From: Nicholas Piggin npiggin@gmail.com
commit f79643787e0a0762d2409b7b8334e83f22d85695 upstream.
[backporting note: we need to mark some exception handlers as out-of-line because the flushing makes them take too much space -- dja]
IBM Power9 processors can speculatively operate on data in the L1 cache before it has been completely validated, via a way-prediction mechanism. It is not possible for an attacker to determine the contents of impermissible memory using this method, since these systems implement a combination of hardware and software security measures to prevent scenarios where protected data could be leaked.
However these measures don't address the scenario where an attacker induces the operating system to speculatively execute instructions using data that the attacker controls. This can be used for example to speculatively bypass "kernel user access prevention" techniques, as discovered by Anthony Steinhauser of Google's Safeside Project. This is not an attack by itself, but there is a possibility it could be used in conjunction with side-channels or other weaknesses in the privileged code to construct an attack.
This issue can be mitigated by flushing the L1 cache between privilege boundaries of concern. This patch flushes the L1 cache on kernel entry.
This is part of the fix for CVE-2020-4788.
Signed-off-by: Nicholas Piggin npiggin@gmail.com Signed-off-by: Daniel Axtens dja@axtens.net Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman gregkh@linuxfoundation.org --- Documentation/admin-guide/kernel-parameters.txt | 3 + arch/powerpc/include/asm/exception-64s.h | 9 +++ arch/powerpc/include/asm/feature-fixups.h | 10 ++++ arch/powerpc/include/asm/security_features.h | 4 + arch/powerpc/include/asm/setup.h | 3 + arch/powerpc/kernel/exceptions-64s.S | 49 +++++++++++++++++-- arch/powerpc/kernel/setup_64.c | 60 +++++++++++++++++++++++- arch/powerpc/kernel/vmlinux.lds.S | 7 ++ arch/powerpc/lib/feature-fixups.c | 54 +++++++++++++++++++++ arch/powerpc/platforms/powernv/setup.c | 11 ++++ arch/powerpc/platforms/pseries/setup.c | 4 + 11 files changed, 206 insertions(+), 8 deletions(-)
--- a/Documentation/admin-guide/kernel-parameters.txt +++ b/Documentation/admin-guide/kernel-parameters.txt @@ -2667,6 +2667,7 @@ mds=off [X86] tsx_async_abort=off [X86] kvm.nx_huge_pages=off [X86] + no_entry_flush [PPC]
Exceptions: This does not have any effect on @@ -2989,6 +2990,8 @@
noefi Disable EFI runtime services support.
+ no_entry_flush [PPC] Don't flush the L1-D cache when entering the kernel. + noexec [IA-64]
noexec [X86] --- a/arch/powerpc/include/asm/exception-64s.h +++ b/arch/powerpc/include/asm/exception-64s.h @@ -61,11 +61,18 @@ nop; \ nop
+#define ENTRY_FLUSH_SLOT \ + ENTRY_FLUSH_FIXUP_SECTION; \ + nop; \ + nop; \ + nop; + /* * r10 must be free to use, r13 must be paca */ #define INTERRUPT_TO_KERNEL \ - STF_ENTRY_BARRIER_SLOT + STF_ENTRY_BARRIER_SLOT; \ + ENTRY_FLUSH_SLOT
