I am thrilled to share my positive experience with CHAINTRACE ASSET RECOVERY, a reputable firm that specializes in recovering lost or scammed cryptocurrencies. Unfortunately, I fell victim to a sophisticated scam, which resulted in the loss of my bitcoin. I had sent the funds to a scammer's wallet address, thinking I was making a legitimate transaction. However, it soon became apparent that I had been deceived.
Devastated and feeling helpless, I began to research possible solutions to recover my stolen bitcoin. That's when I came across CHAINTRACE ASSET RECOVERY. I was skeptical at first, but after reading numerous testimonials and reviews from satisfied clients, I decided to reach out to them for assistance.
The team at CHAINTRACE ASSET RECOVERY was professional, responsive, and empathetic. They guided me through the recovery process, which was surprisingly efficient and straightforward. Their expertise and knowledge of blockchain technology and cryptocurrency transactions were impressive, and I was confident that I was in good hands.
Thanks to CHAINTRACE ASSET RECOVERY, I was able to recover a significant portion of my lost bitcoin. I am extremely grateful for their help and would highly recommend their services to anyone who has fallen victim to cryptocurrency scams. If you have lost your crypto to scammers, I urge you to contact CHAINTRACE ASSET RECOVERY. Their dedication to helping individuals recover their stolen assets is truly commendable, and I am thankful to have found them.
In conclusion, my experience with CHAINTRACE ASSET RECOVERY has been nothing short of exceptional. Their professionalism, expertise, and commitment to recovering lost cryptocurrencies have made a significant difference in my life. If you are a victim of cryptocurrency scams, do not lose hope. Reach out to CHAINTRACE ASSET RECOVERY, and let their team of experts help you recover your stolen assets.
WHATSAPP : +1 (581) 256‑1989
EMAIL: chaintraceasset(a)post.com
WEBSITE: https://chaintraceassetrecovery.com
Introduce a new accel driver for the Neutron Neural Processing Unit
(NPU), along with associated dt-bindings and DTS node.
The first patch extends the GEM DMA helper APIs to allow bidirectional
mapping of non-coherent DMA buffers. While not part of the Neutron
driver, it's a prerequisite allowing us to use the GEM DMA helper.
Neutron is a Neural Processing Unit from NXP, providing machine
learning (ML) acceleration for edge AI applications. Neutron is
integrated on NXP SoCs such as the i.MX95.
The NPU consists of the following:
- RISC-V core running a proprietary firmware
- One or more Neutron cores, representing the main computation
engine performing ML operations
- Dedicated fast memory (TCM)
- DMA engine that handles data transfers between DDR and TCM
The firmware is closed source and distributed as a binary here [1].
The Neutron software stack also contains a userspace library [1] and
a LiteRT custom delegate [2] that allow integration with standard
LiteRT tools.
[1] https://github.com/nxp-upstream/neutron/tree/upstream
[2] https://github.com/nxp-imx/tflite-neutron-delegate
Signed-off-by: Ioana Ciocoi-Radulescu <ruxandra.radulescu(a)nxp.com>
---
Ioana Ciocoi-Radulescu (9):
drm/gem-dma: Add flag for bidirectional mapping of non-coherent GEM DMA buffers
accel/neutron: Add documentation for NXP Neutron accelerator driver
dt-bindings: npu: Add bindings for NXP Neutron
accel/neutron: Add driver for NXP Neutron NPU
accel/neutron: Add GEM buffer object support
accel/neutron: Add mailbox support
accel/neutron: Add job submission IOCTL
accel/neutron: Add logging support
arm64: dts: imx95: Add Neutron node
Documentation/accel/index.rst | 1 +
Documentation/accel/neutron/index.rst | 12 +
Documentation/accel/neutron/neutron.rst | 131 ++++++++
.../devicetree/bindings/npu/nxp,imx95-neutron.yaml | 95 ++++++
MAINTAINERS | 10 +
arch/arm64/boot/dts/freescale/imx95.dtsi | 28 ++
drivers/accel/Kconfig | 1 +
drivers/accel/Makefile | 3 +-
drivers/accel/neutron/Kconfig | 16 +
drivers/accel/neutron/Makefile | 12 +
drivers/accel/neutron/neutron_debugfs.c | 34 ++
drivers/accel/neutron/neutron_debugfs.h | 15 +
drivers/accel/neutron/neutron_device.c | 239 ++++++++++++++
drivers/accel/neutron/neutron_device.h | 158 +++++++++
drivers/accel/neutron/neutron_driver.c | 262 +++++++++++++++
drivers/accel/neutron/neutron_driver.h | 16 +
drivers/accel/neutron/neutron_gem.c | 115 +++++++
drivers/accel/neutron/neutron_gem.h | 14 +
drivers/accel/neutron/neutron_job.c | 367 +++++++++++++++++++++
drivers/accel/neutron/neutron_job.h | 45 +++
drivers/accel/neutron/neutron_mailbox.c | 47 +++
drivers/accel/neutron/neutron_mailbox.h | 42 +++
drivers/gpu/drm/drm_gem_dma_helper.c | 6 +-
include/drm/drm_gem_dma_helper.h | 3 +
include/uapi/drm/neutron_accel.h | 130 ++++++++
25 files changed, 1799 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)
---
base-commit: 6de23f81a5e08be8fbf5e8d7e9febc72a5b5f27f
change-id: 20260226-neutron-c435e39d167f
Best regards,
--
Ioana Ciocoi-Radulescu <ruxandra.radulescu(a)nxp.com>
Hi,
The recent introduction of heaps in the optee driver [1] made possible
the creation of heaps as modules.
