4.9-stable review patch. If anyone has any objections, please let me know.
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From: Daniel Borkmann daniel@iogearbox.net
commit 87e0d4f0f37fb0c8c4aeeac46fff5e957738df79 upstream.
Prasad reported that he has seen crashes in BPF subsystem with netd on Android with arm64 in the form of (note, the taint is unrelated):
[ 4134.721483] Unable to handle kernel paging request at virtual address 800000001 [ 4134.820925] Mem abort info: [ 4134.901283] Exception class = DABT (current EL), IL = 32 bits [ 4135.016736] SET = 0, FnV = 0 [ 4135.119820] EA = 0, S1PTW = 0 [ 4135.201431] Data abort info: [ 4135.301388] ISV = 0, ISS = 0x00000021 [ 4135.359599] CM = 0, WnR = 0 [ 4135.470873] user pgtable: 4k pages, 39-bit VAs, pgd = ffffffe39b946000 [ 4135.499757] [0000000800000001] *pgd=0000000000000000, *pud=0000000000000000 [ 4135.660725] Internal error: Oops: 96000021 [#1] PREEMPT SMP [ 4135.674610] Modules linked in: [ 4135.682883] CPU: 5 PID: 1260 Comm: netd Tainted: G S W 4.14.19+ #1 [ 4135.716188] task: ffffffe39f4aa380 task.stack: ffffff801d4e0000 [ 4135.731599] PC is at bpf_prog_add+0x20/0x68 [ 4135.741746] LR is at bpf_prog_inc+0x20/0x2c [ 4135.751788] pc : [<ffffff94ab7ad584>] lr : [<ffffff94ab7ad638>] pstate: 60400145 [ 4135.769062] sp : ffffff801d4e3ce0 [...] [ 4136.258315] Process netd (pid: 1260, stack limit = 0xffffff801d4e0000) [ 4136.273746] Call trace: [...] [ 4136.442494] 3ca0: ffffff94ab7ad584 0000000060400145 ffffffe3a01bf8f8 0000000000000006 [ 4136.460936] 3cc0: 0000008000000000 ffffff94ab844204 ffffff801d4e3cf0 ffffff94ab7ad584 [ 4136.479241] [<ffffff94ab7ad584>] bpf_prog_add+0x20/0x68 [ 4136.491767] [<ffffff94ab7ad638>] bpf_prog_inc+0x20/0x2c [ 4136.504536] [<ffffff94ab7b5d08>] bpf_obj_get_user+0x204/0x22c [ 4136.518746] [<ffffff94ab7ade68>] SyS_bpf+0x5a8/0x1a88
Android's netd was basically pinning the uid cookie BPF map in BPF fs (/sys/fs/bpf/traffic_cookie_uid_map) and later on retrieving it again resulting in above panic. Issue is that the map was wrongly identified as a prog! Above kernel was compiled with clang 4.0, and it turns out that clang decided to merge the bpf_prog_iops and bpf_map_iops into a single memory location, such that the two i_ops could then not be distinguished anymore.
Reason for this miscompilation is that clang has the more aggressive -fmerge-all-constants enabled by default. In fact, clang source code has a comment about it in lib/AST/ExprConstant.cpp on why it is okay to do so:
Pointers with different bases cannot represent the same object. (Note that clang defaults to -fmerge-all-constants, which can lead to inconsistent results for comparisons involving the address of a constant; this generally doesn't matter in practice.)
The issue never appeared with gcc however, since gcc does not enable -fmerge-all-constants by default and even *explicitly* states in it's option description that using this flag results in non-conforming behavior, quote from man gcc:
Languages like C or C++ require each variable, including multiple instances of the same variable in recursive calls, to have distinct locations, so using this option results in non-conforming behavior.
There are also various clang bug reports open on that matter [1], where clang developers acknowledge the non-conforming behavior, and refer to disabling it with -fno-merge-all-constants. But even if this gets fixed in clang today, there are already users out there that triggered this. Thus, fix this issue by explicitly adding -fno-merge-all-constants to the kernel's Makefile to generically disable this optimization, since potentially other places in the kernel could subtly break as well.
Note, there is also a flag called -fmerge-constants (not supported by clang), which is more conservative and only applies to strings and it's enabled in gcc's -O/-O2/-O3/-Os optimization levels. In gcc's code, the two flags -fmerge-{all-,}constants share the same variable internally, so when disabling it via -fno-merge-all-constants, then we really don't merge any const data (e.g. strings), and text size increases with gcc (14,927,214 -> 14,942,646 for vmlinux.o).
$ gcc -fverbose-asm -O2 foo.c -S -o foo.S -> foo.S lists -fmerge-constants under options enabled $ gcc -fverbose-asm -O2 -fno-merge-all-constants foo.c -S -o foo.S -> foo.S doesn't list -fmerge-constants under options enabled $ gcc -fverbose-asm -O2 -fno-merge-all-constants -fmerge-constants foo.c -S -o foo.S -> foo.S lists -fmerge-constants under options enabled
Thus, as a workaround we need to set both -fno-merge-all-constants *and* -fmerge-constants in the Makefile in order for text size to stay as is.
[1] https://bugs.llvm.org/show_bug.cgi?id=18538
Reported-by: Prasad Sodagudi psodagud@codeaurora.org Signed-off-by: Daniel Borkmann daniel@iogearbox.net Cc: Linus Torvalds torvalds@linux-foundation.org Cc: Chenbo Feng fengc@google.com Cc: Richard Smith richard-llvm@metafoo.co.uk Cc: Chandler Carruth chandlerc@gmail.com Cc: linux-kernel@vger.kernel.org Tested-by: Prasad Sodagudi psodagud@codeaurora.org Acked-by: Alexei Starovoitov ast@kernel.org Signed-off-by: Alexei Starovoitov ast@kernel.org Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman gregkh@linuxfoundation.org
--- Makefile | 9 +++++++++ 1 file changed, 9 insertions(+)
--- a/Makefile +++ b/Makefile @@ -790,6 +790,15 @@ KBUILD_CFLAGS += $(call cc-disable-warni # disable invalid "can't wrap" optimizations for signed / pointers KBUILD_CFLAGS += $(call cc-option,-fno-strict-overflow)
+# clang sets -fmerge-all-constants by default as optimization, but this +# is non-conforming behavior for C and in fact breaks the kernel, so we +# need to disable it here generally. +KBUILD_CFLAGS += $(call cc-option,-fno-merge-all-constants) + +# for gcc -fno-merge-all-constants disables everything, but it is fine +# to have actual conforming behavior enabled. +KBUILD_CFLAGS += $(call cc-option,-fmerge-constants) + # Make sure -fstack-check isn't enabled (like gentoo apparently did) KBUILD_CFLAGS += $(call cc-option,-fno-stack-check,)