This is a note to let you know that I've just added the patch titled
USB: core: Fix bug caused by duplicate interface PM usage counter
to my usb git tree which can be found at git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/gregkh/usb.git in the usb-linus branch.
The patch will show up in the next release of the linux-next tree (usually sometime within the next 24 hours during the week.)
The patch will hopefully also be merged in Linus's tree for the next -rc kernel release.
If you have any questions about this process, please let me know.
From c2b71462d294cf517a0bc6e4fd6424d7cee5596f Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Alan Stern stern@rowland.harvard.edu Date: Fri, 19 Apr 2019 13:52:38 -0400 Subject: USB: core: Fix bug caused by duplicate interface PM usage counter
The syzkaller fuzzer reported a bug in the USB hub driver which turned out to be caused by a negative runtime-PM usage counter. This allowed a hub to be runtime suspended at a time when the driver did not expect it. The symptom is a WARNING issued because the hub's status URB is submitted while it is already active:
URB 0000000031fb463e submitted while active WARNING: CPU: 0 PID: 2917 at drivers/usb/core/urb.c:363
The negative runtime-PM usage count was caused by an unfortunate design decision made when runtime PM was first implemented for USB. At that time, USB class drivers were allowed to unbind from their interfaces without balancing the usage counter (i.e., leaving it with a positive count). The core code would take care of setting the counter back to 0 before allowing another driver to bind to the interface.
Later on when runtime PM was implemented for the entire kernel, the opposite decision was made: Drivers were required to balance their runtime-PM get and put calls. In order to maintain backward compatibility, however, the USB subsystem adapted to the new implementation by keeping an independent usage counter for each interface and using it to automatically adjust the normal usage counter back to 0 whenever a driver was unbound.
This approach involves duplicating information, but what is worse, it doesn't work properly in cases where a USB class driver delays decrementing the usage counter until after the driver's disconnect() routine has returned and the counter has been adjusted back to 0. Doing so would cause the usage counter to become negative. There's even a warning about this in the USB power management documentation!
As it happens, this is exactly what the hub driver does. The kick_hub_wq() routine increments the runtime-PM usage counter, and the corresponding decrement is carried out by hub_event() in the context of the hub_wq work-queue thread. This work routine may sometimes run after the driver has been unbound from its interface, and when it does it causes the usage counter to go negative.
It is not possible for hub_disconnect() to wait for a pending hub_event() call to finish, because hub_disconnect() is called with the device lock held and hub_event() acquires that lock. The only feasible fix is to reverse the original design decision: remove the duplicate interface-specific usage counter and require USB drivers to balance their runtime PM gets and puts. As far as I know, all existing drivers currently do this.
Signed-off-by: Alan Stern stern@rowland.harvard.edu Reported-and-tested-by: syzbot+7634edaea4d0b341c625@syzkaller.appspotmail.com CC: stable@vger.kernel.org Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman gregkh@linuxfoundation.org --- Documentation/driver-api/usb/power-management.rst | 14 +++++++++----- drivers/usb/core/driver.c | 13 ------------- drivers/usb/storage/realtek_cr.c | 13 +++++-------- include/linux/usb.h | 2 -- 4 files changed, 14 insertions(+), 28 deletions(-)
diff --git a/Documentation/driver-api/usb/power-management.rst b/Documentation/driver-api/usb/power-management.rst index 79beb807996b..4a74cf6f2797 100644 --- a/Documentation/driver-api/usb/power-management.rst +++ b/Documentation/driver-api/usb/power-management.rst @@ -370,11 +370,15 @@ autosuspend the interface's device. When the usage counter is = 0 then the interface is considered to be idle, and the kernel may autosuspend the device.
-Drivers need not be concerned about balancing changes to the usage -counter; the USB core will undo any remaining "get"s when a driver -is unbound from its interface. As a corollary, drivers must not call -any of the ``usb_autopm_*`` functions after their ``disconnect`` -routine has returned. +Drivers must be careful to balance their overall changes to the usage +counter. Unbalanced "get"s will remain in effect when a driver is +unbound from its interface, preventing the device from going into +runtime suspend should the interface be bound to a driver again. On +the other hand, drivers are allowed to achieve this balance by calling +the ``usb_autopm_*`` functions even after their ``disconnect`` routine +has returned -- say from within a work-queue routine -- provided they +retain an active reference to the interface (via ``usb_get_intf`` and +``usb_put_intf``).