/* * Macros for annotating the expected destination of (h)rfid --- a/arch/powerpc/include/asm/feature-fixups.h +++ b/arch/powerpc/include/asm/feature-fixups.h @@ -205,6 +205,14 @@ label##3: \ FTR_ENTRY_OFFSET 955b-956b; \ .popsection;
+#define ENTRY_FLUSH_FIXUP_SECTION \ +957: \ + .pushsection __entry_flush_fixup,"a"; \ + .align 2; \ +958: \ + FTR_ENTRY_OFFSET 957b-958b; \ + .popsection; + #define RFI_FLUSH_FIXUP_SECTION \ 951: \ .pushsection __rfi_flush_fixup,"a"; \ @@ -237,8 +245,10 @@ label##3: \ #include <linux/types.h>
extern long stf_barrier_fallback; +extern long entry_flush_fallback; extern long __start___stf_entry_barrier_fixup, __stop___stf_entry_barrier_fixup; extern long __start___stf_exit_barrier_fixup, __stop___stf_exit_barrier_fixup; +extern long __start___entry_flush_fixup, __stop___entry_flush_fixup; extern long __start___rfi_flush_fixup, __stop___rfi_flush_fixup; extern long __start___barrier_nospec_fixup, __stop___barrier_nospec_fixup; extern long __start__btb_flush_fixup, __stop__btb_flush_fixup; --- a/arch/powerpc/include/asm/security_features.h +++ b/arch/powerpc/include/asm/security_features.h @@ -84,12 +84,16 @@ static inline bool security_ftr_enabled( // Software required to flush link stack on context switch #define SEC_FTR_FLUSH_LINK_STACK 0x0000000000001000ull
+// The L1-D cache should be flushed when entering the kernel +#define SEC_FTR_L1D_FLUSH_ENTRY 0x0000000000004000ull +
// Features enabled by default #define SEC_FTR_DEFAULT \ (SEC_FTR_L1D_FLUSH_HV | \ SEC_FTR_L1D_FLUSH_PR | \ SEC_FTR_BNDS_CHK_SPEC_BAR | \ + SEC_FTR_L1D_FLUSH_ENTRY | \ SEC_FTR_FAVOUR_SECURITY)
#endif /* _ASM_POWERPC_SECURITY_FEATURES_H */ --- a/arch/powerpc/include/asm/setup.h +++ b/arch/powerpc/include/asm/setup.h @@ -52,12 +52,15 @@ enum l1d_flush_type { };
void setup_rfi_flush(enum l1d_flush_type, bool enable); +void setup_entry_flush(bool enable); +void setup_uaccess_flush(bool enable); void do_rfi_flush_fixups(enum l1d_flush_type types); #ifdef CONFIG_PPC_BARRIER_NOSPEC void setup_barrier_nospec(void); #else static inline void setup_barrier_nospec(void) { }; #endif +void do_entry_flush_fixups(enum l1d_flush_type types); void do_barrier_nospec_fixups(bool enable); extern bool barrier_nospec_enabled;
--- a/arch/powerpc/kernel/exceptions-64s.S +++ b/arch/powerpc/kernel/exceptions-64s.S @@ -1150,7 +1150,7 @@ EXC_REAL_BEGIN(data_access, 0x300, 0x80) INT_HANDLER data_access, 0x300, ool=1, dar=1, dsisr=1, kvm=1 EXC_REAL_END(data_access, 0x300, 0x80) EXC_VIRT_BEGIN(data_access, 0x4300, 0x80) - INT_HANDLER data_access, 0x300, virt=1, dar=1, dsisr=1 + INT_HANDLER data_access, 0x300, ool=1, virt=1, dar=1, dsisr=1 EXC_VIRT_END(data_access, 0x4300, 0x80) INT_KVM_HANDLER data_access, 0x300, EXC_STD, PACA_EXGEN, 1 EXC_COMMON_BEGIN(data_access_common) @@ -1205,7 +1205,7 @@ ALT_MMU_FTR_SECTION_END_IFCLR(MMU_FTR_TY
