Hi Greg, Sasha,
Please consider the attached backport of
f91072ed1b72 ("perf/core: Fix race in the perf_mmap_close() function")
for v4.4.y and v4.9.y.
I have sent separate backport for v4.14.y, v4.19.y and v5.4.y.
--
Regards
Sudip
This is a note to let you know that I've just added the patch titled
usb: cdc-acm: Add DISABLE_ECHO for Renesas USB Download mode
to my usb git tree which can be found at
git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/gregkh/usb.git
in the usb-linus branch.
The patch will show up in the next release of the linux-next tree
(usually sometime within the next 24 hours during the week.)
The patch will hopefully also be merged in Linus's tree for the
next -rc kernel release.
If you have any questions about this process, please let me know.
>From 6d853c9e4104b4fc8d55dc9cd3b99712aa347174 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Chris Brandt <chris.brandt(a)renesas.com>
Date: Wed, 11 Nov 2020 08:12:09 -0500
Subject: usb: cdc-acm: Add DISABLE_ECHO for Renesas USB Download mode
Renesas R-Car and RZ/G SoCs have a firmware download mode over USB.
However, on reset a banner string is transmitted out which is not expected
to be echoed back and will corrupt the protocol.
Cc: stable <stable(a)vger.kernel.org>
Acked-by: Oliver Neukum <oneukum(a)suse.com>
Signed-off-by: Chris Brandt <chris.brandt(a)renesas.com>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20201111131209.3977903-1-chris.brandt@renesas.com
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh(a)linuxfoundation.org>
---
drivers/usb/class/cdc-acm.c | 9 +++++++++
1 file changed, 9 insertions(+)
diff --git a/drivers/usb/class/cdc-acm.c b/drivers/usb/class/cdc-acm.c
index 1e7568867910..f52f1bc0559f 100644
--- a/drivers/usb/class/cdc-acm.c
+++ b/drivers/usb/class/cdc-acm.c
@@ -1693,6 +1693,15 @@ static const struct usb_device_id acm_ids[] = {
{ USB_DEVICE(0x0870, 0x0001), /* Metricom GS Modem */
.driver_info = NO_UNION_NORMAL, /* has no union descriptor */
},
+ { USB_DEVICE(0x045b, 0x023c), /* Renesas USB Download mode */
+ .driver_info = DISABLE_ECHO, /* Don't echo banner */
+ },
+ { USB_DEVICE(0x045b, 0x0248), /* Renesas USB Download mode */
+ .driver_info = DISABLE_ECHO, /* Don't echo banner */
+ },
+ { USB_DEVICE(0x045b, 0x024D), /* Renesas USB Download mode */
+ .driver_info = DISABLE_ECHO, /* Don't echo banner */
+ },
{ USB_DEVICE(0x0e8d, 0x0003), /* FIREFLY, MediaTek Inc; andrey.arapov(a)gmail.com */
.driver_info = NO_UNION_NORMAL, /* has no union descriptor */
},
--
2.29.2
This is a note to let you know that I've just added the patch titled
xhci: hisilicon: fix refercence leak in xhci_histb_probe
to my usb git tree which can be found at
git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/gregkh/usb.git
in the usb-linus branch.
The patch will show up in the next release of the linux-next tree
(usually sometime within the next 24 hours during the week.)
The patch will hopefully also be merged in Linus's tree for the
next -rc kernel release.
If you have any questions about this process, please let me know.
>From 76255470ffa2795a44032e8b3c1ced11d81aa2db Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Zhang Qilong <zhangqilong3(a)huawei.com>
Date: Fri, 6 Nov 2020 20:22:21 +0800
Subject: xhci: hisilicon: fix refercence leak in xhci_histb_probe
pm_runtime_get_sync() will increment pm usage at first and it
will resume the device later. We should decrease the usage count
whetever it succeeded or failed(maybe runtime of the device has
error, or device is in inaccessible state, or other error state).
If we do not call put operation to decrease the reference, it will
result in reference leak in xhci_histb_probe. Moreover, this
device cannot enter the idle state and always stay busy or other
non-idle state later. So we fixed it by jumping to error handling
branch.
