL;
    			return true;
    		}
    	}
    	if (descs && descs->generic) {
    		*response_data = &descs->generic->data[0];
    		*response_length = descs->generic->len;
    		return true;
    	}
    } else {
    	int i;
    	for (i = 0; i < resps_num; i++) {
    		struct vusb_response* resp = resps->resps[i];
    		if (!resp)
    			continue;
    		if (resp->type == req_type && resp->req == req) {
    			*response_length = resp->len;
    			if (*response_length != 0)
    				*response_data = &resp->data[0];
    			else
    				*response_data = NULL;
    			return true;
    		}
    	}
    	if (resps && resps->generic) {
    		*response_data = &resps->generic->data[0];
    		*response_length = resps->generic->len;
    		return true;
    	}
    }
    return false;
}
#define UDC_NAME_LENGTH_MAX 128
struct usb_raw_init {
    __u8 driver_name[UDC_NAME_LENGTH_MAX];
    __u8 device_name[UDC_NAME_LENGTH_MAX];
    __u8 speed;
};
enum usb_raw_event_type {
    USB_RAW_EVENT_INVALID = 0,
    USB_RAW_EVENT_CONNECT = 1,
    USB_RAW_EVENT_CONTROL = 2,
};
struct usb_raw_event {
    __u32 type;
    __u32 length;
    __u8 data[0];
};
struct usb_raw_ep_io {
    __u16 ep;
    __u16 flags;
    __u32 length;
    __u8 data[0];
};
#define USB_RAW_EPS_NUM_MAX 30
#define USB_RAW_EP_NAME_MAX 16
#define USB_RAW_EP_ADDR_ANY 0xff
struct usb_raw_ep_caps {
    __u32 type_control : 1;
    __u32 type_iso : 1;
    __u32 type_bulk : 1;
    __u32 type_int : 1;
    __u32 dir_in : 1;
    __u32 dir_out : 1;
};
struct usb_raw_ep_limits {
    __u16 maxpacket_limit;
    __u16 max_streams;
    __u32 reserved;
};
struct usb_raw_ep_info {
    __u8 name[USB_RAW_EP_NAME_MAX];
    __u32 addr;
    struct usb_raw_ep_caps caps;
    struct usb_raw_ep_limits limits;
};
struct usb_raw_eps_info {
    struct usb_raw_ep_info eps[USB_RAW_EPS_NUM_MAX];
};
#define USB_RAW_IOCTL_INIT _IOW('U', 0, struct usb_raw_init)
#define USB_RAW_IOCTL_RUN _IO('U', 1)
#define USB_RAW_IOCTL_EVENT_FETCH _IOR('U', 2, struct usb_raw_event)
#define USB_RAW_IOCTL_EP0_WRITE _IOW('U', 3, struct usb_raw_ep_io)
#define USB_RAW_IOCTL_EP0_READ _IOWR('U', 4, struct usb_raw_ep_io)
#define USB_RAW_IOCTL_EP_ENABLE _IOW('U', 5, struct usb_endpoint_descriptor)
#define USB_RAW_IOCTL_EP_DISABLE _IOW('U', 6, __u32)
#define USB_RAW_IOCTL_EP_WRITE _IOW('U', 7, struct usb_raw_ep_io)
#define USB_RAW_IOCTL_EP_READ _IOWR('U', 8, struct usb_raw_ep_io)
#define USB_RAW_IOCTL_CONFIGURE _IO('U', 9)
#define USB_RAW_IOCTL_VBUS_DRAW _IOW('U', 10, __u32)
#define USB_RAW_IOCTL_EPS_INFO _IOR('U', 11, struct usb_raw_eps_info)
#define USB_RAW_IOCTL_EP0_STALL _IO('U', 12)
#define USB_RAW_IOCTL_EP_SET_HALT _IOW('U', 13, __u32)
#define USB_RAW_IOCTL_EP_CLEAR_HALT _IOW('U', 14, __u32)
#define USB_RAW_IOCTL_EP_SET_WEDGE _IOW('U', 15, __u32)
static int usb_raw_open()
{
    return open("/dev/raw-gadget", O_RDWR);
}
static int usb_raw_init(int fd, uint32_t speed, const char* driver, const char* device)
{
    struct usb_raw_init arg;
    strncpy((char*)&arg.driver_name[0], driver, sizeof(arg.driver_name));
    strncpy((char*)&arg.device_name[0], device, sizeof(arg.device_name));
    arg.speed = speed;