It's generally a good idea if possible, including for the already
existing system and CMA heaps.
The system one is pretty trivial, the CMA one is a bit more involved,
especially since we have a call from kernel/dma/contiguous.c to the CMA
heap code. This was solved by turning the logic around and making the
CMA heap call into the contiguous DMA code.
Let me know what you think,
Maxime
1: https://lore.kernel.org/dri-devel/20250911135007.1275833-4-jens.wiklander@l…
Signed-off-by: Maxime Ripard <mripard(a)kernel.org>
---
Changes in v2:
- Collect tags
- Don't export dma_contiguous_default_area anymore, but export
dev_get_cma_area instead
- Mentioned that heap modules can't be removed
- Link to v1: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20260225-dma-buf-heaps-as-modules-v1-0-2109225a09…
---
Maxime Ripard (9):
dma: contiguous: Turn heap registration logic around
dma: contiguous: Make dev_get_cma_area() a proper function
dma: contiguous: Make dma_contiguous_default_area static
mm: cma: Export dev_get_cma_area()
mm: cma: Export cma_alloc and cma_release
mm: cma: Export cma_get_name
dma-buf: heaps: Export mem_accounting parameter
dma-buf: heaps: cma: Turn the heap into a module
dma-buf: heaps: system: Turn the heap into a module
drivers/dma-buf/dma-heap.c | 1 +
drivers/dma-buf/heaps/Kconfig | 4 ++--
drivers/dma-buf/heaps/cma_heap.c | 21 +++++----------------
drivers/dma-buf/heaps/system_heap.c | 5 +++++
include/linux/dma-map-ops.h | 14 ++++++--------
kernel/dma/contiguous.c | 37 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++---
mm/cma.c | 3 +++
7 files changed, 56 insertions(+), 29 deletions(-)
---
base-commit: 499a718536dc0e1c1d1b6211847207d58acd9916
change-id: 20260225-dma-buf-heaps-as-modules-1034b3ec9f2a
Best regards,
--
Maxime Ripard <mripard(a)kernel.org>
After losing $350,000 in a fraudulent cryptocurrency scheme, I felt completely defeated. Instead of acting out of panic, I forced myself to slow down and investigate carefully. Through research and conversations with other victims then I came across a Google post It was only after spending many hours researching and asking other victims for advice that I discovered vaulttraces.com. I decided to contact them because of their successful recovery record and encouraging client testimonials. I had no idea that this would be the pivotal moment in my fight against cryptocurrency theft. Thanks to their expert team, I was able to recover my lost cryptocurrency back.The process was intricate, but vaulttraces.com commitment to utilizing the latest technology ensured a successful outcome. I highly recommend their services to anyone who has fallen victim to cryptocurrency fraud. For assistance REACH OUT TO THEM ON their Website;: https://vaulttraces.com/contact.html . Mail-Box: info(a)vaulttraces.com . Or WhatsApp: +1 (570) 291-8211
After losing $350,000 in a fraudulent cryptocurrency scheme, I felt completely defeated. Instead of acting out of panic, I forced myself to slow down and investigate carefully. Through research and conversations with other victims then I came across a Google post It was only after spending many hours researching and asking other victims for advice that I discovered vaulttraces.com. I decided to contact them because of their successful recovery record and encouraging client testimonials. I had no idea that this would be the pivotal moment in my fight against cryptocurrency theft. Thanks to their expert team, I was able to recover my lost cryptocurrency back.The process was intricate, but vaulttraces.com commitment to utilizing the latest technology ensured a successful outcome. I highly recommend their services to anyone who has fallen victim to cryptocurrency fraud. For assistance REACH OUT TO THEM ON their Website;: https://vaulttraces.com/contact.html . Mail-Box: info(a)vaulttraces.com . Or WhatsApp: +1 (570) 291-8211
