From: Linus Torvalds <torvalds(a)linux-foundation.org>
From: Linus Torvalds <torvalds(a)linux-foundation.org>
commit 17839856fd588f4ab6b789f482ed3ffd7c403e1f upstream.
Doing a "get_user_pages()" on a copy-on-write page for reading can be
ambiguous: the page can be COW'ed at any time afterwards, and the
direction of a COW event isn't defined.
Yes, whoever writes to it will generally do the COW, but if the thread
that did the get_user_pages() unmapped the page before the write (and
that could happen due to memory pressure in addition to any outright
action), the writer could also just take over the old page instead.
End result: the get_user_pages() call might result in a page pointer
that is no longer associated with the original VM, and is associated
with - and controlled by - another VM having taken it over instead.
So when doing a get_user_pages() on a COW mapping, the only really safe
thing to do would be to break the COW when getting the page, even when
only getting it for reading.
At the same time, some users simply don't even care.
For example, the perf code wants to look up the page not because it
cares about the page, but because the code simply wants to look up the
physical address of the access for informational purposes, and doesn't
really care about races when a page might be unmapped and remapped
elsewhere.
This adds logic to force a COW event by setting FOLL_WRITE on any
copy-on-write mapping when FOLL_GET (or FOLL_PIN) is used to get a page
pointer as a result.
The current semantics end up being:
- __get_user_pages_fast(): no change. If you don't ask for a write,
you won't break COW. You'd better know what you're doing.
- get_user_pages_fast(): the fast-case "look it up in the page tables
without anything getting mmap_sem" now refuses to follow a read-only
page, since it might need COW breaking. Which happens in the slow
path - the fast path doesn't know if the memory might be COW or not.
- get_user_pages() (including the slow-path fallback for gup_fast()):
for a COW mapping, turn on FOLL_WRITE for FOLL_GET/FOLL_PIN, with
very similar semantics to FOLL_FORCE.
If it turns out that we want finer granularity (ie "only break COW when
it might actually matter" - things like the zero page are special and
don't need to be broken) we might need to push these semantics deeper
into the lookup fault path. So if people care enough, it's possible
that we might end up adding a new internal FOLL_BREAK_COW flag to go
with the internal FOLL_COW flag we already have for tracking "I had a
COW".
Alternatively, if it turns out that different callers might want to
explicitly control the forced COW break behavior, we might even want to
make such a flag visible to the users of get_user_pages() instead of
using the above default semantics.
But for now, this is mostly commentary on the issue (this commit message
being a lot bigger than the patch, and that patch in turn is almost all
comments), with that minimal "enable COW breaking early" logic using the
existing FOLL_WRITE behavior.
[ It might be worth noting that we've always had this ambiguity, and it
could arguably be seen as a user-space issue.
You only get private COW mappings that could break either way in
situations where user space is doing cooperative things (ie fork()
before an execve() etc), but it _is_ surprising and very subtle, and
fork() is supposed to give you independent address spaces.
So let's treat this as a kernel issue and make the semantics of
get_user_pages() easier to understand. Note that obviously a true
shared mapping will still get a page that can change under us, so this
does _not_ mean that get_user_pages() somehow returns any "stable"
page ]
[surenb: backport notes
Since gup_pgd_range does not exist, made appropriate changes on
the the gup_huge_pgd, gup_huge_pd and gup_pud_range calls instead.
Replaced (gup_flags | FOLL_WRITE) with write=1 in gup_huge_pgd,
gup_huge_pd and gup_pud_range.
Removed FOLL_PIN usage in should_force_cow_break since it's missing in
the earlier kernels.]
Reported-by: Jann Horn <jannh(a)google.com>
Tested-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch(a)lst.de>
Acked-by: Oleg Nesterov <oleg(a)redhat.com>
Acked-by: Kirill Shutemov <kirill(a)shutemov.name>
Acked-by: Jan Kara <jack(a)suse.cz>
Cc: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange(a)redhat.com>
Cc: Matthew Wilcox <willy(a)infradead.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds(a)linux-foundation.org>
[surenb: backport to 4.9 kernel]
Cc: stable(a)vger.kernel.org # 4.9.x
Signed-off-by: Suren Baghdasaryan <surenb(a)google.com>
---
mm/gup.c | 48 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++--------
mm/huge_memory.c | 7 +++----
2 files changed, 43 insertions(+), 12 deletions(-)
diff --git a/mm/gup.c b/mm/gup.c
index 6bb7a8eb7f82..301dd96ef176 100644
--- a/mm/gup.c
+++ b/mm/gup.c
@@ -61,13 +61,22 @@ static int follow_pfn_pte(struct vm_area_struct *vma, unsigned long address,
}
/*
- * FOLL_FORCE can write to even unwritable pte's, but only
- * after we've gone through a COW cycle and they are dirty.