EXC_REAL_BEGIN(instruction_access, 0x400, 0x80) - INT_HANDLER instruction_access, 0x400, kvm=1 + INT_HANDLER instruction_access, 0x400, ool=1, kvm=1 EXC_REAL_END(instruction_access, 0x400, 0x80) EXC_VIRT_BEGIN(instruction_access, 0x4400, 0x80) INT_HANDLER instruction_access, 0x400, virt=1 @@ -1225,7 +1225,7 @@ ALT_MMU_FTR_SECTION_END_IFCLR(MMU_FTR_TY
EXC_REAL_BEGIN(instruction_access_slb, 0x480, 0x80) - INT_HANDLER instruction_access_slb, 0x480, area=PACA_EXSLB, kvm=1 + INT_HANDLER instruction_access_slb, 0x480, ool=1, area=PACA_EXSLB, kvm=1 EXC_REAL_END(instruction_access_slb, 0x480, 0x80) EXC_VIRT_BEGIN(instruction_access_slb, 0x4480, 0x80) INT_HANDLER instruction_access_slb, 0x480, virt=1, area=PACA_EXSLB @@ -1365,17 +1365,17 @@ EXC_REAL_BEGIN(decrementer, 0x900, 0x80) INT_HANDLER decrementer, 0x900, ool=1, bitmask=IRQS_DISABLED, kvm=1 EXC_REAL_END(decrementer, 0x900, 0x80) EXC_VIRT_BEGIN(decrementer, 0x4900, 0x80) - INT_HANDLER decrementer, 0x900, virt=1, bitmask=IRQS_DISABLED + INT_HANDLER decrementer, 0x900, ool=1, virt=1, bitmask=IRQS_DISABLED EXC_VIRT_END(decrementer, 0x4900, 0x80) INT_KVM_HANDLER decrementer, 0x900, EXC_STD, PACA_EXGEN, 0 EXC_COMMON_ASYNC(decrementer_common, 0x900, timer_interrupt)
EXC_REAL_BEGIN(hdecrementer, 0x980, 0x80) - INT_HANDLER hdecrementer, 0x980, hsrr=EXC_HV, kvm=1 + INT_HANDLER hdecrementer, 0x980, ool=1, hsrr=EXC_HV, kvm=1 EXC_REAL_END(hdecrementer, 0x980, 0x80) EXC_VIRT_BEGIN(hdecrementer, 0x4980, 0x80) - INT_HANDLER hdecrementer, 0x980, virt=1, hsrr=EXC_HV, kvm=1 + INT_HANDLER hdecrementer, 0x980, ool=1, virt=1, hsrr=EXC_HV, kvm=1 EXC_VIRT_END(hdecrementer, 0x4980, 0x80) INT_KVM_HANDLER hdecrementer, 0x980, EXC_HV, PACA_EXGEN, 0 EXC_COMMON(hdecrementer_common, 0x980, hdec_interrupt) @@ -2046,6 +2046,43 @@ TRAMP_REAL_BEGIN(stf_barrier_fallback) .endr blr
+TRAMP_REAL_BEGIN(entry_flush_fallback) + std r9,PACA_EXRFI+EX_R9(r13) + std r10,PACA_EXRFI+EX_R10(r13) + std r11,PACA_EXRFI+EX_R11(r13) + mfctr r9 + ld r10,PACA_RFI_FLUSH_FALLBACK_AREA(r13) + ld r11,PACA_L1D_FLUSH_SIZE(r13) + srdi r11,r11,(7 + 3) /* 128 byte lines, unrolled 8x */ + mtctr r11 + DCBT_BOOK3S_STOP_ALL_STREAM_IDS(r11) /* Stop prefetch streams */ + + /* order ld/st prior to dcbt stop all streams with flushing */ + sync + + /* + * The load addresses are at staggered offsets within cachelines, + * which suits some pipelines better (on others it should not + * hurt). + */ +1: + ld r11,(0x80 + 8)*0(r10) + ld r11,(0x80 + 8)*1(r10) + ld r11,(0x80 + 8)*2(r10) + ld r11,(0x80 + 8)*3(r10) + ld r11,(0x80 + 8)*4(r10) + ld r11,(0x80 + 8)*5(r10) + ld r11,(0x80 + 8)*6(r10) + ld r11,(0x80 + 8)*7(r10) + addi r10,r10,0x80*8 + bdnz 1b + + mtctr r9 + ld r9,PACA_EXRFI+EX_R9(r13) + ld r10,PACA_EXRFI+EX_R10(r13) + ld r11,PACA_EXRFI+EX_R11(r13) + blr + TRAMP_REAL_BEGIN(rfi_flush_fallback) SET_SCRATCH0(r13); GET_PACA(r13); --- a/arch/powerpc/kernel/setup_64.c +++ b/arch/powerpc/kernel/setup_64.c @@ -859,7 +859,9 @@ early_initcall(disable_hardlockup_detect static enum l1d_flush_type enabled_flush_types; static void *l1d_flush_fallback_area; static bool no_rfi_flush; +static bool no_entry_flush; bool rfi_flush; +bool entry_flush;
