Flashbench-results

flashbench-results@lists.linaro.org

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746 discussions

Re: [Flashbench] flashbench of OlexM1 w/SanDisk 32GB CF-kort

by Arnd Bergmann

On Wednesday 13 April 2011, Joacim Thomassen wrote: > Hi Arnd, > > I tried to deliver the test result to the list but got this error: > > Delivery to the following recipient failed permanently: > > flashbench-erase(a)lists.linaro.org > > Technical details of permanent failure: > Google tried to deliver your message, but it was rejected by the recipient domain. We recommend contacting the other email provider for further information about the cause of this error. The error that the other server returned was: 550 550 unknown user (state 14). > Where did you get that address? The correct email is flashbench-results(a)lists.linaro.org, if I wrote that incorrectly somewhere, I should definitely correct it. > Anyway, here are the results for the SanDisk Compact Flash card: Thank you very much! > ubuntu@ubuntu:~$ cat /proc/partitions > major minor #blocks name > > 7 0 687976 loop0 > 8 0 31250432 sda > 8 1 31250416 sda1 > > ubuntu@ubuntu:~$ sudo hdparm -i /dev/sda > > /dev/sda: > > Model=SanDisk, FwRev=HDX, SerialNo=CBZ011811204505 > Config={ HardSect NotMFM Removeable DTR>10Mbs nonMagnetic } > RawCHS=62004/16/63, TrkSize=0, SectSize=576, ECCbytes=4 > BuffType=DualPort, BuffSize=1kB, MaxMultSect=1, MultSect=1 > CurCHS=62004/16/63, CurSects=62500032, LBA=yes, LBAsects=62500864 > IORDY=no, tPIO={min:120,w/IORDY:120}, tDMA={min:120,rec:120} > PIO modes: pio0 pio1 pio2 pio3 pio4 > DMA modes: mdma0 mdma1 mdma2 > UDMA modes: udma0 udma1 udma2 udma3 udma4 *udma5 > AdvancedPM=yes: disabled (255) WriteCache=enabled > Drive conforms to: Unspecified: ATA/ATAPI-4 > > * signifies the current active mode > > ubuntu@ubuntu:~$ sudo flashbench -a -b 1024 /dev/sda > align 8589934592 pre 717µs on 997µs post 765µs diff 256µs > align 4294967296 pre 729µs on 978µs post 751µs diff 238µs > align 2147483648 pre 712µs on 1ms post 761µs diff 266µs > align 1073741824 pre 760µs on 997µs post 750µs diff 242µs > align 536870912 pre 752µs on 1.02ms post 793µs diff 252µs > align 268435456 pre 759µs on 1.04ms post 788µs diff 265µs > align 134217728 pre 802µs on 1.04ms post 797µs diff 240µs > align 67108864 pre 844µs on 1.08ms post 839µs diff 242µs > align 33554432 pre 729µs on 1.01ms post 791µs diff 246µs > align 16777216 pre 705µs on 987µs post 795µs diff 237µs > align 8388608 pre 716µs on 954µs post 765µs diff 213µs > align 4194304 pre 717µs on 988µs post 797µs diff 231µs > align 2097152 pre 718µs on 991µs post 799µs diff 232µs > align 1048576 pre 717µs on 986µs post 796µs diff 230µs > align 524288 pre 717µs on 987µs post 797µs diff 230µs > align 262144 pre 707µs on 990µs post 798µs diff 237µs > align 131072 pre 678µs on 985µs post 790µs diff 251µs > align 65536 pre 678µs on 957µs post 763µs diff 236µs > align 32768 pre 680µs on 957µs post 761µs diff 237µs > align 16384 pre 763µs on 904µs post 650µs diff 198µs > align 8192 pre 762µs on 801µs post 764µs diff 37.6µs > align 4096 pre 763µs on 797µs post 764µs diff 34.2µs > align 2048 pre 765µs on 799µs post 764µs diff 34.5µs The data must be misleading on this card. Unfortunately, flashbench -a is not completely reliable in finding out the erase block size. From the LBAsects=62500864 line above, I conclude that the actual size of the erase block is probably 2 MB, as that is the largest power-of-two number that is a fraction of