From: Yonghong Song yonghong.song@linux.dev
[ Upstream commit 7dd34d7b7dcf9309fc6224caf4dd5b35bedddcb7 ]
Zac Ecob reported a problem where a bpf program may cause kernel crash due to the following error: Oops: divide error: 0000 [#1] PREEMPT SMP KASAN PTI
The failure is due to the below signed divide: LLONG_MIN/-1 where LLONG_MIN equals to -9,223,372,036,854,775,808. LLONG_MIN/-1 is supposed to give a positive number 9,223,372,036,854,775,808, but it is impossible since for 64-bit system, the maximum positive number is 9,223,372,036,854,775,807. On x86_64, LLONG_MIN/-1 will cause a kernel exception. On arm64, the result for LLONG_MIN/-1 is LLONG_MIN.
Further investigation found all the following sdiv/smod cases may trigger an exception when bpf program is running on x86_64 platform: - LLONG_MIN/-1 for 64bit operation - INT_MIN/-1 for 32bit operation - LLONG_MIN%-1 for 64bit operation - INT_MIN%-1 for 32bit operation where -1 can be an immediate or in a register.
On arm64, there are no exceptions: - LLONG_MIN/-1 = LLONG_MIN - INT_MIN/-1 = INT_MIN - LLONG_MIN%-1 = 0 - INT_MIN%-1 = 0 where -1 can be an immediate or in a register.
Insn patching is needed to handle the above cases and the patched codes produced results aligned with above arm64 result. The below are pseudo codes to handle sdiv/smod exceptions including both divisor -1 and divisor 0 and the divisor is stored in a register.
sdiv: tmp = rX tmp += 1 /* [-1, 0] -> [0, 1] if tmp >(unsigned) 1 goto L2 if tmp == 0 goto L1 rY = 0 L1: rY = -rY; goto L3 L2: rY /= rX L3:
smod: tmp = rX tmp += 1 /* [-1, 0] -> [0, 1] if tmp >(unsigned) 1 goto L1 if tmp == 1 (is64 ? goto L2 : goto L3) rY = 0; goto L2 L1: rY %= rX L2: goto L4 // only when !is64 L3: wY = wY // only when !is64 L4:
[1] https://lore.kernel.org/bpf/tPJLTEh7S_DxFEqAI2Ji5MBSoZVg7_G-Py2iaZpAaWtM961f...
Reported-by: Zac Ecob zacecob@protonmail.com Signed-off-by: Yonghong Song yonghong.song@linux.dev Acked-by: Andrii Nakryiko andrii@kernel.org Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20240913150326.1187788-1-yonghong.song@linux.dev Signed-off-by: Alexei Starovoitov ast@kernel.org Signed-off-by: Sasha Levin sashal@kernel.org --- kernel/bpf/verifier.c | 93 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++-- 1 file changed, 89 insertions(+), 4 deletions(-)
diff --git a/kernel/bpf/verifier.c b/kernel/bpf/verifier.c index 3b20c3e614e19..f2dd3fda40848 100644 --- a/kernel/bpf/verifier.c +++ b/kernel/bpf/verifier.c @@ -19929,13 +19929,46 @@ static int do_misc_fixups(struct bpf_verifier_env *env) /* Convert BPF_CLASS(insn->code) == BPF_ALU64 to 32-bit ALU */ insn->code = BPF_ALU | BPF_OP(insn->code) | BPF_SRC(insn->code);