Fixes: c508f41da0788 ("xhci: hisilicon: support HiSilicon STB xHCI host controller")
Signed-off-by: Zhang Qilong <zhangqilong3(a)huawei.com>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20201106122221.2304528-1-zhangqilong3@huawei.com
Cc: stable <stable(a)vger.kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh(a)linuxfoundation.org>
---
drivers/usb/host/xhci-histb.c | 2 +-
1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)
diff --git a/drivers/usb/host/xhci-histb.c b/drivers/usb/host/xhci-histb.c
index 5546e7e013a8..08369857686e 100644
--- a/drivers/usb/host/xhci-histb.c
+++ b/drivers/usb/host/xhci-histb.c
@@ -240,7 +240,7 @@ static int xhci_histb_probe(struct platform_device *pdev)
/* Initialize dma_mask and coherent_dma_mask to 32-bits */
ret = dma_set_mask_and_coherent(dev, DMA_BIT_MASK(32));
if (ret)
- return ret;
+ goto disable_pm;
hcd = usb_create_hcd(driver, dev, dev_name(dev));
if (!hcd) {
--
2.29.2
This is a note to let you know that I've just added the patch titled
Revert "usb: musb: convert to devm_platform_ioremap_resource_byname"
to my usb git tree which can be found at
git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/gregkh/usb.git
in the usb-linus branch.
The patch will show up in the next release of the linux-next tree
(usually sometime within the next 24 hours during the week.)
The patch will hopefully also be merged in Linus's tree for the
next -rc kernel release.
If you have any questions about this process, please let me know.
>From ffa13d2d94029882eca22a565551783787f121e5 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Geert Uytterhoeven <geert+renesas(a)glider.be>
Date: Thu, 12 Nov 2020 14:59:00 +0100
Subject: Revert "usb: musb: convert to devm_platform_ioremap_resource_byname"
This reverts commit 2d30e408a2a6b3443d3232593e3d472584a3e9f8.
On Beaglebone Black, where each interface has 2 children:
musb-dsps 47401c00.usb: can't request region for resource [mem 0x47401800-0x474019ff]
musb-hdrc musb-hdrc.1: musb_init_controller failed with status -16
musb-hdrc: probe of musb-hdrc.1 failed with error -16
musb-dsps 47401400.usb: can't request region for resource [mem 0x47401000-0x474011ff]
musb-hdrc musb-hdrc.0: musb_init_controller failed with status -16
musb-hdrc: probe of musb-hdrc.0 failed with error -16
Before, devm_ioremap_resource() was called on "dev" ("musb-hdrc.0" or
"musb-hdrc.1"), after it is called on "&pdev->dev" ("47401400.usb" or
"47401c00.usb"), leading to a duplicate region request, which fails.
Signed-off-by: Geert Uytterhoeven <geert+renesas(a)glider.be>
Fixes: 2d30e408a2a6 ("usb: musb: convert to devm_platform_ioremap_resource_byname")
Cc: stable <stable(a)vger.kernel.org>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20201112135900.3822599-1-geert+renesas@glider.be
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh(a)linuxfoundation.org>
---
drivers/usb/musb/musb_dsps.c | 4 +++-
1 file changed, 3 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)
diff --git a/drivers/usb/musb/musb_dsps.c b/drivers/usb/musb/musb_dsps.c
index 30085b2be7b9..5892f3ce0cdc 100644
--- a/drivers/usb/musb/musb_dsps.c
+++ b/drivers/usb/musb/musb_dsps.c
@@ -429,10 +429,12 @@ static int dsps_musb_init(struct musb *musb)
struct platform_device *parent = to_platform_device(dev->parent);
const struct dsps_musb_wrapper *wrp = glue->wrp;
void __iomem *reg_base;
+ struct resource *r;
u32 rev, val;
int ret;
- reg_base = devm_platform_ioremap_resource_byname(parent, "control");
+ r = platform_get_resource_byname(parent, IORESOURCE_MEM, "control");
+ reg_base = devm_ioremap_resource(dev, r);
if (IS_ERR(reg_base))
return PTR_ERR(reg_base);
musb->ctrl_base = reg_base;
--
2.29.2
Hello,
We ran automated tests on a recent commit from this kernel tree:
Kernel repo: https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux-stable-rc.git
Commit: 058b3316514f - KVM: arm64: ARM_SMCCC_ARCH_WORKAROUND_1 doesn't return SMCCC_RET_NOT_REQUIRED
The results of these automated tests are provided below.