I was recently scammed out of $400,000 through what appeared to be a legitimate Bitcoin investment opportunity. At the same time, I was dealing with serious health challenges and upcoming medical expenses, which made the situation even more devastating. I felt overwhelmed and desperate for answers. I spent countless hours researching, speaking with other victims, and trying to understand what options were truly legitimate. That experience taught me how important it is to verify every opportunity and to report fraud immediately through proper legal channels. I came across a Google post It was only after spending many hours researching and asking other victims for advice that I discovered vaulttraces.com. I decided to contact them because of their successful recovery record and encouraging client testimonials. I had no idea that this would be the pivotal moment in my fight against cryptocurrency theft. Thanks to their expert team, I was able to recover my lost cryptocurrency back.The process was intricate, but vaulttraces.com commitment to utilizing the latest technology ensured a successful outcome. I highly recommend their services to anyone who has fallen victim to cryptocurrency fraud. For assistance REACH OUT TO THEM ON their Website;: https://vaulttraces.com/contact.html . Mail-Box: info(a)vaulttraces.com . Or WhatsApp: +1 (570) 291-8211
I want to sincerely thank Almighty Recovery Coin professionals for their incredible skill; they are truly outstanding individuals and I wish I had gotten in touch with them sooner rather than reaching out to other cybercriminals for help. If you read this comment, you will definitely be able to recover your stolen or restricted cryptocurrency investment. I am posting it for people who have been affected by cryptocurrency mining, trading, Investments and financial scams.
Email:
almightyrecoverycoin(@) mail . (com)
Website:
almightyrecoveryco.wixsite.com/almighty-recovery-co
WhatsApp:
+53 5 (155) 6969
Hi all,
There were various suggestions in the September 2025 thread "[TECH
TOPIC] vfio, iommufd: Enabling user space drivers to vend more
granular access to client processes" [0], and LPC discussions, around
improving the situation for multi-process userspace driver designs.
This RFC series implements some of these ideas.
Background: Multi-process USDs
==============================
The userspace driver scenario discussed in that thread involves a
primary process driving a PCIe function through VFIO/iommufd, which
manages the function-wide ownership/lifecycle. The function is
designed to provide multiple distinct programming interfaces (for
example, several independent MMIO register frames in one function),
and the primary process delegates control of these interfaces to
multiple independent client processes (which do the actual work).
This scenario clearly relies on a HW design that provides appropriate
isolation between the programming interfaces.
The two key needs are:
1. Mechanisms to safely delegate a subset of the device MMIO
resources to a client process without over-sharing wider access
(or influence over whole-device activities, such as reset).
2. Mechanisms to allow a client process to do its own iommufd
management w.r.t. its address space, in a way that's isolated
from DMA relating to other clients.
mmap() of VFIO DMABUFs
======================
First, this RFC addresses #1, implementing the proposals in [0] to add
mmap() support to the existing VFIO DMABUF exporter.
This enables a userspace driver to define DMABUF ranges corresponding
to sub-ranges of a BAR, and grant a given client (via a shared fd)
the capability to access (only) those sub-ranges. The VFIO device fds
would be kept private to the primary process. All the client can do
with that fd is map (or iomap via iommufd) that specific subset of
resources, and the impact of bugs/malice is contained.
(We'll follow up on #2 separately, as a related-but-distinct problem.
PASIDs are one way to achieve per-client isolation of DMA; another
could be sharing of a single IOVA space via 'constrained' iommufds.)
Revocation/reclaim
==================
That's useful as-is, but then the lifetime of access granted to a
client needs to be managed well. For example, a protocol between the
primary process and the client can indicate when the client is done,
and when it's safe to reuse the resources elsewhere.
Resources could be released cooperatively, but it's much more robust
to enable the driver to make the resources guaranteed-inaccessible
when it chooses, so that it can re-assign them to other uses in
future.
