In hackrf driver, the following race condition occurs: ``` CPU0 CPU1 hackrf_probe() kzalloc(); // alloc hackrf_dev .... v4l2_device_register(); .... open("/path/to/dev"); // open hackrf dev .... v4l2_device_unregister(); .... kfree(); // free hackrf_dev .... ioctl(fd, ...); v4l2_ioctl(); video_is_registered() // UAF!! .... close(fd); v4l2_release() // UAF!! hackrf_video_release() kfree(); // DFB!! ```
When a V4L2 or video device is unregistered, the device node is removed so new open() calls are blocked.
However, file descriptors that are already open-and any in-flight I/O-do not terminate immediately; they remain valid until the last reference is dropped and the driver's release() is invoked.
Therefore, freeing device memory on the error path after hackrf_probe() has registered dev it will lead to a race to use-after-free vuln, since those already-open handles haven't been released yet.
And since release() free memory too, race to use-after-free and double-free vuln occur.
To prevent this, if device is registered from probe(), it should be modified to free memory only through release() rather than calling kfree() directly.
Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org Reported-by: syzbot+6ffd76b5405c006a46b7@syzkaller.appspotmail.com Closes: https://syzkaller.appspot.com/bug?extid=6ffd76b5405c006a46b7 Reported-by: syzbot+f1b20958f93d2d250727@syzkaller.appspotmail.com Closes: https://syzkaller.appspot.com/bug?extid=f1b20958f93d2d250727 Fixes: 8bc4a9ed8504 ("[media] hackrf: add support for transmitter") Signed-off-by: Jeongjun Park aha310510@gmail.com --- v2: Fix incorrect patch description style and CC stable mailing list - Link to v1: https://lore.kernel.org/all/20250822142729.1156816-1-aha310510@gmail.com/ --- drivers/media/usb/hackrf/hackrf.c | 2 ++ 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+)
diff --git a/drivers/media/usb/hackrf/hackrf.c b/drivers/media/usb/hackrf/hackrf.c index 0b50de8775a3..d7a84422193d 100644 --- a/drivers/media/usb/hackrf/hackrf.c +++ b/drivers/media/usb/hackrf/hackrf.c @@ -1515,6 +1515,8 @@ static int hackrf_probe(struct usb_interface *intf, video_unregister_device(&dev->rx_vdev); err_v4l2_device_unregister: v4l2_device_unregister(&dev->v4l2_dev); + dev_dbg(&intf->dev, "failed=%d\n", ret); + return ret; err_v4l2_ctrl_handler_free_tx: v4l2_ctrl_handler_free(&dev->tx_ctrl_handler); err_v4l2_ctrl_handler_free_rx: --