From: Stanley Chu stanley.chu@mediatek.com

[ Upstream commit f51913eef23f74c3bd07899dc7f1ed6df9e521d8 ]

In some cases, hba may go through shutdown flow without successful initialization and then make system hang.

For example, if ufshcd_change_power_mode() gets error and leads to ufshcd_hba_exit() to release resources of the host, future shutdown flow may hang the system since the host register will be accessed in unpowered state.

To solve this issue, simply add checking to skip shutdown for above kind of situation.

Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/1568780438-28753-1-git-send-email-stanley.chu@medi... Signed-off-by: Stanley Chu stanley.chu@mediatek.com Acked-by: Bean Huo beanhuo@micron.com Signed-off-by: Martin K. Petersen martin.petersen@oracle.com Signed-off-by: Sasha Levin sashal@kernel.org --- drivers/scsi/ufs/ufshcd.c | 3 +++ 1 file changed, 3 insertions(+)

diff --git a/drivers/scsi/ufs/ufshcd.c b/drivers/scsi/ufs/ufshcd.c index 60c9184bad3be..07cae5ea608c7 100644 --- a/drivers/scsi/ufs/ufshcd.c +++ b/drivers/scsi/ufs/ufshcd.c @@ -7755,6 +7755,9 @@ int ufshcd_shutdown(struct ufs_hba *hba) { int ret = 0;

+ if (!hba->is_powered) + goto out; + if (ufshcd_is_ufs_dev_poweroff(hba) && ufshcd_is_link_off(hba)) goto out;

From: Quinn Tran qutran@marvell.com

[ Upstream commit c3b6a1d397420a0fdd97af2f06abfb78adc370df ]

There are instances, though rare, where a LOGO request cannot be sent out and the thread in free session done can wait indefinitely. Fix this by putting an upper bound to sleep.

Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20190912180918.6436-3-hmadhani@marvell.com Signed-off-by: Quinn Tran qutran@marvell.com Signed-off-by: Himanshu Madhani hmadhani@marvell.com Signed-off-by: Martin K. Petersen martin.petersen@oracle.com Signed-off-by: Sasha Levin sashal@kernel.org --- drivers/scsi/qla2xxx/qla_target.c | 4 ++++ 1 file changed, 4 insertions(+)

diff --git a/drivers/scsi/qla2xxx/qla_target.c b/drivers/scsi/qla2xxx/qla_target.c index 87e04c4a49821..11753ed3433ca 100644 --- a/drivers/scsi/qla2xxx/qla_target.c +++ b/drivers/scsi/qla2xxx/qla_target.c @@ -996,6 +996,7 @@ static void qlt_free_session_done(struct work_struct *work)

if (logout_started) { bool traced = false; + u16 cnt = 0;

while (!ACCESS_ONCE(sess->logout_completed)) { if (!traced) { @@ -1005,6 +1006,9 @@ static void qlt_free_session_done(struct work_struct *work) traced = true; } msleep(100); + cnt++; + if (cnt > 200) + break; }

ql_dbg(ql_dbg_disc, vha, 0xf087,

From: Jim Mattson jmattson@google.com

[ Upstream commit 43561123ab3759eb6ff47693aec1a307af0aef83 ]

For these CPUID leaves, the EDX output is not dependent on the ECX input (i.e. the SIGNIFCANT_INDEX flag doesn't apply to EDX). Furthermore, the low byte of the ECX output is always identical to the low byte of the ECX input. KVM does not produce the correct ECX and EDX outputs for any undefined subleaves beyond the first.

Special-case these CPUID leaves in kvm_cpuid, so that the ECX and EDX outputs are properly generated for all undefined subleaves.