Overall result: PASSED
Merge: OK
Compile: OK
Tests: OK
All kernel binaries, config files, and logs are available for download here:
https://arr-cki-prod-datawarehouse-public.s3.amazonaws.com/index.html?prefi…
Please reply to this email if you have any questions about the tests that we
ran or if you have any suggestions on how to make future tests more effective.
,-. ,-.
( C ) ( K ) Continuous
`-',-.`-' Kernel
( I ) Integration
`-'
______________________________________________________________________________
Compile testing
---------------
We compiled the kernel for 4 architectures:
aarch64:
make options: make -j30 INSTALL_MOD_STRIP=1 targz-pkg
ppc64le:
make options: make -j30 INSTALL_MOD_STRIP=1 targz-pkg
s390x:
make options: make -j30 INSTALL_MOD_STRIP=1 targz-pkg
x86_64:
make options: make -j30 INSTALL_MOD_STRIP=1 targz-pkg
Hardware testing
----------------
We booted each kernel and ran the following tests:
aarch64:
Host 1:
⚡ Internal infrastructure issues prevented one or more tests (marked
with ⚡⚡⚡) from running on this architecture.
This is not the fault of the kernel that was tested.
⚡⚡⚡ Boot test
⚡⚡⚡ selinux-policy: serge-testsuite
⚡⚡⚡ storage: software RAID testing
⚡⚡⚡ stress: stress-ng
🚧 ⚡⚡⚡ Podman system integration test - as root
🚧 ⚡⚡⚡ Podman system integration test - as user
🚧 ⚡⚡⚡ xfstests - ext4
🚧 ⚡⚡⚡ xfstests - xfs
🚧 ⚡⚡⚡ xfstests - btrfs
🚧 ⚡⚡⚡ IPMI driver test
🚧 ⚡⚡⚡ IPMItool loop stress test
🚧 ⚡⚡⚡ Storage blktests
🚧 ⚡⚡⚡ Storage block - filesystem fio test
🚧 ⚡⚡⚡ Storage block - queue scheduler test
🚧 ⚡⚡⚡ Storage nvme - tcp
Host 2:
✅ Boot test
✅ ACPI table test
✅ ACPI enabled test
✅ LTP
✅ Loopdev Sanity
✅ Memory: fork_mem
✅ Memory function: memfd_create
✅ AMTU (Abstract Machine Test Utility)
✅ Networking bridge: sanity
✅ Networking socket: fuzz
✅ Networking: igmp conformance test
✅ Networking route: pmtu
✅ Networking route_func - local
✅ Networking route_func - forward
✅ Networking TCP: keepalive test
✅ Networking UDP: socket
✅ Networking tunnel: geneve basic test
✅ Networking tunnel: gre basic
✅ L2TP basic test
✅ Networking tunnel: vxlan basic
✅ Networking ipsec: basic netns - transport
✅ Networking ipsec: basic netns - tunnel
✅ Libkcapi AF_ALG test
✅ pciutils: update pci ids test
✅ ALSA PCM loopback test
✅ ALSA Control (mixer) Userspace Element test
✅ storage: SCSI VPD
🚧 ✅ CIFS Connectathon
🚧 ✅ POSIX pjd-fstest suites
🚧 ✅ Firmware test suite
🚧 ✅ jvm - jcstress tests
🚧 ✅ Memory function: kaslr
🚧 ✅ Ethernet drivers sanity
🚧 ✅ Networking firewall: basic netfilter test
🚧 ✅ audit: audit testsuite test
🚧 ✅ trace: ftrace/tracer
🚧 ✅ kdump - kexec_boot
Host 3:
⚡ Internal infrastructure issues prevented one or more tests (marked
with ⚡⚡⚡) from running on this architecture.
This is not the fault of the kernel that was tested.
✅ Boot test
🚧 ⚡⚡⚡ kdump - sysrq-c
Host 4:
⚡ Internal infrastructure issues prevented one or more tests (marked
with ⚡⚡⚡) from running on this architecture.