- /* Make divide-by-zero exceptions impossible. */ + /* Make sdiv/smod divide-by-minus-one exceptions impossible. */ + if ((insn->code == (BPF_ALU64 | BPF_MOD | BPF_K) || + insn->code == (BPF_ALU64 | BPF_DIV | BPF_K) || + insn->code == (BPF_ALU | BPF_MOD | BPF_K) || + insn->code == (BPF_ALU | BPF_DIV | BPF_K)) && + insn->off == 1 && insn->imm == -1) { + bool is64 = BPF_CLASS(insn->code) == BPF_ALU64; + bool isdiv = BPF_OP(insn->code) == BPF_DIV; + struct bpf_insn *patchlet; + struct bpf_insn chk_and_sdiv[] = { + BPF_RAW_INSN((is64 ? BPF_ALU64 : BPF_ALU) | + BPF_NEG | BPF_K, insn->dst_reg, + 0, 0, 0), + }; + struct bpf_insn chk_and_smod[] = { + BPF_MOV32_IMM(insn->dst_reg, 0), + }; + + patchlet = isdiv ? chk_and_sdiv : chk_and_smod; + cnt = isdiv ? ARRAY_SIZE(chk_and_sdiv) : ARRAY_SIZE(chk_and_smod); + + new_prog = bpf_patch_insn_data(env, i + delta, patchlet, cnt); + if (!new_prog) + return -ENOMEM; + + delta += cnt - 1; + env->prog = prog = new_prog; + insn = new_prog->insnsi + i + delta; + goto next_insn; + } + + /* Make divide-by-zero and divide-by-minus-one exceptions impossible. */ if (insn->code == (BPF_ALU64 | BPF_MOD | BPF_X) || insn->code == (BPF_ALU64 | BPF_DIV | BPF_X) || insn->code == (BPF_ALU | BPF_MOD | BPF_X) || insn->code == (BPF_ALU | BPF_DIV | BPF_X)) { bool is64 = BPF_CLASS(insn->code) == BPF_ALU64; bool isdiv = BPF_OP(insn->code) == BPF_DIV; + bool is_sdiv = isdiv && insn->off == 1; + bool is_smod = !isdiv && insn->off == 1; struct bpf_insn *patchlet; struct bpf_insn chk_and_div[] = { /* [R,W]x div 0 -> 0 */ @@ -19955,10 +19988,62 @@ static int do_misc_fixups(struct bpf_verifier_env *env) BPF_JMP_IMM(BPF_JA, 0, 0, 1), BPF_MOV32_REG(insn->dst_reg, insn->dst_reg), }; + struct bpf_insn chk_and_sdiv[] = { + /* [R,W]x sdiv 0 -> 0 + * LLONG_MIN sdiv -1 -> LLONG_MIN + * INT_MIN sdiv -1 -> INT_MIN + */ + BPF_MOV64_REG(BPF_REG_AX, insn->src_reg), + BPF_RAW_INSN((is64 ? BPF_ALU64 : BPF_ALU) | + BPF_ADD | BPF_K, BPF_REG_AX, + 0, 0, 1), + BPF_RAW_INSN((is64 ? BPF_JMP : BPF_JMP32) | + BPF_JGT | BPF_K, BPF_REG_AX, + 0, 4, 1), + BPF_RAW_INSN((is64 ? BPF_JMP : BPF_JMP32) | + BPF_JEQ | BPF_K, BPF_REG_AX, + 0, 1, 0), + BPF_RAW_INSN((is64 ? BPF_ALU64 : BPF_ALU) | + BPF_MOV | BPF_K, insn->dst_reg, + 0, 0, 0), + /* BPF_NEG(LLONG_MIN) == -LLONG_MIN == LLONG_MIN */ + BPF_RAW_INSN((is64 ? BPF_ALU64 : BPF_ALU) | + BPF_NEG | BPF_K, insn->dst_reg, + 0, 0, 0), + BPF_JMP_IMM(BPF_JA, 0, 0, 1), + *insn, + }; + struct bpf_insn chk_and_smod[] = { + /* [R,W]x mod 0 -> [R,W]x */ + /* [R,W]x mod -1 -> 0 */ + BPF_MOV64_REG(BPF_REG_AX, insn->src_reg), + BPF_RAW_INSN((is64 ? BPF_ALU64 : BPF_ALU) | + BPF_ADD | BPF_K, BPF_REG_AX, + 0, 0, 1), + BPF_RAW_INSN((is64 ? BPF_JMP : BPF_JMP32) | + BPF_JGT | BPF_K, BPF_REG_AX, + 0, 3, 1), + BPF_RAW_INSN((is64 ? BPF_JMP : BPF_JMP32) | + BPF_JEQ | BPF_K, BPF_REG_AX, + 0, 3 + (is64 ? 0 : 1), 1), + BPF_MOV32_IMM(insn->dst_reg, 0), + BPF_JMP_IMM(BPF_JA, 0, 0, 1), + *insn, + BPF_JMP_IMM(BPF_JA, 0, 0, 1), + BPF_MOV32_REG(insn->dst_reg, insn->dst_reg), + };
- patchlet = isdiv ? chk_and_div : chk_and_mod; - cnt = isdiv ? ARRAY_SIZE(chk_and_div) : - ARRAY_SIZE(chk_and_mod) - (is64 ? 2 : 0); + if (is_sdiv) { + patchlet = chk_and_sdiv; + cnt = ARRAY_SIZE(chk_and_sdiv); + } else if (is_smod) { + patchlet = chk_and_smod; + cnt = ARRAY_SIZE(chk_and_smod) - (is64 ? 2 : 0); + } else { + patchlet = isdiv ? chk_and_div : chk_and_mod; + cnt = isdiv ? ARRAY_SIZE(chk_and_div) : + ARRAY_SIZE(chk_and_mod) - (is64 ? 2 : 0); + }
new_prog = bpf_patch_insn_data(env, i + delta, patchlet, cnt); if (!new_prog)