static int __init handle_no_rfi_flush(char *p) { @@ -869,6 +871,14 @@ static int __init handle_no_rfi_flush(ch } early_param("no_rfi_flush", handle_no_rfi_flush);
+static int __init handle_no_entry_flush(char *p) +{ + pr_info("entry-flush: disabled on command line."); + no_entry_flush = true; + return 0; +} +early_param("no_entry_flush", handle_no_entry_flush); + /* * The RFI flush is not KPTI, but because users will see doco that says to use * nopti we hijack that option here to also disable the RFI flush. @@ -900,6 +910,18 @@ void rfi_flush_enable(bool enable) rfi_flush = enable; }
+void entry_flush_enable(bool enable) +{ + if (enable) { + do_entry_flush_fixups(enabled_flush_types); + on_each_cpu(do_nothing, NULL, 1); + } else { + do_entry_flush_fixups(L1D_FLUSH_NONE); + } + + entry_flush = enable; +} + static void __ref init_fallback_flush(void) { u64 l1d_size, limit; @@ -958,10 +980,19 @@ void setup_rfi_flush(enum l1d_flush_type
enabled_flush_types = types;
- if (!no_rfi_flush && !cpu_mitigations_off()) + if (!cpu_mitigations_off() && !no_rfi_flush) rfi_flush_enable(enable); }
+void setup_entry_flush(bool enable) +{ + if (cpu_mitigations_off()) + return; + + if (!no_entry_flush) + entry_flush_enable(enable); +} + #ifdef CONFIG_DEBUG_FS static int rfi_flush_set(void *data, u64 val) { @@ -989,9 +1020,36 @@ static int rfi_flush_get(void *data, u64
DEFINE_SIMPLE_ATTRIBUTE(fops_rfi_flush, rfi_flush_get, rfi_flush_set, "%llu\n");
+static int entry_flush_set(void *data, u64 val) +{ + bool enable; + + if (val == 1) + enable = true; + else if (val == 0) + enable = false; + else + return -EINVAL; + + /* Only do anything if we're changing state */ + if (enable != entry_flush) + entry_flush_enable(enable); + + return 0; +} + +static int entry_flush_get(void *data, u64 *val) +{ + *val = entry_flush ? 1 : 0; + return 0; +} + +DEFINE_SIMPLE_ATTRIBUTE(fops_entry_flush, entry_flush_get, entry_flush_set, "%llu\n"); + static __init int rfi_flush_debugfs_init(void) { debugfs_create_file("rfi_flush", 0600, powerpc_debugfs_root, NULL, &fops_rfi_flush); + debugfs_create_file("entry_flush", 0600, powerpc_debugfs_root, NULL, &fops_entry_flush); return 0; } device_initcall(rfi_flush_debugfs_init); --- a/arch/powerpc/kernel/vmlinux.lds.S +++ b/arch/powerpc/kernel/vmlinux.lds.S @@ -144,6 +144,13 @@ SECTIONS }
. = ALIGN(8); + __entry_flush_fixup : AT(ADDR(__entry_flush_fixup) - LOAD_OFFSET) { + __start___entry_flush_fixup = .; + *(__entry_flush_fixup) + __stop___entry_flush_fixup = .; + } + + . = ALIGN(8); __stf_exit_barrier_fixup : AT(ADDR(__stf_exit_barrier_fixup) - LOAD_OFFSET) { __start___stf_exit_barrier_fixup = .; *(__stf_exit_barrier_fixup) --- a/arch/powerpc/lib/feature-fixups.c +++ b/arch/powerpc/lib/feature-fixups.c @@ -228,6 +228,60 @@ void do_stf_barrier_fixups(enum stf_barr do_stf_exit_barrier_fixups(types); }