+ * FOLL_FORCE or a forced COW break can write even to unwritable pte's,
+ * but only after we've gone through a COW cycle and they are dirty.
*/
static inline bool can_follow_write_pte(pte_t pte, unsigned int flags)
{
- return pte_write(pte) ||
- ((flags & FOLL_FORCE) && (flags & FOLL_COW) && pte_dirty(pte));
+ return pte_write(pte) || ((flags & FOLL_COW) && pte_dirty(pte));
+}
+
+/*
+ * A (separate) COW fault might break the page the other way and
+ * get_user_pages() would return the page from what is now the wrong
+ * VM. So we need to force a COW break at GUP time even for reads.
+ */
+static inline bool should_force_cow_break(struct vm_area_struct *vma, unsigned int flags)
+{
+ return is_cow_mapping(vma->vm_flags) && (flags & FOLL_GET);
}
static struct page *follow_page_pte(struct vm_area_struct *vma,
@@ -577,12 +586,18 @@ static long __get_user_pages(struct task_struct *tsk, struct mm_struct *mm,
if (!vma || check_vma_flags(vma, gup_flags))
return i ? : -EFAULT;
if (is_vm_hugetlb_page(vma)) {
+ if (should_force_cow_break(vma, foll_flags))
+ foll_flags |= FOLL_WRITE;
i = follow_hugetlb_page(mm, vma, pages, vmas,
&start, &nr_pages, i,
- gup_flags);
+ foll_flags);
continue;
}
}
+
+ if (should_force_cow_break(vma, foll_flags))
+ foll_flags |= FOLL_WRITE;
+
retry:
/*
* If we have a pending SIGKILL, don't keep faulting pages and
@@ -1503,6 +1518,10 @@ static int gup_pud_range(pgd_t pgd, unsigned long addr, unsigned long end,
/*
* Like get_user_pages_fast() except it's IRQ-safe in that it won't fall back to
* the regular GUP. It will only return non-negative values.
+ *
+ * Careful, careful! COW breaking can go either way, so a non-write
+ * access can get ambiguous page results. If you call this function without
+ * 'write' set, you'd better be sure that you're ok with that ambiguity.
*/
int __get_user_pages_fast(unsigned long start, int nr_pages, int write,
struct page **pages)
@@ -1532,6 +1551,12 @@ int __get_user_pages_fast(unsigned long start, int nr_pages, int write,
*
* We do not adopt an rcu_read_lock(.) here as we also want to
* block IPIs that come from THPs splitting.
+ *
+ * NOTE! We allow read-only gup_fast() here, but you'd better be
+ * careful about possible COW pages. You'll get _a_ COW page, but
+ * not necessarily the one you intended to get depending on what
+ * COW event happens after this. COW may break the page copy in a
+ * random direction.
*/
local_irq_save(flags);
@@ -1542,15 +1567,22 @@ int __get_user_pages_fast(unsigned long start, int nr_pages, int write,
next = pgd_addr_end(addr, end);
if (pgd_none(pgd))
break;
+ /*
+ * The FAST_GUP case requires FOLL_WRITE even for pure reads,
+ * because get_user_pages() may need to cause an early COW in
+ * order to avoid confusing the normal COW routines. So only
+ * targets that are already writable are safe to do by just
+ * looking at the page tables.
+ */
if (unlikely(pgd_huge(pgd))) {
- if (!gup_huge_pgd(pgd, pgdp, addr, next, write,
+ if (!gup_huge_pgd(pgd, pgdp, addr, next, 1,
pages, &nr))
break;
} else if (unlikely(is_hugepd(__hugepd(pgd_val(pgd))))) {
if (!gup_huge_pd(__hugepd(pgd_val(pgd)), addr,
- PGDIR_SHIFT, next, write, pages, &nr))
+ PGDIR_SHIFT, next, 1, pages, &nr))
break;
- } else if (!gup_pud_range(pgd, addr, next, write, pages, &nr))
+ } else if (!gup_pud_range(pgd, addr, next, 1, pages, &nr))
break;
} while (pgdp++, addr = next, addr != end);
local_irq_restore(flags);
diff --git a/mm/huge_memory.c b/mm/huge_memory.c
index 14cd0ef33b62..c5424483c066 100644
--- a/mm/huge_memory.c
+++ b/mm/huge_memory.c
@@ -1135,13 +1135,12 @@ int do_huge_pmd_wp_page(struct fault_env *fe, pmd_t orig_pmd)
}
/*
- * FOLL_FORCE can write to even unwritable pmd's, but only
- * after we've gone through a COW cycle and they are dirty.