This is not the fault of the kernel that was tested.
✅ Boot test
✅ selinux-policy: serge-testsuite
✅ storage: software RAID testing
✅ stress: stress-ng
🚧 ✅ Podman system integration test - as root
🚧 ✅ Podman system integration test - as user
🚧 ✅ xfstests - ext4
🚧 ✅ xfstests - xfs
🚧 ✅ xfstests - btrfs
🚧 ✅ IPMI driver test
🚧 ✅ IPMItool loop stress test
🚧 ✅ Storage blktests
🚧 ✅ Storage block - filesystem fio test
🚧 ⚡⚡⚡ Storage block - queue scheduler test
🚧 ⚡⚡⚡ Storage nvme - tcp
ppc64le:
Host 1:
✅ Boot test
✅ LTP
✅ Loopdev Sanity
✅ Memory: fork_mem
✅ Memory function: memfd_create
✅ AMTU (Abstract Machine Test Utility)
✅ Networking bridge: sanity
✅ Networking socket: fuzz
✅ Networking route: pmtu
✅ Networking route_func - local
✅ Networking route_func - forward
✅ Networking TCP: keepalive test
✅ Networking UDP: socket
✅ Networking tunnel: geneve basic test
✅ Networking tunnel: gre basic
✅ L2TP basic test
✅ Networking tunnel: vxlan basic
✅ Networking ipsec: basic netns - tunnel
✅ Libkcapi AF_ALG test
✅ pciutils: update pci ids test
✅ ALSA PCM loopback test
✅ ALSA Control (mixer) Userspace Element test
🚧 ✅ CIFS Connectathon
🚧 ✅ POSIX pjd-fstest suites
🚧 ✅ jvm - jcstress tests
🚧 ✅ Memory function: kaslr
🚧 ✅ Ethernet drivers sanity
🚧 ✅ Networking firewall: basic netfilter test
🚧 ✅ audit: audit testsuite test
🚧 ✅ trace: ftrace/tracer
Host 2:
⚡ Internal infrastructure issues prevented one or more tests (marked
with ⚡⚡⚡) from running on this architecture.
This is not the fault of the kernel that was tested.
⚡⚡⚡ Boot test
⚡⚡⚡ selinux-policy: serge-testsuite
⚡⚡⚡ storage: software RAID testing
🚧 ⚡⚡⚡ Podman system integration test - as root
🚧 ⚡⚡⚡ Podman system integration test - as user
🚧 ⚡⚡⚡ xfstests - ext4
🚧 ⚡⚡⚡ xfstests - xfs
🚧 ⚡⚡⚡ xfstests - btrfs
🚧 ⚡⚡⚡ IPMI driver test
🚧 ⚡⚡⚡ IPMItool loop stress test
🚧 ⚡⚡⚡ Storage blktests
🚧 ⚡⚡⚡ Storage block - filesystem fio test
🚧 ⚡⚡⚡ Storage block - queue scheduler test
🚧 ⚡⚡⚡ Storage nvme - tcp
Host 3:
⚡ Internal infrastructure issues prevented one or more tests (marked
with ⚡⚡⚡) from running on this architecture.
This is not the fault of the kernel that was tested.
✅ Boot test
🚧 ⚡⚡⚡ kdump - sysrq-c
Host 4:
⚡ Internal infrastructure issues prevented one or more tests (marked
with ⚡⚡⚡) from running on this architecture.
This is not the fault of the kernel that was tested.