    return ioctl(fd, USB_RAW_IOCTL_INIT, &arg);
}
static int usb_raw_run(int fd)
{
    return ioctl(fd, USB_RAW_IOCTL_RUN, 0);
}
static int usb_raw_configure(int fd)
{
    return ioctl(fd, USB_RAW_IOCTL_CONFIGURE, 0);
}
static int usb_raw_vbus_draw(int fd, uint32_t power)
{
    return ioctl(fd, USB_RAW_IOCTL_VBUS_DRAW, power);
}
static int usb_raw_ep0_write(int fd, struct usb_raw_ep_io* io)
{
    return ioctl(fd, USB_RAW_IOCTL_EP0_WRITE, io);
}
static int usb_raw_ep0_read(int fd, struct usb_raw_ep_io* io)
{
    return ioctl(fd, USB_RAW_IOCTL_EP0_READ, io);
}
static int usb_raw_event_fetch(int fd, struct usb_raw_event* event)
{
    return ioctl(fd, USB_RAW_IOCTL_EVENT_FETCH, event);
}
static int usb_raw_ep_enable(int fd, struct usb_endpoint_descriptor* desc)
{
    return ioctl(fd, USB_RAW_IOCTL_EP_ENABLE, desc);
}
static int usb_raw_ep_disable(int fd, int ep)
{
    return ioctl(fd, USB_RAW_IOCTL_EP_DISABLE, ep);
}
static int usb_raw_ep0_stall(int fd)
{
    return ioctl(fd, USB_RAW_IOCTL_EP0_STALL, 0);
}
static int lookup_interface(int fd, uint8_t bInterfaceNumber, uint8_t bAlternateSetting)
{
    struct usb_device_index* index = lookup_usb_index(fd);
    if (!index)
    	return -1;
    for (int i = 0; i < index->ifaces_num; i++) {
    	if (index->ifaces[i].bInterfaceNumber == bInterfaceNumber &&
    	    index->ifaces[i].bAlternateSetting == bAlternateSetting)
    		return i;
    }
    return -1;
}
#define USB_MAX_PACKET_SIZE 4096
struct usb_raw_control_event {
    struct usb_raw_event inner;
    struct usb_ctrlrequest ctrl;
    char data[USB_MAX_PACKET_SIZE];
};
struct usb_raw_ep_io_data {
    struct usb_raw_ep_io inner;
    char data[USB_MAX_PACKET_SIZE];
};
static void set_interface(int fd, int n)
{
    struct usb_device_index* index = lookup_usb_index(fd);
    if (!index)
    	return;
    if (index->iface_cur >= 0 && index->iface_cur < index->ifaces_num) {
    	for (int ep = 0; ep < index->ifaces[index->iface_cur].eps_num; ep++) {
    		int rv = usb_raw_ep_disable(fd, index->ifaces[index->iface_cur].eps[ep].handle);
    		if (rv < 0) {
    		} else {
    		}
    	}
    }
    if (n >= 0 && n < index->ifaces_num) {
    	for (int ep = 0; ep < index->ifaces[n].eps_num; ep++) {
    		int rv = usb_raw_ep_enable(fd, &index->ifaces[n].eps[ep].desc);
    		if (rv < 0) {
    		} else {
    			index->ifaces[n].eps[ep].handle = rv;
    		}
    	}
    	index->iface_cur = n;
    }
}
static int configure_device(int fd)
{
    struct usb_device_index* index = lookup_usb_index(fd);
    if (!index)
    	return -1;
    int rv = usb_raw_vbus_draw(fd, index->bMaxPower);
    if (rv < 0) {
    	return rv;
    }
    rv = usb_raw_configure(fd);
    if (rv < 0) {
    	return rv;
    }
    set_interface(fd, 0);
    return 0;
}
static volatile long syz_usb_connect_impl(uint64_t speed, uint64_t dev_len, const char* dev,
    				  const struct vusb_connect_descriptors* descs,
    				  lookup_connect_out_response_t lookup_connect_response_out)
{
    if (!dev) {
    	return -1;
    }
    int fd = usb_raw_open();
    if (fd < 0) {
    	return fd;
    }
    if (fd >= MAX_FDS) {
    	close(fd);
    	return -1;
    }