the size (15259 * 2 MB). > root@ubuntu:/home/ubuntu/flashbench# for i in `seq 1 10`; do echo $i; > flashbench -O --erasesize=$[64 * 1024 * 1024] /dev/sda --open-au-nr=$i > --random; done > 1 > 64MiB 39.3M/s > 32MiB 70.1M/s > 16MiB 70.2M/s > 8MiB 25.8M/s > 4MiB 18M/s > 2MiB 9.41M/s > 1MiB 4.93M/s > 512KiB 2.35M/s > 256KiB 1.14M/s > 128KiB 596K/s > 64KiB 3.87M/s > 32KiB 3.05M/s > 16KiB 2.12M/s The performance of this card is pretty amazing, I have not seen that yet on a CF card. There might be a write cache on the card itself, as hdparm claims, so if that is the case, you should probably disable that cache using hdparm -W 0 /dev/sda during your measurements (not during actual use of course). One thing that is rather clear from this data is that this card is heavily optimized for extremely long writes, 16 MB or longer seem to be ideal. When you do --random writes, writing 128 KB takes roughly the same time as writing 16 MB! This could be a hint that the erase size is really 16 MB. The card evidently also optimizes for random writes up to 64 KB by treating them differently than any larger ones. When you do a 128 KB write or larger, it must be writing the entire 16 MB anyway. It would be nice if you could rerun your test without --random, and with both 2 MB and 16 MB erase size. > 2 > 64MiB 51.6M/s > 32MiB 70.1M/s > 16MiB 70.2M/s > 8MiB 48.9M/s > 4MiB 14.7M/s > 2MiB 5.82M/s > 1MiB 3.22M/s > 512KiB 1.57M/s > 256KiB 790K/s > 128KiB 392K/s > 64KiB 2.72M/s > 32KiB 1.74M/s > 16KiB 1.61M/s Unfortunately, the larger numbers don't provide more insight here. > root@ubuntu:/home/ubuntu/flashbench# flashbench --findfat --fat-nr=10 > --erasesize=$[64 * 1024 * 1024] --blocksize=1024 /dev/sda > 64MiB 47.1M/s 70M/s 69.9M/s 69.8M/s 69M/s 70.3M/s 70.4M/s > 70.3M/s 65.5M/s 70.2M/s > 32MiB 69.3M/s 70.4M/s 70M/s 70.4M/s 70.4M/s 70.4M/s 68.4M/s > 70.4M/s 70.5M/s 70.4M/s > 16MiB 43.7M/s 58.2M/s 70.4M/s 70.4M/s 69.4M/s 66.4M/s 70.3M/s > 69.4M/s 58.6M/s 70.5M/s > 8MiB 70.3M/s 70.4M/s 69.4M/s 58M/s 70.3M/s 58.7M/s 38.8M/s > 70.3M/s 69.3M/s 70.3M/s > 4MiB 69.3M/s 69.9M/s 70.3M/s 70.3M/s 69.1M/s 70.3M/s 70.3M/s > 66.2M/s 69.3M/s 70.3M/s > 2MiB 69.1M/s 69.8M/s 70.2M/s 66.1M/s 70.1M/s 70.2M/s 68.1M/s > 70.3M/s 70.2M/s 70.2M/s > 1MiB 69.3M/s 64.6M/s 70M/s 70.1M/s 64.8M/s 69.9M/s 70M/s > 64.5M/s 69.9M/s 65.6M/s > 512KiB 65.2M/s 61.1M/s 68.6M/s 68.7M/s 69.7M/s 69.7M/s 43M/s > 69.5M/s 69.6M/s 68.6M/s > 256KiB 60M/s 61M/s 60.8M/s 60.8M/s 60.4M/s 60.9M/s 60.9M/s > 60.7M/s 60.2M/s 60.8M/s > 128KiB 68M/s 61.2M/s 63.4M/s 69.3M/s 69.3M/s 68.4M/s 68.4M/s > 69.3M/s 69.3M/s 69.3M/s > 64KiB 37M/s 54.8M/s 55.4M/s 54.9M/s 55.2M/s 55.3M/s 55.4M/s > 54.7M/s 55.4M/s 55.8M/s > 32KiB 23.9M/s 23.9M/s 23.9M/s 24M/s 24.2M/s 19.9M/s 24.1M/s > 24.2M/s 23.9M/s 24M/s > 16KiB 8.89M/s 8.91M/s 8.94M/s 8.28M/s 8.95M/s 8.99M/s 8.82M/s > 8.73M/s 8.91M/s 8.97M/s > 8KiB 5.02M/s 4.81M/s 5.03M/s 5.02M/s 5.02M/s 5.02M/s 5.02M/s > 5.03M/s 5.02M/s 5.03M/s > 4KiB 2.11M/s 2.14M/s 2.11M/s 2.14M/s 2.12M/s 2.14M/s 2.12M/s > 2.11M/s 2.12M/s 2.14M/s > 2KiB 1.1M/s 1.11M/s 1.11M/s 1.11M/s 1.11M/s 1.09M/s 1.11M/s > 1.11M/s 1.11M/s 1.11M/s > 1KiB 545K/s 546K/s 543K/s 546K/s 546K/s 546K/s 547K/s > 544K/s 546K/s 546K/s Fascinating. It's not possible to actually see any FAT optimizations here (I would be surprised if this card did that), but the numbers for each of the columns are about the same as on my expensive Intel X25 SSD. What is obvious here is that 64 KB is the minimum size required to get the full performance. Arnd