So, second, I've suggested a PoC/example mechanism for reclaiming
ranges shared with clients: a new DMABUF ioctl, DMA_BUF_IOCTL_REVOKE,
is routed to a DMABUF exporter callback. The VFIO DMABUF exporter's
implementation permanently revokes a DMABUF (notifying importers, and
zapping PTEs for any mappings). This makes the DMABUF defunct and any
client (or third party the client has shared the buffer onto!) cannot
be used to access the BAR ranges, whether via DMABUF import or mmap().
A primary driver process would do this operation when the client's
tenure ends to reclaim "loaned-out" MMIO interfaces, at which point
the interfaces could be safely re-used.
This ioctl is one of several possible approaches to achieve buffer
revocation, but I wanted to demonstrate something here as it's an
important part of the buffer lifecycle in this driver scenario. An
alternative implementation could be some VFIO-specific operation to
search for a DMABUF (by address?) and kill it, but if the server keeps
hold of the DMABUF fd that's already a clean way to locate it later.
BAR mapping access attributes
=============================
Third, inspired by Alex [Mastro] and Jason's comments in [0], and
Mahmoud's work in [1] with the goal of controlling CPU access
attributes for VFIO BAR mappings (e.g. WC) I noticed that once we can
mmap() VFIO DMABUFs representing BAR sub-spans, it's straightforward
to decorate them with access attributes for the VMA.
I've proposed reserving a field in struct
vfio_device_feature_dma_buf's flags to specify an attribute for its
ranges. Although that keeps the (UAPI) struct unchanged, it means all
ranges in a DMABUF share the same attribute. I feel a single
attribute-to-mmap() relation is logical/reasonable. An application
can also create multiple DMABUFs to describe any BAR layout and mix of
attributes.
Tests
=====
I've included an [RFC ONLY] userspace test program which I am _not_
proposing to merge, but am sharing for context. It illustrates &
tests various map/revoke cases, but doesn't use the existing VFIO
selftests and relies on a (tweaked) QEMU EDU function. I'm working on
integrating the scenarios into the existing VFIO selftests.
This code has been tested in mapping DMABUFs of single/multiple
ranges, aliasing mmap()s, aliasing ranges across DMABUFs, vm_pgoff >
0, revocation, shutdown/cleanup scenarios, and hugepage mappings seem
to work correctly. I've lightly tested WC mappings also (by observing
resulting PTEs as having the correct attributes...).
(The first two commits are a couple of tiny bugfixes which I can send
separately, should reviewers prefer.)
This series is based on v6.19 but I expect to rebase, at least onto
Leon's recent work [2] ("vfio: Wait for dma-buf invalidation to
complete").
What are people's thoughts? I'll respin to de-RFC and capture
comments, if we think this approach is appropriate.
Thanks,
Matt
References:
[0]: https://lore.kernel.org/linux-iommu/20250918214425.2677057-1-amastro@fb.com/
[1]: https://lore.kernel.org/all/20250804104012.87915-1-mngyadam@amazon.de/
[2]: https://lore.kernel.org/linux-iommu/20260205-nocturnal-poetic-chamois-f566a…
Matt Evans (7):
vfio/pci: Ensure VFIO barmap is set up before creating a DMABUF
vfio/pci: Clean up DMABUFs before disabling function
vfio/pci: Support mmap() of a DMABUF
dma-buf: uapi: Mechanism to revoke DMABUFs via ioctl()
vfio/pci: Permanently revoke a DMABUF on request
vfio/pci: Add mmap() attributes to DMABUF feature
[RFC ONLY] selftests: vfio: Add standalone vfio_dmabuf_mmap_test
drivers/dma-buf/dma-buf.c | 5 +
drivers/vfio/pci/vfio_pci_core.c | 4 +-
drivers/vfio/pci/vfio_pci_dmabuf.c | 300 ++++++-
include/linux/dma-buf.h | 22 +
include/uapi/linux/dma-buf.h | 1 +
include/uapi/linux/vfio.h | 12 +-
tools/testing/selftests/vfio/Makefile | 1 +
.../vfio/standalone/vfio_dmabuf_mmap_test.c | 822 ++++++++++++++++++
8 files changed, 1153 insertions(+), 14 deletions(-)
create mode 100644 tools/testing/selftests/vfio/standalone/vfio_dmabuf_mmap_test.c
--
2.47.3