⚡⚡⚡ Boot test
⚡⚡⚡ selinux-policy: serge-testsuite
⚡⚡⚡ storage: software RAID testing
🚧 ⚡⚡⚡ Podman system integration test - as root
🚧 ⚡⚡⚡ Podman system integration test - as user
🚧 ⚡⚡⚡ xfstests - ext4
🚧 ⚡⚡⚡ xfstests - xfs
🚧 ⚡⚡⚡ xfstests - btrfs
🚧 ⚡⚡⚡ IPMI driver test
🚧 ⚡⚡⚡ IPMItool loop stress test
🚧 ⚡⚡⚡ Storage blktests
🚧 ⚡⚡⚡ Storage block - filesystem fio test
🚧 ⚡⚡⚡ Storage block - queue scheduler test
🚧 ⚡⚡⚡ Storage nvme - tcp
Host 5:
✅ Boot test
✅ selinux-policy: serge-testsuite
✅ storage: software RAID testing
🚧 ✅ Podman system integration test - as root
🚧 ✅ Podman system integration test - as user
🚧 ✅ xfstests - ext4
🚧 ✅ xfstests - xfs
🚧 ✅ xfstests - btrfs
🚧 ✅ IPMI driver test
🚧 ✅ IPMItool loop stress test
🚧 ✅ Storage blktests
🚧 ✅ Storage block - filesystem fio test
🚧 ✅ Storage block - queue scheduler test
🚧 ✅ Storage nvme - tcp
s390x:
Host 1:
⚡ Internal infrastructure issues prevented one or more tests (marked
with ⚡⚡⚡) from running on this architecture.
This is not the fault of the kernel that was tested.
✅ Boot test
🚧 ⚡⚡⚡ kdump - sysrq-c
Host 2:
✅ Boot test
✅ selinux-policy: serge-testsuite
✅ stress: stress-ng
🚧 ✅ Podman system integration test - as root
🚧 ✅ Podman system integration test - as user
🚧 ✅ Storage blktests
🚧 💥 Storage nvme - tcp
Host 3:
✅ Boot test
✅ LTP
✅ Loopdev Sanity
✅ Memory: fork_mem
✅ Memory function: memfd_create
✅ AMTU (Abstract Machine Test Utility)
✅ Networking bridge: sanity
✅ Networking route: pmtu
✅ Networking route_func - local
✅ Networking route_func - forward
✅ Networking TCP: keepalive test
✅ Networking UDP: socket
✅ Networking tunnel: geneve basic test
✅ Networking tunnel: gre basic
✅ L2TP basic test
✅ Networking tunnel: vxlan basic
✅ Networking ipsec: basic netns - transport
✅ Networking ipsec: basic netns - tunnel
✅ Libkcapi AF_ALG test
🚧 ✅ CIFS Connectathon
🚧 ✅ POSIX pjd-fstest suites
🚧 ✅ jvm - jcstress tests
🚧 ✅ Memory function: kaslr
🚧 ✅ Ethernet drivers sanity
🚧 ✅ Networking firewall: basic netfilter test
🚧 ✅ audit: audit testsuite test
🚧 ✅ trace: ftrace/tracer
x86_64:
Host 1:
⚡ Internal infrastructure issues prevented one or more tests (marked
with ⚡⚡⚡) from running on this architecture.
This is not the fault of the kernel that was tested.
⚡⚡⚡ Boot test
⚡⚡⚡ selinux-policy: serge-testsuite
⚡⚡⚡ storage: software RAID testing
⚡⚡⚡ stress: stress-ng
🚧 ⚡⚡⚡ Podman system integration test - as root
🚧 ⚡⚡⚡ Podman system integration test - as user
🚧 ⚡⚡⚡ CPU: Frequency Driver Test
🚧 ⚡⚡⚡ CPU: Idle Test
🚧 ⚡⚡⚡ xfstests - ext4
🚧 ⚡⚡⚡ xfstests - xfs
🚧 ⚡⚡⚡ xfstests - btrfs
🚧 ⚡⚡⚡ IPMI driver test
🚧 ⚡⚡⚡ IPMItool loop stress test
🚧 ⚡⚡⚡ power-management: cpupower/sanity test
🚧 ⚡⚡⚡ Storage blktests
🚧 ⚡⚡⚡ Storage block - filesystem fio test
🚧 ⚡⚡⚡ Storage block - queue scheduler test
🚧 ⚡⚡⚡ Storage nvme - tcp
Host 2:
✅ Boot test
✅ ACPI table test
✅ LTP
✅ Loopdev Sanity
✅ Memory: fork_mem
✅ Memory function: memfd_create
✅ AMTU (Abstract Machine Test Utility)
✅ Networking bridge: sanity
✅ Networking socket: fuzz
✅ Networking: igmp conformance test
✅ Networking route: pmtu
✅ Networking route_func - local
✅ Networking route_func - forward
✅ Networking TCP: keepalive test
✅ Networking UDP: socket
✅ Networking tunnel: geneve basic test
✅ Networking tunnel: gre basic
✅ L2TP basic test
✅ Networking tunnel: vxlan basic
✅ Networking ipsec: basic netns - transport
✅ Networking ipsec: basic netns - tunnel