+ * FOLL_FORCE or a forced COW break can write even to unwritable pmd's,
+ * but only after we've gone through a COW cycle and they are dirty.
*/
static inline bool can_follow_write_pmd(pmd_t pmd, unsigned int flags)
{
- return pmd_write(pmd) ||
- ((flags & FOLL_FORCE) && (flags & FOLL_COW) && pmd_dirty(pmd));
+ return pmd_write(pmd) || ((flags & FOLL_COW) && pmd_dirty(pmd));
}
struct page *follow_trans_huge_pmd(struct vm_area_struct *vma,
--
2.33.0.882.g93a45727a2-goog
Hello,
We ran automated tests on a recent commit from this kernel tree:
Kernel repo: https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux-stable-rc.git
Commit: 65f4a648f185 - dsa: tag_dsa: Fix mask for trunked packets
The results of these automated tests are provided below.
Overall result: PASSED
Merge: OK
Compile: OK
Tests: OK
Targeted tests: NO
All kernel binaries, config files, and logs are available for download here:
https://arr-cki-prod-datawarehouse-public.s3.amazonaws.com/index.html?prefi…
Please reply to this email if you have any questions about the tests that we
ran or if you have any suggestions on how to make future tests more effective.
,-. ,-.
( C ) ( K ) Continuous
`-',-.`-' Kernel
( I ) Integration
`-'
______________________________________________________________________________
Compile testing
---------------
We compiled the kernel for 4 architectures:
aarch64:
make options: make -j24 INSTALL_MOD_STRIP=1 targz-pkg
ppc64le:
make options: make -j24 INSTALL_MOD_STRIP=1 targz-pkg
s390x:
make options: make -j24 INSTALL_MOD_STRIP=1 targz-pkg
x86_64:
make options: make -j24 INSTALL_MOD_STRIP=1 targz-pkg
Hardware testing
----------------
We booted each kernel and ran the following tests:
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Host 6:
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⚡⚡⚡ IPMI driver test
⚡⚡⚡ IPMItool loop stress test
⚡⚡⚡ selinux-policy: serge-testsuite
⚡⚡⚡ Storage blktests - blk
⚡⚡⚡ Storage block - filesystem fio test
⚡⚡⚡ Storage block - queue scheduler test
⚡⚡⚡ storage: software RAID testing
⚡⚡⚡ Storage: swraid mdadm raid_module test
🚧 ⚡⚡⚡ Podman system test - as root
🚧 ⚡⚡⚡ Podman system test - as user
🚧 ⚡⚡⚡ xfstests - btrfs
🚧 ⚡⚡⚡ Storage blktests - nvme-tcp
🚧 ⚡⚡⚡ stress: stress-ng - interrupt
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🚧 ⚡⚡⚡ stress: stress-ng - cpu-cache
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Host 7:
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⚡⚡⚡ Boot test
⚡⚡⚡ Reboot test
⚡⚡⚡ LTP - cve
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⚡⚡⚡ LTP - syscalls
⚡⚡⚡ LTP - can
⚡⚡⚡ LTP - commands
⚡⚡⚡ LTP - containers
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⚡⚡⚡ LTP - fs
⚡⚡⚡ LTP - fsx
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⚡⚡⚡ LTP - mm
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⚡⚡⚡ Memory: fork_mem
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⚡⚡⚡ Networking bridge: sanity
⚡⚡⚡ Ethernet drivers sanity
⚡⚡⚡ Networking socket: fuzz
⚡⚡⚡ Networking route: pmtu
⚡⚡⚡ Networking route_func - local
⚡⚡⚡ Networking route_func - forward
⚡⚡⚡ Networking TCP: keepalive test
⚡⚡⚡ Networking UDP: socket
⚡⚡⚡ Networking cki netfilter test
⚡⚡⚡ Networking tunnel: geneve basic test
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⚡⚡⚡ L2TP basic test
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⚡⚡⚡ Libkcapi AF_ALG test
⚡⚡⚡ pciutils: update pci ids test
⚡⚡⚡ ALSA PCM loopback test
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⚡⚡⚡ IPMI driver test
⚡⚡⚡ IPMItool loop stress test
⚡⚡⚡ selinux-policy: serge-testsuite
⚡⚡⚡ Storage blktests - blk
⚡⚡⚡ Storage block - filesystem fio test
⚡⚡⚡ Storage block - queue scheduler test
⚡⚡⚡ storage: software RAID testing
⚡⚡⚡ Storage: swraid mdadm raid_module test
🚧 ⚡⚡⚡ Podman system test - as root
🚧 ⚡⚡⚡ Podman system test - as user
🚧 ⚡⚡⚡ xfstests - btrfs
🚧 ⚡⚡⚡ Storage blktests - nvme-tcp
🚧 ⚡⚡⚡ Storage: lvm device-mapper test - upstream
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This is not the fault of the kernel that was tested.