15 years, 1 month

Kingston class 4 microSDHC 4GB (authentic)

by Arnd Bergmann

==> /sys/block/mmcblk0/device/cid <== 02544d5341303447062263db5f00ac00 ==> /sys/block/mmcblk0/device/csd <== 400e00325b5900001d6f7f800a400000 ==> /sys/block/mmcblk0/device/date <== 12/2010 ==> /sys/block/mmcblk0/device/driver <== head: error reading `/sys/block/mmcblk0/device/driver': Is a directory ==> /sys/block/mmcblk0/device/erase_size <== 512 ==> /sys/block/mmcblk0/device/fwrev <== 0x6 ==> /sys/block/mmcblk0/device/hwrev <== 0x0 ==> /sys/block/mmcblk0/device/manfid <== 0x000002 ==> /sys/block/mmcblk0/device/name <== SA04G ==> /sys/block/mmcblk0/device/oemid <== 0x544d ==> /sys/block/mmcblk0/device/power <== head: error reading `/sys/block/mmcblk0/device/power': Is a directory ==> /sys/block/mmcblk0/device/preferred_erase_size <== 4194304 ==> /sys/block/mmcblk0/device/scr <== 0235800001000000 ==> /sys/block/mmcblk0/device/serial <== 0x2263db5f ==> /sys/block/mmcblk0/device/subsystem <== head: error reading `/sys/block/mmcblk0/device/subsystem': Is a directory ==> /sys/block/mmcblk0/device/type <== SD Disk /dev/mmcblk0: 3951 MB, 3951034368 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 480 cylinders, total 7716864 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x00000000 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/mmcblk0p1 * 63 240974 120456 c W95 FAT32 (LBA) /dev/mmcblk0p2 240975 7132859 3445942+ 83 Linux $ sudo ./flashbench -a /dev/mmcblk0 --blocksize 1024align 402653184 pre 1.51ms on 2.84ms post 1.66ms diff 1.25ms align 268435456 pre 1.49ms on 2.86ms post 1.66ms diff 1.28ms align 201326592 pre 1.51ms on 2.85ms post 1.66ms diff 1.26ms align 134217728 pre 1.53ms on 2.88ms post 1.68ms diff 1.28ms align 100663296 pre 1.52ms on 2.87ms post 1.67ms diff 1.27ms align 67108864 pre 1.52ms on 2.86ms post 1.66ms diff 1.26ms align 50331648 pre 1.53ms on 2.85ms post 1.66ms diff 1.26ms align 33554432 pre 1.52ms on 2.85ms post 1.66ms diff 1.26ms align 25165824 pre 1.52ms on 2.85ms post 1.66ms diff 1.26ms align 16777216 pre 1.51ms on 2.84ms post 1.66ms diff 1.25ms align 12582912 pre 1.51ms on 2.84ms post 1.66ms diff 1.25ms align 8388608 pre 1.42ms on 2.75ms post 1.66ms diff 1.21ms align 6291456 pre 1.54ms on 1.56ms post 1.55ms diff 14.4µs align 4194304 pre 1.41ms on 2.63ms post 1.54ms diff 1.15ms align 3145728 pre 1.55ms on 2.66ms post 1.55ms diff 1.11ms align 2097152 pre 1.54ms on 1.56ms post 1.55ms diff 14.2µs align 1572864 pre 1.54ms on 2.65ms post 1.54ms diff 1.11ms align 1048576 pre 1.54ms on 1.56ms post 1.54ms diff 16.2µs align 786432 pre 1.54ms on 2.65ms post 1.54ms diff 1.11ms align 524288 pre 1.54ms on 1.56ms post 1.54ms diff 15.8µs align 393216 pre 1.54ms on 2.65ms post 1.54ms diff 1.11ms align 262144 pre 1.54ms on 1.56ms post 1.54ms diff 15.6µs align 196608 pre 1.54ms on 2.65ms post 1.54ms diff 1.11ms align 131072 pre 1.54ms on 1.56ms post 1.54ms diff 16.1µs align 98304 pre 1.54ms on 2.65ms post 1.54ms diff 1.11ms align 65536 pre 1.54ms on 1.56ms post 1.54ms diff 16.1µs align 49152 pre 1.54ms on 2.64ms post 1.54ms diff 1.1ms align 32768 pre 1.54ms on 1.55ms post 1.54ms diff 15.5µs align 24576 pre 1.54ms on 2.65ms post 1.54ms diff 1.11ms align 16384 pre 1.54ms on 1.56ms post 1.54ms diff 15.6µs align 12288 pre 1.54ms on 1.54ms post 1.54ms diff -649ns align 8192 pre 1.54ms on 1.56ms post 1.54ms diff 15.7µs align 6144 pre 1.54ms on 1.54ms post 1.54ms diff 660ns align 4096 pre 1.54ms on 1.54ms post 1.54ms diff 458ns align 3072 pre 1.54ms on 1.54ms post 1.54ms diff -132ns align 2048 pre 1.54ms on 1.54ms post 1.54ms diff -1008ns $ sudo ./flashbench --open-au --open-au-nr=1 --erasesize=$[4*1024*1024] --blocksize=512 /dev/mmcblk0 --offset=$[32 * 1024 * 1024] 4MiB 3.35M/s 2MiB 2.56M/s 1MiB 1.77M/s 512KiB 1.76M/s 256KiB 1.76M/s 128KiB 2.54M/s 64KiB 4.59M/s 32KiB 4.46M/s 16KiB 3.54M/s 8KiB 2.93M/s 4KiB 2.25M/s 2KiB 22.1K/s arnd@klappe2:~/git/flashbench$ sudo ./flashbench --open-au --open-au-nr=2 --erasesize=$[4*1024*1024] --blocksize=512 /dev/mmcblk0 --offset=$[32 * 1024 * 1024] 4MiB 4.17M/s 2MiB 2.76M/s 1MiB 1.38M/s 512KiB 700K/s 256KiB 355K/s ^C arnd@klappe2:~/git/flashbench$ sudo ./flashbench --open-au --open-au-nr=1 --erasesize=$[4*1024*1024] --blocksize=512 /dev/mmcblk0 --offset=$[32 * 1024 * 1024] --random 4MiB 3.05M/s 2MiB 1.18M/s 1MiB 1.4M/s 512KiB 556K/s 256KiB 310K/s 128KiB 141K/s ^C

15 years, 1 month

Mobile phone factory

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15 years, 1 month

Sandisk Extreme III (2007)

