The commit 8844618d8aa7 ("ext4: only look at the bg_flags field if it is valid") introduced an issue which are seeing when running "adb remount" on Android devices with the affected kernels. This change appears on 4.4.y and later.
EXT4-fs error (device vdd): ext4_has_uninit_itable:2882: comm remount svc 50: Inode table for bg 0 marked as needing zeroing Kernel panic - not syncing: EXT4-fs (device vdd): panic forced after error
Looks like this fix was already picked up for 4.14.y, 4.17.y but (AFAIK) it isn't on anybody's radar for 4.4 and 4.9. Thanks!