Fixes: 0771671749b59a ("KVM: Enhance guest cpuid management") Fixes: a87f2d3a6eadab ("KVM: x86: Add Intel CPUID.1F cpuid emulation support") Signed-off-by: Jim Mattson jmattson@google.com Reviewed-by: Marc Orr marcorr@google.com Reviewed-by: Peter Shier pshier@google.com Reviewed-by: Jacob Xu jacobhxu@google.com Cc: Sean Christopherson sean.j.christopherson@intel.com Cc: Paolo Bonzini pbonzini@redhat.com Signed-off-by: Paolo Bonzini pbonzini@redhat.com Signed-off-by: Sasha Levin sashal@kernel.org --- arch/x86/kvm/cpuid.c | 83 +++++++++++++++++++++++++------------------- 1 file changed, 47 insertions(+), 36 deletions(-)

diff --git a/arch/x86/kvm/cpuid.c b/arch/x86/kvm/cpuid.c index 5c82b4bc4a68a..f3c49dc423895 100644 --- a/arch/x86/kvm/cpuid.c +++ b/arch/x86/kvm/cpuid.c @@ -868,53 +868,64 @@ struct kvm_cpuid_entry2 *kvm_find_cpuid_entry(struct kvm_vcpu *vcpu, EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(kvm_find_cpuid_entry);

/* - * If no match is found, check whether we exceed the vCPU's limit - * and return the content of the highest valid _standard_ leaf instead. - * This is to satisfy the CPUID specification. + * If the basic or extended CPUID leaf requested is higher than the + * maximum supported basic or extended leaf, respectively, then it is + * out of range. */ -static struct kvm_cpuid_entry2* check_cpuid_limit(struct kvm_vcpu *vcpu, - u32 function, u32 index) +static bool cpuid_function_in_range(struct kvm_vcpu *vcpu, u32 function) { - struct kvm_cpuid_entry2 *maxlevel; - - maxlevel = kvm_find_cpuid_entry(vcpu, function & 0x80000000, 0); - if (!maxlevel || maxlevel->eax >= function) - return NULL; - if (function & 0x80000000) { - maxlevel = kvm_find_cpuid_entry(vcpu, 0, 0); - if (!maxlevel) - return NULL; - } - return kvm_find_cpuid_entry(vcpu, maxlevel->eax, index); + struct kvm_cpuid_entry2 *max; + + max = kvm_find_cpuid_entry(vcpu, function & 0x80000000, 0); + return max && function <= max->eax; }

bool kvm_cpuid(struct kvm_vcpu *vcpu, u32 *eax, u32 *ebx, u32 *ecx, u32 *edx, bool check_limit) { u32 function = *eax, index = *ecx; - struct kvm_cpuid_entry2 *best; - bool entry_found = true; - - best = kvm_find_cpuid_entry(vcpu, function, index); - - if (!best) { - entry_found = false; - if (!check_limit) - goto out; + struct kvm_cpuid_entry2 *entry; + struct kvm_cpuid_entry2 *max; + bool found;

- best = check_cpuid_limit(vcpu, function, index); + entry = kvm_find_cpuid_entry(vcpu, function, index); + found = entry; + /* + * Intel CPUID semantics treats any query for an out-of-range + * leaf as if the highest basic leaf (i.e. CPUID.0H:EAX) were + * requested. + */ + if (!entry && check_limit && !cpuid_function_in_range(vcpu, function)) { + max = kvm_find_cpuid_entry(vcpu, 0, 0); + if (max) { + function = max->eax; + entry = kvm_find_cpuid_entry(vcpu, function, index); + } } - -out: - if (best) { - *eax = best->eax; - *ebx = best->ebx; - *ecx = best->ecx; - *edx = best->edx; - } else + if (entry) { + *eax = entry->eax; + *ebx = entry->ebx; + *ecx = entry->ecx; + *edx = entry->edx; + } else { *eax = *ebx = *ecx = *edx = 0; - trace_kvm_cpuid(function, *eax, *ebx, *ecx, *edx, entry_found); - return entry_found; + /* + * When leaf 0BH or 1FH is defined, CL is pass-through + * and EDX is always the x2APIC ID, even for undefined + * subleaves. Index 1 will exist iff the leaf is + * implemented, so we pass through CL iff leaf 1 + * exists. EDX can be copied from any existing index. + */ + if (function == 0xb || function == 0x1f) { + entry = kvm_find_cpuid_entry(vcpu, function, 1); + if (entry) { + *ecx = index & 0xff; + *edx = entry->edx; + } + } + } + trace_kvm_cpuid(function, *eax, *ebx, *ecx, *edx, found); + return found; } EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(kvm_cpuid);

From: Navid Emamdoost navid.emamdoost@gmail.com

[ Upstream commit 6402939ec86eaf226c8b8ae00ed983936b164908 ]

In ca8210_probe the allocated pdata needs to be assigned to spi_device->dev.platform_data before calling ca8210_get_platform_data. Othrwise when ca8210_get_platform_data fails pdata cannot be released.