by Arnd Bergmann

==> /sys/block/mmcblk0/device/block <== head: error reading `/sys/block/mmcblk0/device/block': Is a directory ==> /sys/block/mmcblk0/device/cid <== 03534453443034478030cd99b2007600 ==> /sys/block/mmcblk0/device/csd <== 400e00325b5900001e5c7f800a404000 ==> /sys/block/mmcblk0/device/date <== 06/2007 ==> /sys/block/mmcblk0/device/driver <== head: error reading `/sys/block/mmcblk0/device/driver': Is a directory ==> /sys/block/mmcblk0/device/erase_size <== 512 ==> /sys/block/mmcblk0/device/fwrev <== 0x0 ==> /sys/block/mmcblk0/device/hwrev <== 0x8 ==> /sys/block/mmcblk0/device/manfid <== 0x000003 ==> /sys/block/mmcblk0/device/name <== SD04G ==> /sys/block/mmcblk0/device/oemid <== 0x5344 ==> /sys/block/mmcblk0/device/power <== head: error reading `/sys/block/mmcblk0/device/power': Is a directory ==> /sys/block/mmcblk0/device/preferred_erase_size <== 4194304 ==> /sys/block/mmcblk0/device/scr <== 0235000000000000 ==> /sys/block/mmcblk0/device/serial <== 0x30cd99b2 ==> /sys/block/mmcblk0/device/subsystem <== head: error reading `/sys/block/mmcblk0/device/subsystem': Is a directory ==> /sys/block/mmcblk0/device/type <== SD ==> /sys/block/mmcblk0/device/uevent <== DRIVER=mmcblk MMC_TYPE=SD MMC_NAME=SD04G MODALIAS=mmc:block $ sudo ./flashbench -a /dev/mmcblk0 --blocksize 1024 align 805306368 pre 781µs on 816µs post 639µs diff 106µs align 536870912 pre 783µs on 836µs post 662µs diff 113µs align 402653184 pre 823µs on 857µs post 665µs diff 113µs align 268435456 pre 831µs on 867µs post 659µs diff 122µs align 201326592 pre 768µs on 806µs post 609µs diff 117µs align 134217728 pre 833µs on 868µs post 663µs diff 120µs align 100663296 pre 777µs on 806µs post 611µs diff 111µs align 67108864 pre 722µs on 785µs post 592µs diff 128µs align 50331648 pre 706µs on 782µs post 671µs diff 93.7µs align 33554432 pre 744µs on 797µs post 576µs diff 136µs align 25165824 pre 554µs on 649µs post 572µs diff 85.3µs align 16777216 pre 637µs on 681µs post 567µs diff 79.4µs align 12582912 pre 648µs on 677µs post 581µs diff 62.2µs align 8388608 pre 650µs on 678µs post 582µs diff 61.8µs align 6291456 pre 714µs on 747µs post 586µs diff 96.7µs align 4194304 pre 729µs on 772µs post 662µs diff 76.5µs align 3145728 pre 650µs on 684µs post 586µs diff 65.4µs align 2097152 pre 720µs on 747µs post 582µs diff 95.8µs align 1572864 pre 731µs on 745µs post 669µs diff 45.3µs align 1048576 pre 