✅ Libkcapi AF_ALG test
✅ pciutils: sanity smoke test
✅ pciutils: update pci ids test
✅ ALSA PCM loopback test
✅ ALSA Control (mixer) Userspace Element test
✅ storage: SCSI VPD
🚧 ✅ CIFS Connectathon
🚧 ✅ POSIX pjd-fstest suites
🚧 ✅ Firmware test suite
🚧 ✅ jvm - jcstress tests
🚧 ✅ Memory function: kaslr
🚧 ✅ Ethernet drivers sanity
🚧 ✅ Networking firewall: basic netfilter test
🚧 ✅ audit: audit testsuite test
🚧 ✅ trace: ftrace/tracer
🚧 ✅ kdump - kexec_boot
Host 3:
✅ Boot test
🚧 ✅ kdump - sysrq-c
🚧 ✅ kdump - file-load
Host 4:
⚡ Internal infrastructure issues prevented one or more tests (marked
with ⚡⚡⚡) from running on this architecture.
This is not the fault of the kernel that was tested.
✅ Boot test
✅ selinux-policy: serge-testsuite
✅ storage: software RAID testing
✅ stress: stress-ng
🚧 ✅ Podman system integration test - as root
🚧 ✅ Podman system integration test - as user
🚧 ❌ CPU: Frequency Driver Test
🚧 ✅ CPU: Idle Test
🚧 ✅ xfstests - ext4
🚧 ✅ xfstests - xfs
🚧 ✅ xfstests - btrfs
🚧 ✅ IPMI driver test
🚧 ✅ IPMItool loop stress test
🚧 ✅ Storage blktests
🚧 ✅ Storage block - filesystem fio test
🚧 ⚡⚡⚡ Storage block - queue scheduler test
🚧 ⚡⚡⚡ Storage nvme - tcp
Test sources: https://gitlab.com/cki-project/kernel-tests
💚 Pull requests are welcome for new tests or improvements to existing tests!
Aborted tests
-------------
Tests that didn't complete running successfully are marked with ⚡⚡⚡.
If this was caused by an infrastructure issue, we try to mark that
explicitly in the report.
Waived tests
------------
If the test run included waived tests, they are marked with 🚧. Such tests are
executed but their results are not taken into account. Tests are waived when
their results are not reliable enough, e.g. when they're just introduced or are
being fixed.
Testing timeout
---------------
We aim to provide a report within reasonable timeframe. Tests that haven't
finished running yet are marked with ⏱.
When processing request to add/replace user-defined element set, check
of given element identifier and decision of numeric identifier is done
in "__snd_ctl_add_replace()" helper function. When the result of check
is wrong, the helper function returns error code. The error code shall
be returned to userspace application.
Current implementation includes bug to return zero to userspace application
regardless of the result. This commit fixes the bug.
Cc: <stable(a)vger.kernel.org>
Fixes: e1a7bfe38079 ("ALSA: control: Fix race between adding and removing a user element")
Signed-off-by: Takashi Sakamoto <o-takashi(a)sakamocchi.jp>
---
sound/core/control.c | 2 +-
1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)
diff --git a/sound/core/control.c b/sound/core/control.c
index 421ddc7..f341fc4 100644
--- a/sound/core/control.c
+++ b/sound/core/control.c
@@ -1539,7 +1539,7 @@ static int snd_ctl_elem_add(struct snd_ctl_file *file,
unlock:
up_write(&card->controls_rwsem);
- return 0;
+ return err;
}
static int snd_ctl_elem_add_user(struct snd_ctl_file *file,
--
2.25.1
Hello stable(a)vger.kernel.org
We are Base Investment Company offering Corporate and Personal Loan at 3% Interest Rate for a duration of 10Years.
We also pay 1% commission to brokers, who introduce project owners for finance or other opportunities.
Please get back to me if you are interested for more
details.
Yours faithfully,
Hashim Murrah