    struct usb_device_index* index = add_usb_index(fd, dev, dev_len);
    if (!index) {
    	return -1;
    }
    char device[32];
    sprintf(&device[0], "dummy_udc.%llu", procid);
    int rv = usb_raw_init(fd, speed, "dummy_udc", &device[0]);
    if (rv < 0) {
    	return rv;
    }
    rv = usb_raw_run(fd);
    if (rv < 0) {
    	return rv;
    }
    bool done = false;
    while (!done) {
    	struct usb_raw_control_event event;
    	event.inner.type = 0;
    	event.inner.length = sizeof(event.ctrl);
    	rv = usb_raw_event_fetch(fd, (struct usb_raw_event*)&event);
    	if (rv < 0) {
    		return rv;
    	}
    	if (event.inner.type != USB_RAW_EVENT_CONTROL)
    		continue;
    	char* response_data = NULL;
    	uint32_t response_length = 0;
    	struct usb_qualifier_descriptor qual;
    	if (event.ctrl.bRequestType & USB_DIR_IN) {
    		if (!lookup_connect_response_in(fd, descs, &event.ctrl, &qual, &response_data, &response_length)) {
    			usb_raw_ep0_stall(fd);
    			continue;
    		}
    	} else {
    		if (!lookup_connect_response_out(fd, descs, &event.ctrl, &done)) {
    			usb_raw_ep0_stall(fd);
    			continue;
    		}
    		response_data = NULL;
    		response_length = event.ctrl.wLength;
    	}
    	if ((event.ctrl.bRequestType & USB_TYPE_MASK) == USB_TYPE_STANDARD &&
    	    event.ctrl.bRequest == USB_REQ_SET_CONFIGURATION) {
    		rv = configure_device(fd);
    		if (rv < 0) {
    			return rv;
    		}
    	}
    	struct usb_raw_ep_io_data response;
    	response.inner.ep = 0;
    	response.inner.flags = 0;
    	if (response_length > sizeof(response.data))
    		response_length = 0;
    	if (event.ctrl.wLength < response_length)
    		response_length = event.ctrl.wLength;
    	response.inner.length = response_length;
    	if (response_data)
    		memcpy(&response.data[0], response_data, response_length);
    	else
    		memset(&response.data[0], 0, response_length);
    	if (event.ctrl.bRequestType & USB_DIR_IN) {
    		rv = usb_raw_ep0_write(fd, (struct usb_raw_ep_io*)&response);
    	} else {
    		rv = usb_raw_ep0_read(fd, (struct usb_raw_ep_io*)&response);
    	}
    	if (rv < 0) {
    		return rv;
    	}
    }
    sleep_ms(200);
    return fd;
}
static volatile long syz_usb_connect(volatile long a0, volatile long a1, volatile long a2, volatile long a3)
{
    uint64_t speed = a0;
    uint64_t dev_len = a1;
    const char* dev = (const char*)a2;
    const struct vusb_connect_descriptors* descs = (const struct vusb_connect_descriptors*)a3;
    return syz_usb_connect_impl(speed, dev_len, dev, descs, &lookup_connect_response_out_generic);
}
static volatile long syz_usb_control_io(volatile long a0, volatile long a1, volatile long a2)
{
    int fd = a0;
    const struct vusb_descriptors* descs = (const struct vusb_descriptors*)a1;
    const struct vusb_responses* resps = (const struct vusb_responses*)a2;
    struct usb_raw_control_event event;
    event.inner.type = 0;
    event.inner.length = USB_MAX_PACKET_SIZE;
    int rv = usb_raw_event_fetch(fd, (struct usb_raw_event*)&event);
    if (rv < 0) {
    	return rv;
    }
    if (event.inner.type != USB_RAW_EVENT_CONTROL) {