781µs on 837µs post 658µs diff 117µs align 786432 pre 690µs on 692µs post 671µs diff 11.1µs align 524288 pre 732µs on 745µs post 666µs diff 45.7µs align 393216 pre 704µs on 686µs post 673µs diff -1998ns align 262144 pre 694µs on 689µs post 671µs diff 6.82µs align 196608 pre 701µs on 687µs post 674µs diff -594ns align 131072 pre 690µs on 685µs post 670µs diff 5.34µs align 98304 pre 702µs on 690µs post 670µs diff 4.34µs align 65536 pre 704µs on 685µs post 670µs diff -2468ns align 49152 pre 685µs on 697µs post 658µs diff 25.7µs align 32768 pre 701µs on 688µs post 671µs diff 2.15µs align 24576 pre 604µs on 679µs post 675µs diff 39.4µs align 16384 pre 694µs on 691µs post 656µs diff 15.7µs align 12288 pre 651µs on 656µs post 642µs diff 9.39µs align 8192 pre 625µs on 669µs post 671µs diff 21µs align 6144 pre 641µs on 626µs post 632µs diff -10210n sudo ./flashbench --open-au --erasesize=$[2*512*1024] --blocksize=8192 /dev/mmcblk0 --open-au-nr=3 --random 1MiB 8.38M/s 512KiB 8.38M/s 256KiB 7.01M/s 128KiB 7.06M/s 64KiB 6.93M/s 32KiB 5.54M/s 16KiB 5.42M/s 8KiB 2.26M/s --blocksize=8192 /dev/mmcblk0 --open-au-nr=3 --random 1MiB 6.85M/s 512KiB 8.35M/s 256KiB 8.37M/s 128KiB 7.01M/s 64KiB 7.01M/s 32KiB 6.67M/s 16KiB 5.43M/s 8KiB 2.26M/s arnd@klappe2:~/git/flashbench$ sudo ./flashbench --open-au --erasesize=$[1024*1024] --blocksize=8192 /dev/mmcblk0 --open-au-nr=4 --random 1MiB 7.89M/s 512KiB 9.3M/s 256KiB 7.98M/s 128KiB 4.76M/s 64KiB 3.55M/s ^C arnd@klappe2:~/git/flashbench$ sudo ./flashbench --open-au --erasesize=$[1024*1024] --blocksize=8192 /dev/mmcblk0 --open-au-nr=4 --random 1MiB 7.98M/s 512KiB 8.01M/s 256KiB 7.04M/s 128KiB 5.2M/s 64KiB 3.38M/s 32KiB 1.95M/s 16KiB 1.01M/s 8KiB 498K/s arnd@klappe2:~/git/flashbench$ sudo ./flashbench --open-au --erasesize=$[1024*1024] --blocksize=8192 /dev/mmcblk0 --open-au-nr=7 1MiB 12M/s 512KiB 10.7M/s 256KiB 10.6M/s 128KiB 10.6M/s 64KiB 10.6M/s 32KiB 12M/s 16KiB 8.91M/s 8KiB 6.15M/s arnd@klappe2:~/git/flashbench$ sudo ./flashbench --open-au --erasesize=$[1024*1024] --blocksize=8192 /dev/mmcblk0 --open-au-nr=10 1MiB 12.3M/s 512KiB 6.71M/s 256KiB 3.46M/s 128KiB 1.68M/s arnd@klappe2:~/git/flashbench$ sudo ./flashbench --open-au --erasesize=$[1024*1024] --blocksize=512 /dev/mmcblk0 --open-au-nr=7 1MiB 8.21M/s 512KiB 10.5M/s 256KiB 10.4M/s 128KiB 10.4M/s 64KiB 10.5M/s 32KiB 11.7M/s 16KiB 8.93M/s 8KiB 6.1M/s 4KiB 3.32M/s 2KiB 1.62M/s

