Apparently, the CPU is overheated

Since some version of Linux (I think since some 5.x), my computer started to turn off randomly, especially when under a load. A workaround is to put it into power saving mode (using Power in Gnome Settings). This makes it almost 2 times slower.

Unmodified Asus X515EA. I recently updated BIOS to Asus's version 315, but this didn't help.

Previously we cleared it from dust and replaced the thermal paste, but that didn't fix the problem.

I am attaching dmidecode.