    	return -1;
    }
    char* response_data = NULL;
    uint32_t response_length = 0;
    if ((event.ctrl.bRequestType & USB_DIR_IN) && event.ctrl.wLength) {
    	if (!lookup_control_response(descs, resps, &event.ctrl, &response_data, &response_length)) {
    		usb_raw_ep0_stall(fd);
    		return -1;
    	}
    } else {
    	if ((event.ctrl.bRequestType & USB_TYPE_MASK) == USB_TYPE_STANDARD ||
    	    event.ctrl.bRequest == USB_REQ_SET_INTERFACE) {
    		int iface_num = event.ctrl.wIndex;
    		int alt_set = event.ctrl.wValue;
    		int iface_index = lookup_interface(fd, iface_num, alt_set);
    		if (iface_index < 0) {
    		} else {
    			set_interface(fd, iface_index);
    		}
    	}
    	response_length = event.ctrl.wLength;
    }
    struct usb_raw_ep_io_data response;
    response.inner.ep = 0;
    response.inner.flags = 0;
    if (response_length > sizeof(response.data))
    	response_length = 0;
    if (event.ctrl.wLength < response_length)
    	response_length = event.ctrl.wLength;
    if ((event.ctrl.bRequestType & USB_DIR_IN) && !event.ctrl.wLength) {
    	response_length = USB_MAX_PACKET_SIZE;
    }
    response.inner.length = response_length;
    if (response_data)
    	memcpy(&response.data[0], response_data, response_length);
    else
    	memset(&response.data[0], 0, response_length);
    if ((event.ctrl.bRequestType & USB_DIR_IN) && event.ctrl.wLength) {
    	rv = usb_raw_ep0_write(fd, (struct usb_raw_ep_io*)&response);
    } else {
    	rv = usb_raw_ep0_read(fd, (struct usb_raw_ep_io*)&response);
    }
    if (rv < 0) {
    	return rv;
    }
    sleep_ms(200);
    return 0;
}
static void kill_and_wait(int pid, int* status)
{
    kill(-pid, SIGKILL);
    kill(pid, SIGKILL);
    for (int i = 0; i < 100; i++) {
    	if (waitpid(-1, status, WNOHANG | __WALL) == pid)
    		return;
    	usleep(1000);
    }
    DIR* dir = opendir("/sys/fs/fuse/connections");
    if (dir) {
    	for (;;) {
    		struct dirent* ent = readdir(dir);
    		if (!ent)
    			break;
    		if (strcmp(ent->d_name, ".") == 0 || strcmp(ent->d_name, "..") == 0)
    			continue;
    		char abort[300];
    		snprintf(abort, sizeof(abort), "/sys/fs/fuse/connections/%s/abort", ent->d_name);
    		int fd = open(abort, O_WRONLY);
    		if (fd == -1) {
    			continue;
    		}
    		if (write(fd, abort, 1) < 0) {
    		}
    		close(fd);
    	}
    	closedir(dir);
    } else {
    }
    while (waitpid(-1, status, __WALL) != pid) {
    }
}
static void setup_test()
{
    prctl(PR_SET_PDEATHSIG, SIGKILL, 0, 0, 0);
    setpgrp();
    write_file("/proc/self/oom_score_adj", "1000");
}
static void execute_one(void);
#define WAIT_FLAGS __WALL
static void loop(void)
{
    int iter = 0;
    for (;; iter++) {
    	int pid = fork();
    	if (pid < 0)
    exit(1);
    	if (pid == 0) {
    		setup_test();
    		execute_one();
    		exit(0);
    	}
    	int status = 0;
    	uint64_t start = current_time_ms();
    	for (;;) {
    		sleep_ms(10);
    		if (waitpid(-1, &status, WNOHANG | WAIT_FLAGS) == pid)
    			break;
    		if (current_time_ms() - start < 5000)
    			continue;
    		kill_and_wait(pid, &status);