15 years, 1 month

Save your money and time in exhibition, this is the best supplier for mobile phone

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15 years, 1 month

Re: [Flashbench] IPPBX For Distributor

by Alex

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15 years, 1 month

Results for Sandisk class 4 "SDHC card"

by Sascha Silbe

sascha.silbe@flatty:~$ find /sys/block/mmcblk0/device/ -maxdepth 1 -type f -printf '\n%f:\n' -exec cat \{\} \; uevent: DRIVER=mmcblk MMC_TYPE=SD MMC_NAME=SD04G MODALIAS=mmc:block cid: 0353445344303447800218eb1900a900 csd: 400e00325b5900001d8a7f800a404000 scr: 0235800000000000 date: 09/2010 fwrev: 0x0 hwrev: 0x8 manfid: 0x000003 name: SD04G oemid: 0x5344 serial: 0x0218eb19 type: SD Size: 3965190144B = 3872256 KiB flashtest@flatty:~/flashbench$ ./flashbench -a /dev/mmcblk0 --blocksize=1024 --count=1000 align 1073741824 pre 3.05ms on 3.83ms post 3.03ms diff 791µs align 536870912 pre 2.92ms on 3.79ms post 2.97ms diff 840µs align 268435456 pre 2.93ms on 3.85ms post 3.03ms diff 871µs align 134217728 pre 2.91ms on 3.78ms post 2.97ms diff 839µs align 67108864 pre 2.94ms on 3.84ms post 3.04ms diff 855µs align 33554432 pre 2.88ms on 3.78ms post 2.97ms diff 853µs align 16777216 pre 2.94ms on 3.85ms post 3.03ms diff 862µs align 8388608 pre 2.62ms on 3.5ms post 2.66ms diff 858µs align 4194304 pre 2.61ms on 3.49ms post 2.65ms diff 857µs align 2097152 pre 2.61ms on 3.51ms post 2.66ms diff 868µs align 1048576 pre 2.62ms on 3.5ms post 2.66ms diff 862µs align 524288 pre 2.63ms on 3.51ms post 2.67ms diff 859µs align 262144 pre 2.66ms on 2.94ms post 2.67ms diff 280µs align 131072 pre 2.66ms on 2.94ms post 2.66ms diff 281µs align 65536 pre 2.67ms on 2.97ms post 2.67ms diff 300µs align 32768 pre 2.66ms on 2.96ms post 2.67ms diff 293µs align 16384 pre 2.7ms on 2.95ms post 2.67ms diff 264µs align 8192 pre 2.69ms on 2.95ms post 2.67ms diff 272µs align 4096 pre 2.66ms on 2.71ms post 2.66ms diff 52.5µs align 2048 pre 2.67ms on 2.67ms post 2.67ms diff 2.51µs Trying to