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🚧 ⚡⚡⚡ Storage blktests - nvmeof-mp
s390x:
Host 1:
✅ Boot test
✅ Reboot test
🚧 ✅ Storage blktests - srp
Host 2:
✅ Boot test
✅ Reboot test
🚧 ✅ Storage blktests - nvmeof-mp
Host 3:
✅ Boot test
✅ Reboot test
✅ LTP - cve
✅ LTP - sched
✅ LTP - syscalls
✅ LTP - can
✅ LTP - commands
✅ LTP - containers
✅ LTP - dio
✅ LTP - fs
✅ LTP - fsx
✅ LTP - math
✅ LTP - hugetlb
✅ LTP - mm
✅ LTP - nptl
✅ LTP - pty
✅ LTP - ipc
✅ LTP - tracing
✅ LTP: openposix test suite
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✅ Networking route_func - local
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✅ Networking TCP: keepalive test
✅ Networking UDP: socket
✅ Networking cki netfilter test
✅ Networking tunnel: geneve basic test
✅ Networking tunnel: gre basic
✅ L2TP basic test
✅ Networking tunnel: vxlan basic
✅ Networking ipsec: basic netns - transport
✅ Networking ipsec: basic netns - tunnel
✅ Libkcapi AF_ALG test
✅ storage: dm/common
✅ lvm snapper test
✅ trace: ftrace/tracer
🚧 ❌ xarray-idr-radixtree-test
🚧 ✅ Memory function: kaslr
🚧 ✅ audit: audit testsuite test
🚧 ✅ lvm cache test
Host 4:
⚡ Internal infrastructure issues prevented one or more tests (marked
with ⚡⚡⚡) from running on this architecture.
This is not the fault of the kernel that was tested.
✅ Boot test
✅ Reboot test
✅ selinux-policy: serge-testsuite
✅ Storage blktests - blk
✅ Storage: swraid mdadm raid_module test
🚧 ❌ Podman system test - as root
🚧 ❌ Podman system test - as user
🚧 ✅ Storage blktests - nvme-tcp
🚧 ✅ stress: stress-ng - interrupt
🚧 ✅ stress: stress-ng - cpu
🚧 ✅ stress: stress-ng - cpu-cache
🚧 ✅ stress: stress-ng - memory
🚧 ⚡⚡⚡ stress: stress-ng - os
x86_64:
Host 1:
⚡ Internal infrastructure issues prevented one or more tests (marked
with ⚡⚡⚡) from running on this architecture.
This is not the fault of the kernel that was tested.
⚡⚡⚡ Boot test
⚡⚡⚡ Reboot test
⚡⚡⚡ xfstests - ext4
⚡⚡⚡ xfstests - xfs
⚡⚡⚡ xfstests - nfsv4.2
⚡⚡⚡ xfstests - cifsv3.11
⚡⚡⚡ IPMI driver test
⚡⚡⚡ IPMItool loop stress test
⚡⚡⚡ selinux-policy: serge-testsuite
⚡⚡⚡ power-management: cpupower/sanity test
⚡⚡⚡ Storage blktests - blk
⚡⚡⚡ Storage block - filesystem fio test
⚡⚡⚡ Storage block - queue scheduler test
⚡⚡⚡ storage: software RAID testing
⚡⚡⚡ Storage: swraid mdadm raid_module test
🚧 ⚡⚡⚡ Podman system test - as root
🚧 ⚡⚡⚡ Podman system test - as user
🚧 ⚡⚡⚡ CPU: Idle Test
🚧 ⚡⚡⚡ xfstests - btrfs
🚧 ⚡⚡⚡ Storage blktests - nvme-tcp
🚧 ⚡⚡⚡ Storage: lvm device-mapper test - upstream
🚧 ⚡⚡⚡ stress: stress-ng - interrupt
🚧 ⚡⚡⚡ stress: stress-ng - cpu
🚧 ⚡⚡⚡ stress: stress-ng - cpu-cache
🚧 ⚡⚡⚡ stress: stress-ng - memory
🚧 ⚡⚡⚡ stress: stress-ng - os
Host 2:
✅ Boot test
✅ Reboot test
🚧 ✅ Storage blktests - nvmeof-mp
Host 3:
⚡ Internal infrastructure issues prevented one or more tests (marked
with ⚡⚡⚡) from running on this architecture.