    		break;
    	}
    }
}
uint64_t r[1] = {0xffffffffffffffff};
void execute_one(void)
{
    	intptr_t res = 0;
    if (write(1, "executing program\n", sizeof("executing program\n") - 1)) {}
*(uint8_t*)0x200000000040 = 0x12;
*(uint8_t*)0x200000000041 = 1;
*(uint16_t*)0x200000000042 = 0x200;
*(uint8_t*)0x200000000044 = 0;
*(uint8_t*)0x200000000045 = 0;
*(uint8_t*)0x200000000046 = 0;
*(uint8_t*)0x200000000047 = 8;
*(uint16_t*)0x200000000048 = 0x1038;
*(uint16_t*)0x20000000004a = 0x1410;
*(uint16_t*)0x20000000004c = 0;
*(uint8_t*)0x20000000004e = 0;
*(uint8_t*)0x20000000004f = 0;
*(uint8_t*)0x200000000050 = 0;
*(uint8_t*)0x200000000051 = 1;
*(uint8_t*)0x200000000052 = 9;
*(uint8_t*)0x200000000053 = 2;
*(uint16_t*)0x200000000054 = 0x24;
*(uint8_t*)0x200000000056 = 1;
*(uint8_t*)0x200000000057 = 0;
*(uint8_t*)0x200000000058 = 0;
*(uint8_t*)0x200000000059 = 0;
*(uint8_t*)0x20000000005a = 2;
*(uint8_t*)0x20000000005b = 9;
*(uint8_t*)0x20000000005c = 4;
*(uint8_t*)0x20000000005d = 0;
*(uint8_t*)0x20000000005e = 0;
*(uint8_t*)0x20000000005f = 1;
*(uint8_t*)0x200000000060 = 3;
*(uint8_t*)0x200000000061 = 0;
*(uint8_t*)0x200000000062 = 1;
*(uint8_t*)0x200000000063 = 0;
*(uint8_t*)0x200000000064 = 9;
*(uint8_t*)0x200000000065 = 0x21;
*(uint16_t*)0x200000000066 = 8;
*(uint8_t*)0x200000000068 = 0xfd;
*(uint8_t*)0x200000000069 = 1;
*(uint8_t*)0x20000000006a = 0x22;
*(uint16_t*)0x20000000006b = 0x29;
*(uint8_t*)0x20000000006d = 9;
*(uint8_t*)0x20000000006e = 5;
*(uint8_t*)0x20000000006f = 0x81;
*(uint8_t*)0x200000000070 = 3;
*(uint16_t*)0x200000000071 = 0;
*(uint8_t*)0x200000000073 = 0;
*(uint8_t*)0x200000000074 = 0;
*(uint8_t*)0x200000000075 = 0;
    res = -1;
res = syz_usb_connect(/*speed=*/0, /*dev_len=*/0x36, /*dev=*/0x200000000040, /*conn_descs=*/0);
    if (res != -1)
    	r[0] = res;
syz_usb_control_io(/*fd=*/r[0], /*descs=*/0, /*resps=*/0);
    syscall(__NR_prctl, /*option=*/0x26ul, /*arg=*/1ul, 0, 0, 0);
*(uint32_t*)0x200000000000 = 0x2c;
*(uint64_t*)0x200000000004 = 0x2000000000c0;
memcpy((void*)0x2000000000c0, "\x40\x0c\x2a\x00\x00\x00\x2a\x22\x5f\xab\xe9\x36\x24\xdb\xb2\x2d\x8b\x5a\xc8\x50\x1c\x70\x40\xb2\xad\xcf\x1f\xb3\xab\x7e\xd1\x6b\xbb\xbf\xa2\xa0\x80\x2a\x9e\x3f\x78\x95\xe5\x90\x2e\xdd\xcb\x54", 48);
*(uint64_t*)0x20000000000c = 0;
*(uint64_t*)0x200000000014 = 0;
*(uint64_t*)0x20000000001c = 0;
*(uint64_t*)0x200000000024 = 0;
syz_usb_control_io(/*fd=*/r[0], /*descs=*/0x200000000000, /*resps=*/0);
}
int main(void)
{
    	syscall(__NR_mmap, /*addr=*/0x1ffffffff000ul, /*len=*/0x1000ul, /*prot=*/0ul, /*flags=MAP_FIXED|MAP_ANONYMOUS|MAP_PRIVATE*/0x32ul, /*fd=*/(intptr_t)-1, /*offset=*/0ul);
    syscall(__NR_mmap, /*addr=*/0x200000000000ul, /*len=*/0x1000000ul, /*prot=PROT_WRITE|PROT_READ|PROT_EXEC*/7ul, /*flags=MAP_FIXED|MAP_ANONYMOUS|MAP_PRIVATE*/0x32ul, /*fd=*/(intptr_t)-1, /*offset=*/0ul);
    syscall(__NR_mmap, /*addr=*/0x200001000000ul, /*len=*/0x1000ul, /*prot=*/0ul, /*flags=MAP_FIXED|MAP_ANONYMOUS|MAP_PRIVATE*/0x32ul, /*fd=*/(intptr_t)-1, /*offset=*/0ul);
    const char* reason;
    (void)reason;
    		loop();
    return 0;
}
I hope it helps.
Best regards
Jianzhou Zhao
Penglei Jiang