Signed-off-by: Navid Emamdoost navid.emamdoost@gmail.com Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20190917224713.26371-1-navid.emamdoost@gmail.com Signed-off-by: Stefan Schmidt stefan@datenfreihafen.org Signed-off-by: Sasha Levin sashal@kernel.org --- drivers/net/ieee802154/ca8210.c | 2 +- 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/drivers/net/ieee802154/ca8210.c b/drivers/net/ieee802154/ca8210.c index dcd10dba08c72..3a58962babd41 100644 --- a/drivers/net/ieee802154/ca8210.c +++ b/drivers/net/ieee802154/ca8210.c @@ -3153,12 +3153,12 @@ static int ca8210_probe(struct spi_device *spi_device) goto error; }

+ priv->spi->dev.platform_data = pdata; ret = ca8210_get_platform_data(priv->spi, pdata); if (ret) { dev_crit(&spi_device->dev, "ca8210_get_platform_data failed\n"); goto error; } - priv->spi->dev.platform_data = pdata;

ret = ca8210_dev_com_init(priv); if (ret) {

From: Michal Vokáč michal.vokac@ysoft.com

[ Upstream commit 7ae6d93c8f052b7a77ba56ed0f654e22a2876739 ]

The QCA8K family supports up to 7 ports. So use the existing QCA8K_NUM_PORTS define to allocate the switch structure and limit all operations with the switch ports.

This was not an issue until commit 0394a63acfe2 ("net: dsa: enable and disable all ports") disabled all unused ports. Since the unused ports 7-11 are outside of the correct register range on this switch some registers were rewritten with invalid content.

Fixes: 6b93fb46480a ("net-next: dsa: add new driver for qca8xxx family") Fixes: a0c02161ecfc ("net: dsa: variable number of ports") Fixes: 0394a63acfe2 ("net: dsa: enable and disable all ports") Signed-off-by: Michal Vokáč michal.vokac@ysoft.com Reviewed-by: Andrew Lunn andrew@lunn.ch Signed-off-by: David S. Miller davem@davemloft.net Signed-off-by: Sasha Levin sashal@kernel.org --- drivers/net/dsa/qca8k.c | 4 ++-- 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)

diff --git a/drivers/net/dsa/qca8k.c b/drivers/net/dsa/qca8k.c index c3c9d7e33bd6c..8e49974ffa0ed 100644 --- a/drivers/net/dsa/qca8k.c +++ b/drivers/net/dsa/qca8k.c @@ -551,7 +551,7 @@ qca8k_setup(struct dsa_switch *ds) BIT(0) << QCA8K_GLOBAL_FW_CTRL1_UC_DP_S);

/* Setup connection between CPU port & user ports */ - for (i = 0; i < DSA_MAX_PORTS; i++) { + for (i = 0; i < QCA8K_NUM_PORTS; i++) { /* CPU port gets connected to all user ports of the switch */ if (dsa_is_cpu_port(ds, i)) { qca8k_rmw(priv, QCA8K_PORT_LOOKUP_CTRL(QCA8K_CPU_PORT), @@ -900,7 +900,7 @@ qca8k_sw_probe(struct mdio_device *mdiodev) if (id != QCA8K_ID_QCA8337) return -ENODEV;

- priv->ds = dsa_switch_alloc(&mdiodev->dev, DSA_MAX_PORTS); + priv->ds = dsa_switch_alloc(&mdiodev->dev, QCA8K_NUM_PORTS); if (!priv->ds) return -ENOMEM;

From: Ross Lagerwall ross.lagerwall@citrix.com

[ Upstream commit df359f0d09dc029829b66322707a2f558cb720f7 ]

Other parts of the kernel expect these nonblocking EFI callbacks to exist and crash when running under Xen. Since the implementations of xen_efi_set_variable() and xen_efi_query_variable_info() do not take any locks, use them for the nonblocking callbacks too.