+void do_entry_flush_fixups(enum l1d_flush_type types) +{ + unsigned int instrs[3], *dest; + long *start, *end; + int i; + + start = PTRRELOC(&__start___entry_flush_fixup); + end = PTRRELOC(&__stop___entry_flush_fixup); + + instrs[0] = 0x60000000; /* nop */ + instrs[1] = 0x60000000; /* nop */ + instrs[2] = 0x60000000; /* nop */ + + i = 0; + if (types == L1D_FLUSH_FALLBACK) { + instrs[i++] = 0x7d4802a6; /* mflr r10 */ + instrs[i++] = 0x60000000; /* branch patched below */ + instrs[i++] = 0x7d4803a6; /* mtlr r10 */ + } + + if (types & L1D_FLUSH_ORI) { + instrs[i++] = 0x63ff0000; /* ori 31,31,0 speculation barrier */ + instrs[i++] = 0x63de0000; /* ori 30,30,0 L1d flush*/ + } + + if (types & L1D_FLUSH_MTTRIG) + instrs[i++] = 0x7c12dba6; /* mtspr TRIG2,r0 (SPR #882) */ + + for (i = 0; start < end; start++, i++) { + dest = (void *)start + *start; + + pr_devel("patching dest %lx\n", (unsigned long)dest); + + patch_instruction(dest, instrs[0]); + + if (types == L1D_FLUSH_FALLBACK) + patch_branch((dest + 1), (unsigned long)&entry_flush_fallback, + BRANCH_SET_LINK); + else + patch_instruction((dest + 1), instrs[1]); + + patch_instruction((dest + 2), instrs[2]); + } + + printk(KERN_DEBUG "entry-flush: patched %d locations (%s flush)\n", i, + (types == L1D_FLUSH_NONE) ? "no" : + (types == L1D_FLUSH_FALLBACK) ? "fallback displacement" : + (types & L1D_FLUSH_ORI) ? (types & L1D_FLUSH_MTTRIG) + ? "ori+mttrig type" + : "ori type" : + (types & L1D_FLUSH_MTTRIG) ? "mttrig type" + : "unknown"); +} + void do_rfi_flush_fixups(enum l1d_flush_type types) { unsigned int instrs[3], *dest; --- a/arch/powerpc/platforms/powernv/setup.c +++ b/arch/powerpc/platforms/powernv/setup.c @@ -122,12 +122,23 @@ static void pnv_setup_rfi_flush(void) type = L1D_FLUSH_ORI; }
+ /* + * If we are non-Power9 bare metal, we don't need to flush on kernel + * entry: it fixes a P9 specific vulnerability. + */ + if (!pvr_version_is(PVR_POWER9)) + security_ftr_clear(SEC_FTR_L1D_FLUSH_ENTRY); + enable = security_ftr_enabled(SEC_FTR_FAVOUR_SECURITY) && \ (security_ftr_enabled(SEC_FTR_L1D_FLUSH_PR) || \ security_ftr_enabled(SEC_FTR_L1D_FLUSH_HV));
setup_rfi_flush(type, enable); setup_count_cache_flush(); + + enable = security_ftr_enabled(SEC_FTR_FAVOUR_SECURITY) && + security_ftr_enabled(SEC_FTR_L1D_FLUSH_ENTRY); + setup_entry_flush(enable); }
static void __init pnv_setup_arch(void) --- a/arch/powerpc/platforms/pseries/setup.c +++ b/arch/powerpc/platforms/pseries/setup.c @@ -561,6 +561,10 @@ void pseries_setup_rfi_flush(void)
setup_rfi_flush(types, enable); setup_count_cache_flush(); + + enable = security_ftr_enabled(SEC_FTR_FAVOUR_SECURITY) && + security_ftr_enabled(SEC_FTR_L1D_FLUSH_ENTRY); + setup_entry_flush(enable); }
#ifdef CONFIG_PCI_IOV