Drivers using the async routines are responsible for their own synchronization and mutual exclusion. diff --git a/drivers/usb/core/driver.c b/drivers/usb/core/driver.c index 8987cec9549d..ebcadaad89d1 100644 --- a/drivers/usb/core/driver.c +++ b/drivers/usb/core/driver.c @@ -473,11 +473,6 @@ static int usb_unbind_interface(struct device *dev) pm_runtime_disable(dev); pm_runtime_set_suspended(dev);
- /* Undo any residual pm_autopm_get_interface_* calls */ - for (r = atomic_read(&intf->pm_usage_cnt); r > 0; --r) - usb_autopm_put_interface_no_suspend(intf); - atomic_set(&intf->pm_usage_cnt, 0); - if (!error) usb_autosuspend_device(udev);
@@ -1633,7 +1628,6 @@ void usb_autopm_put_interface(struct usb_interface *intf) int status;
usb_mark_last_busy(udev); - atomic_dec(&intf->pm_usage_cnt); status = pm_runtime_put_sync(&intf->dev); dev_vdbg(&intf->dev, "%s: cnt %d -> %d\n", __func__, atomic_read(&intf->dev.power.usage_count), @@ -1662,7 +1656,6 @@ void usb_autopm_put_interface_async(struct usb_interface *intf) int status;
usb_mark_last_busy(udev); - atomic_dec(&intf->pm_usage_cnt); status = pm_runtime_put(&intf->dev); dev_vdbg(&intf->dev, "%s: cnt %d -> %d\n", __func__, atomic_read(&intf->dev.power.usage_count), @@ -1684,7 +1677,6 @@ void usb_autopm_put_interface_no_suspend(struct usb_interface *intf) struct usb_device *udev = interface_to_usbdev(intf);
usb_mark_last_busy(udev); - atomic_dec(&intf->pm_usage_cnt); pm_runtime_put_noidle(&intf->dev); } EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(usb_autopm_put_interface_no_suspend); @@ -1715,8 +1707,6 @@ int usb_autopm_get_interface(struct usb_interface *intf) status = pm_runtime_get_sync(&intf->dev); if (status < 0) pm_runtime_put_sync(&intf->dev); - else - atomic_inc(&intf->pm_usage_cnt); dev_vdbg(&intf->dev, "%s: cnt %d -> %d\n", __func__, atomic_read(&intf->dev.power.usage_count), status); @@ -1750,8 +1740,6 @@ int usb_autopm_get_interface_async(struct usb_interface *intf) status = pm_runtime_get(&intf->dev); if (status < 0 && status != -EINPROGRESS) pm_runtime_put_noidle(&intf->dev); - else - atomic_inc(&intf->pm_usage_cnt); dev_vdbg(&intf->dev, "%s: cnt %d -> %d\n", __func__, atomic_read(&intf->dev.power.usage_count), status); @@ -1775,7 +1763,6 @@ void usb_autopm_get_interface_no_resume(struct usb_interface *intf) struct usb_device *udev = interface_to_usbdev(intf);
usb_mark_last_busy(udev); - atomic_inc(&intf->pm_usage_cnt); pm_runtime_get_noresume(&intf->dev); } EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(usb_autopm_get_interface_no_resume); diff --git a/drivers/usb/storage/realtek_cr.c b/drivers/usb/storage/realtek_cr.c index 31b024441938..cc794e25a0b6 100644 --- a/drivers/usb/storage/realtek_cr.c +++ b/drivers/usb/storage/realtek_cr.c @@ -763,18 +763,16 @@ static void rts51x_suspend_timer_fn(struct timer_list *t) break; case RTS51X_STAT_IDLE: case RTS51X_STAT_SS: - usb_stor_dbg(us, "RTS51X_STAT_SS, intf->pm_usage_cnt:%d, power.usage:%d\n", - atomic_read(&us->pusb_intf->pm_usage_cnt), + usb_stor_dbg(us, "RTS51X_STAT_SS, power.usage:%d\n", atomic_read(&us->pusb_intf->dev.power.usage_count));
- if (atomic_read(&us->pusb_intf->pm_usage_cnt) > 0) { + if (atomic_read(&us->pusb_intf->dev.power.usage_count) > 0) { usb_stor_dbg(us, "Ready to enter SS state\n"); rts51x_set_stat(chip, RTS51X_STAT_SS); /* ignore mass storage interface's children */ pm_suspend_ignore_children(&us->pusb_intf->dev, true); usb_autopm_put_interface_async(us->pusb_intf); - usb_stor_dbg(us, "RTS51X_STAT_SS 01, intf->pm_usage_cnt:%d, power.usage:%d\n", - atomic_read(&us->pusb_intf->pm_usage_cnt), + usb_stor_dbg(us, "RTS51X_STAT_SS 01, power.usage:%d\n", atomic_read(&us->pusb_intf->dev.power.usage_count)); } break; @@ -807,11 +805,10 @@ static void rts51x_invoke_transport(struct scsi_cmnd *srb, struct us_data *us) int ret;
if (working_scsi(srb)) { - usb_stor_dbg(us, "working scsi, intf->pm_usage_cnt:%d, power.usage:%d\n", - atomic_read(&us->pusb_intf->pm_usage_cnt), + usb_stor_dbg(us, "working scsi, power.usage:%d\n", atomic_read(&us->pusb_intf->dev.power.usage_count));
- if (atomic_read(&us->pusb_intf->pm_usage_cnt) <= 0) { + if (atomic_read(&us->pusb_intf->dev.power.usage_count) <= 0) { ret = usb_autopm_get_interface(us->pusb_intf); usb_stor_dbg(us, "working scsi, ret=%d\n", ret); } diff --git a/include/linux/usb.h b/include/linux/usb.h index 5e49e82c4368..ff010d1fd1c7 100644 --- a/include/linux/usb.h +++ b/include/linux/usb.h @@ -200,7 +200,6 @@ usb_find_last_int_out_endpoint(struct usb_host_interface *alt, * @dev: driver model's view of this device * @usb_dev: if an interface is bound to the USB major, this will point * to the sysfs representation for that device. - * @pm_usage_cnt: PM usage counter for this interface * @reset_ws: Used for scheduling resets from atomic context. * @resetting_device: USB core reset the device, so use alt setting 0 as * current; needs bandwidth alloc after reset. @@ -257,7 +256,6 @@ struct usb_interface {
struct device dev; /* interface specific device info */ struct device *usb_dev; - atomic_t pm_usage_cnt; /* usage counter for autosuspend */ struct work_struct reset_ws; /* for resets in atomic context */ }; #define to_usb_interface(d) container_of(d, struct usb_interface, dev)