Signed-off-by: Ross Lagerwall ross.lagerwall@citrix.com Reviewed-by: Juergen Gross jgross@suse.com Signed-off-by: Juergen Gross jgross@suse.com Signed-off-by: Sasha Levin sashal@kernel.org --- arch/arm/xen/efi.c | 2 ++ arch/x86/xen/efi.c | 2 ++ 2 files changed, 4 insertions(+)

diff --git a/arch/arm/xen/efi.c b/arch/arm/xen/efi.c index b4d78959cadf0..bc9a37b3cecd6 100644 --- a/arch/arm/xen/efi.c +++ b/arch/arm/xen/efi.c @@ -31,7 +31,9 @@ void __init xen_efi_runtime_setup(void) efi.get_variable = xen_efi_get_variable; efi.get_next_variable = xen_efi_get_next_variable; efi.set_variable = xen_efi_set_variable; + efi.set_variable_nonblocking = xen_efi_set_variable; efi.query_variable_info = xen_efi_query_variable_info; + efi.query_variable_info_nonblocking = xen_efi_query_variable_info; efi.update_capsule = xen_efi_update_capsule; efi.query_capsule_caps = xen_efi_query_capsule_caps; efi.get_next_high_mono_count = xen_efi_get_next_high_mono_count; diff --git a/arch/x86/xen/efi.c b/arch/x86/xen/efi.c index a18703be9ead9..4769a069d5bd8 100644 --- a/arch/x86/xen/efi.c +++ b/arch/x86/xen/efi.c @@ -77,7 +77,9 @@ static efi_system_table_t __init *xen_efi_probe(void) efi.get_variable = xen_efi_get_variable; efi.get_next_variable = xen_efi_get_next_variable; efi.set_variable = xen_efi_set_variable; + efi.set_variable_nonblocking = xen_efi_set_variable; efi.query_variable_info = xen_efi_query_variable_info; + efi.query_variable_info_nonblocking = xen_efi_query_variable_info; efi.update_capsule = xen_efi_update_capsule; efi.query_capsule_caps = xen_efi_query_capsule_caps; efi.get_next_high_mono_count = xen_efi_get_next_high_mono_count;

From: Miaoqing Pan miaoqing@codeaurora.org

[ Upstream commit b501426cf86e70649c983c52f4c823b3c40d72a3 ]

If the interface is not in MESH mode, the command 'iw wlanx mpath del' will cause kernel panic.

The root cause is null pointer access in mpp_flush_by_proxy(), as the pointer 'sdata->u.mesh.mpp_paths' is NULL for non MESH interface.

Unable to handle kernel NULL pointer dereference at virtual address 00000068 [...] PC is at _raw_spin_lock_bh+0x20/0x5c LR is at mesh_path_del+0x1c/0x17c [mac80211] [...] Process iw (pid: 4537, stack limit = 0xd83e0238) [...] [<c021211c>] (_raw_spin_lock_bh) from [<bf8c7648>] (mesh_path_del+0x1c/0x17c [mac80211]) [<bf8c7648>] (mesh_path_del [mac80211]) from [<bf6cdb7c>] (extack_doit+0x20/0x68 [compat]) [<bf6cdb7c>] (extack_doit [compat]) from [<c05c309c>] (genl_rcv_msg+0x274/0x30c) [<c05c309c>] (genl_rcv_msg) from [<c05c25d8>] (netlink_rcv_skb+0x58/0xac) [<c05c25d8>] (netlink_rcv_skb) from [<c05c2e14>] (genl_rcv+0x20/0x34) [<c05c2e14>] (genl_rcv) from [<c05c1f90>] (netlink_unicast+0x11c/0x204) [<c05c1f90>] (netlink_unicast) from [<c05c2420>] (netlink_sendmsg+0x30c/0x370) [<c05c2420>] (netlink_sendmsg) from [<c05886d0>] (sock_sendmsg+0x70/0x84) [<c05886d0>] (sock_sendmsg) from [<c0589f4c>] (___sys_sendmsg.part.3+0x188/0x228) [<c0589f4c>] (___sys_sendmsg.part.3) from [<c058add4>] (__sys_sendmsg+0x4c/0x70) [<c058add4>] (__sys_sendmsg) from [<c0208c80>] (ret_fast_syscall+0x0/0x44) Code: e2822c02 e2822001 e5832004 f590f000 (e1902f9f) ---[ end trace bbd717600f8f884d ]---