This is not the fault of the kernel that was tested.
✅ Boot test
✅ Reboot test
✅ ACPI table test
✅ LTP - cve
✅ LTP - sched
✅ LTP - syscalls
✅ LTP - can
✅ LTP - commands
✅ LTP - containers
✅ LTP - dio
✅ LTP - fs
✅ LTP - fsx
✅ LTP - math
✅ LTP - hugetlb
✅ LTP - mm
✅ LTP - nptl
✅ LTP - pty
✅ LTP - ipc
✅ LTP - tracing
✅ LTP: openposix test suite
✅ CIFS Connectathon
✅ POSIX pjd-fstest suites
⚡⚡⚡ NFS Connectathon
⚡⚡⚡ Loopdev Sanity
⚡⚡⚡ jvm - jcstress tests
⚡⚡⚡ Memory: fork_mem
⚡⚡⚡ Memory function: memfd_create
⚡⚡⚡ AMTU (Abstract Machine Test Utility)
⚡⚡⚡ Networking bridge: sanity
⚡⚡⚡ Ethernet drivers sanity
⚡⚡⚡ Networking socket: fuzz
⚡⚡⚡ Networking route: pmtu
⚡⚡⚡ Networking route_func - local
⚡⚡⚡ Networking route_func - forward
⚡⚡⚡ Networking TCP: keepalive test
⚡⚡⚡ Networking UDP: socket
⚡⚡⚡ Networking cki netfilter test
⚡⚡⚡ Networking tunnel: geneve basic test
⚡⚡⚡ Networking tunnel: gre basic
⚡⚡⚡ L2TP basic test
⚡⚡⚡ Networking tunnel: vxlan basic
⚡⚡⚡ Networking ipsec: basic netns - transport
⚡⚡⚡ Networking ipsec: basic netns - tunnel
⚡⚡⚡ Libkcapi AF_ALG test
⚡⚡⚡ pciutils: sanity smoke test
⚡⚡⚡ pciutils: update pci ids test
⚡⚡⚡ ALSA PCM loopback test
⚡⚡⚡ ALSA Control (mixer) Userspace Element test
⚡⚡⚡ storage: dm/common
⚡⚡⚡ lvm snapper test
⚡⚡⚡ storage: SCSI VPD
⚡⚡⚡ trace: ftrace/tracer
🚧 ⚡⚡⚡ xarray-idr-radixtree-test
🚧 ⚡⚡⚡ i2c: i2cdetect sanity
🚧 ⚡⚡⚡ Firmware test suite
🚧 ⚡⚡⚡ Memory function: kaslr
🚧 ⚡⚡⚡ Networking: igmp conformance test
🚧 ⚡⚡⚡ audit: audit testsuite test
🚧 ⚡⚡⚡ lvm cache test
Host 4:
⚡ Internal infrastructure issues prevented one or more tests (marked
with ⚡⚡⚡) from running on this architecture.
This is not the fault of the kernel that was tested.
⚡⚡⚡ Boot test
⚡⚡⚡ Reboot test
🚧 ⚡⚡⚡ Storage blktests - srp
Host 5:
⚡ Internal infrastructure issues prevented one or more tests (marked
with ⚡⚡⚡) from running on this architecture.
This is not the fault of the kernel that was tested.
⚡⚡⚡ Boot test
⚡⚡⚡ Reboot test
🚧 ⚡⚡⚡ Storage blktests - srp
Host 6:
✅ Boot test
✅ Reboot test
🚧 ✅ Storage blktests - srp
Test sources: https://gitlab.com/cki-project/kernel-tests
💚 Pull requests are welcome for new tests or improvements to existing tests!
Aborted tests
-------------
Tests that didn't complete running successfully are marked with ⚡⚡⚡.
If this was caused by an infrastructure issue, we try to mark that
explicitly in the report.
Waived tests
------------
If the test run included waived tests, they are marked with 🚧. Such tests are
executed but their results are not taken into account. Tests are waived when
their results are not reliable enough, e.g. when they're just introduced or are
being fixed.
Testing timeout
---------------
We aim to provide a report within reasonable timeframe. Tests that haven't
finished running yet are marked with ⏱.
Targeted tests
--------------
Test runs for patches always include a set of base tests, plus some
tests chosen based on the file paths modified by the patch. The latter
are called "targeted tests". If no targeted tests are run, that means
no patch-specific tests are available. Please, consider contributing a
targeted test for related patches to increase test coverage. See
https://docs.engineering.redhat.com/x/_wEZB for more details.