Signed-off-by: Miaoqing Pan miaoqing@codeaurora.org Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/1569485810-761-1-git-send-email-miaoqing@codeauror... [trim useless data from commit message] Signed-off-by: Johannes Berg johannes.berg@intel.com Signed-off-by: Sasha Levin sashal@kernel.org --- net/wireless/nl80211.c | 3 +++ 1 file changed, 3 insertions(+)

diff --git a/net/wireless/nl80211.c b/net/wireless/nl80211.c index f19d5a55f09ef..8477209906aba 100644 --- a/net/wireless/nl80211.c +++ b/net/wireless/nl80211.c @@ -5464,6 +5464,9 @@ static int nl80211_del_mpath(struct sk_buff *skb, struct genl_info *info) if (!rdev->ops->del_mpath) return -EOPNOTSUPP;

+ if (dev->ieee80211_ptr->iftype != NL80211_IFTYPE_MESH_POINT) + return -EOPNOTSUPP; + return rdev_del_mpath(rdev, dev, dst); }

From: Christophe JAILLET christophe.jaillet@wanadoo.fr

[ Upstream commit 25b69a889b638b0b7e51e2c4fe717a66bec0e566 ]

'exit' functions should be marked as __exit, not __init.

Fixes: 85cc028817ef ("mips: make loongsoon serial driver explicitly modular") Signed-off-by: Christophe JAILLET christophe.jaillet@wanadoo.fr Signed-off-by: Paul Burton paul.burton@mips.com Cc: chenhc@lemote.com Cc: ralf@linux-mips.org Cc: jhogan@kernel.org Cc: linux-mips@vger.kernel.org Cc: linux-kernel@vger.kernel.org Cc: kernel-janitors@vger.kernel.org Signed-off-by: Sasha Levin sashal@kernel.org --- arch/mips/loongson64/common/serial.c | 2 +- 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/arch/mips/loongson64/common/serial.c b/arch/mips/loongson64/common/serial.c index ffefc1cb26121..98c3a7feb10f8 100644 --- a/arch/mips/loongson64/common/serial.c +++ b/arch/mips/loongson64/common/serial.c @@ -110,7 +110,7 @@ static int __init serial_init(void) } module_init(serial_init);

-static void __init serial_exit(void) +static void __exit serial_exit(void) { platform_device_unregister(&uart8250_device); }

From: Eric Sandeen sandeen@redhat.com

[ Upstream commit cc3a7bfe62b947b423fcb2cfe89fcba92bf48fa3 ]

Today, put_compat_statfs64() disallows nearly any field value over 2^32 if f_bsize is only 32 bits, but that makes no sense. compat_statfs64 is there for the explicit purpose of providing 64-bit fields for f_files, f_ffree, etc. And f_bsize is always only 32 bits.

As a result, 32-bit userspace gets -EOVERFLOW for i.e. large file counts even with -D_FILE_OFFSET_BITS=64 set.

In reality, only f_bsize and f_frsize can legitimately overflow (fields like f_type and f_namelen should never be large), so test only those fields.

This bug was discussed at length some time ago, and this is the proposal Al suggested at https://lkml.org/lkml/2018/8/6/640. It seemed to get dropped amid the discussion of other related changes, but this part seems obviously correct on its own, so I've picked it up and sent it, for expediency.

Fixes: 64d2ab32efe3 ("vfs: fix put_compat_statfs64() does not handle errors") Signed-off-by: Eric Sandeen sandeen@redhat.com Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds torvalds@linux-foundation.org Signed-off-by: Sasha Levin sashal@kernel.org --- fs/statfs.c | 17 ++++------------- 1 file changed, 4 insertions(+), 13 deletions(-)

diff --git a/fs/statfs.c b/fs/statfs.c index c25dd9a26cc1c..ca1084cbe03cf 100644 --- a/fs/statfs.c +++ b/fs/statfs.c @@ -304,19 +304,10 @@ COMPAT_SYSCALL_DEFINE2(fstatfs, unsigned int, fd, struct compat_statfs __user *, static int put_compat_statfs64(struct compat_statfs64 __user *ubuf, struct kstatfs *kbuf) { struct compat_statfs64 buf; - if (sizeof(ubuf->f_bsize) == 4) { - if ((kbuf->f_type | kbuf->f_bsize | kbuf->f_namelen | - kbuf->f_frsize | kbuf->f_flags) & 0xffffffff00000000ULL) - return -EOVERFLOW; - /* f_files and f_ffree may be -1; it's okay - * to stuff that into 32 bits */ - if (kbuf->f_files != 0xffffffffffffffffULL - && (kbuf->f_files & 0xffffffff00000000ULL)) - return -EOVERFLOW; - if (kbuf->f_ffree != 0xffffffffffffffffULL - && (kbuf->f_ffree & 0xffffffff00000000ULL)) - return -EOVERFLOW; - } + + if ((kbuf->f_bsize | kbuf->f_frsize) & 0xffffffff00000000ULL) + return -EOVERFLOW; + memset(&buf, 0, sizeof(struct compat_statfs64)); buf.f_type = kbuf->f_type; buf.f_bsize = kbuf->f_bsize;

From: Jacob Keller jacob.e.keller@intel.com

[ Upstream commit 82fdd12b95727640c9a8233c09d602e4518e71f7 ]

The namespace.pl script does not work properly if objtree is not set to an absolute path. The do_nm function is run from within the find function, which changes directories.

Because of this, appending objtree, $File::Find::dir, and $source, will return a path which is not valid from the current directory.

This used to work when objtree was set to an absolute path when using "make namespacecheck". It appears to have not worked when calling ./scripts/namespace.pl directly.

This behavior was changed in 7e1c04779efd ("kbuild: Use relative path for $(objtree)", 2014-05-14)

Rather than fixing the Makefile to set objtree to an absolute path, just fix namespace.pl to work when srctree and objtree are relative. Also fix the script to use an absolute path for these by default.

Use the File::Spec module for this purpose. It's been part of perl 5 since 5.005.

The curdir() function is used to get the current directory when the objtree and srctree aren't set in the environment.

rel2abs() is used to convert possibly relative objtree and srctree environment variables to absolute paths.

Finally, the catfile() function is used instead of string appending paths together, since this is more robust when joining paths together.

Signed-off-by: Jacob Keller jacob.e.keller@intel.com Acked-by: Randy Dunlap rdunlap@infradead.org Tested-by: Randy Dunlap rdunlap@infradead.org Signed-off-by: Masahiro Yamada yamada.masahiro@socionext.com Signed-off-by: Sasha Levin sashal@kernel.org --- scripts/namespace.pl | 13 +++++++------ 1 file changed, 7 insertions(+), 6 deletions(-)

diff --git a/scripts/namespace.pl b/scripts/namespace.pl index 729c547fc9e1e..30c43e639db8a 100755 --- a/scripts/namespace.pl +++ b/scripts/namespace.pl @@ -65,13 +65,14 @@ use warnings; use strict; use File::Find; +use File::Spec;

my $nm = ($ENV{'NM'} || "nm") . " -p"; my $objdump = ($ENV{'OBJDUMP'} || "objdump") . " -s -j .comment"; -my $srctree = ""; -my $objtree = ""; -$srctree = "$ENV{'srctree'}/" if (exists($ENV{'srctree'})); -$objtree = "$ENV{'objtree'}/" if (exists($ENV{'objtree'})); +my $srctree = File::Spec->curdir(); +my $objtree = File::Spec->curdir(); +$srctree = File::Spec->rel2abs($ENV{'srctree'}) if (exists($ENV{'srctree'})); +$objtree = File::Spec->rel2abs($ENV{'objtree'}) if (exists($ENV{'objtree'}));

if ($#ARGV != -1) { print STDERR "usage: $0 takes no parameters\n"; @@ -231,9 +232,9 @@ sub do_nm } ($source = $basename) =~ s/.o$//; if (-e "$source.c" || -e "$source.S") { - $source = "$objtree$File::Find::dir/$source"; + $source = File::Spec->catfile($objtree, $File::Find::dir, $source) } else { - $source = "$srctree$File::Find::dir/$source"; + $source = File::Spec->catfile($srctree, $File::Find::dir, $source) } if (! -e "$source.c" && ! -e "$source.S") { # No obvious source, exclude the object if it is conglomerate