determine max. number of open AUs in non-random mode, 5 samples each: EBS=524288 ; for NUMAU in $(seq 1 10) ; do echo "Trying $NUMAU open AUs:" ; ./flashbench --open-au --open-au-nr=$NUMAU --erasesize=$EBS /dev/mmcblk0 |tr -s ' ' |tr ' ' '\t' > out.1 ; for nr in $(seq 2 5) ; do ./flashbench --open-au --open-au-nr=$NUMAU --erasesize=$EBS /dev/mmcblk0 |tr -s ' '|cut -d ' ' -f 2 > out.$nr ; done ; paste out.* ; done Trying 1 open AUs: 512KiB 5.95M/s 4.96M/s 4.99M/s 4.92M/s 5M/s 256KiB 6.47M/s 4.25M/s 5.15M/s 4.63M/s 3.21M/s 128KiB 6.48M/s 4.99M/s 4.83M/s 4.83M/s 3.34M/s 64KiB 6.5M/s 5.5M/s 4.95M/s 4.95M/s 3.19M/s 32KiB 6.13M/s 5.38M/s 5.01M/s 5.06M/s 3.85M/s 16KiB 5.35M/s 5.32M/s 5.29M/s 5.34M/s 3.35M/s Trying 2 open AUs: 512KiB 4.6M/s 4.06M/s 1.64M/s 4.68M/s 4.4M/s 256KiB 4.4M/s 3.71M/s 4.32M/s 3.7M/s 4.24M/s 128KiB 3.71M/s 4.03M/s 4M/s 3.65M/s 4.19M/s 64KiB 3.89M/s 4.14M/s 4.07M/s 3.63M/s 4.45M/s 32KiB 4.38M/s 4.01M/s 3.92M/s 4.34M/s 3.81M/s 16KiB 3.25M/s 2.7M/s 3.68M/s 3.05M/s 3.72M/s Trying 3 open AUs: 512KiB 4.56M/s 4.68M/s 4.36M/s 4.48M/s 4.13M/s 256KiB 4.37M/s 4.39M/s 4.18M/s 3.8M/s 3.99M/s 128KiB 4.3M/s 4.12M/s 4.16M/s 3.72M/s 2.3M/s 64KiB 5.33M/s 4.21M/s 4.82M/s 4.28M/s 4.7M/s 32KiB 3.82M/s 4.14M/s 3.8M/s 3.7M/s 4.2M/s 16KiB 3.38M/s 3.15M/s 3.52M/s 3.45M/s 3.19M/s Trying 4 open AUs: 512KiB 4.48M/s 3.86M/s 4.72M/s 4.43M/s 4.25M/s 256KiB 4.29M/s 2.84M/s 3.64M/s 3.85M/s 3.6M/s 128KiB 4.54M/s 1.69M/s 1.47M/s 4.06M/s 2.41M/s 64KiB 4.58M/s 4.2M/s 4.74M/s 1.93M/s 4.55M/s 32KiB 4.11M/s 4.03M/s 3.71M/s 4.5M/s 1.46M/s 16KiB 3.32M/s 2.64M/s 2.14M/s 3.2M/s 3.13M/s Trying 5 open AUs: 512KiB 4.19M/s 1.4M/s 4.26M/s 4.21M/s 4.53M/s 256KiB 4.35M/s 4.31M/s 2.07M/s 1.92M/s 3.85M/s 128KiB 4.8M/s 4.65M/s 4.55M/s 3.71M/s 3.89M/s 64KiB 3.54M/s 4.2M/s 4.05M/s 4.33M/s 4.48M/s 32KiB 1.87M/s 3.95M/s 4.07M/s 3.91M/s 3.85M/s 16KiB 2.71M/s 2.63M/s 1.7M/s 1.17M/s 873K/s Trying 6 open AUs: 512KiB 4.31M/s 4.02M/s 3.91M/s 4.03M/s 4.51M/s 256KiB 4.13M/s 3.87M/s 3.92M/s 3.97M/s 3.99M/s 128KiB 4.1M/s 4.24M/s 4.13M/s 4.09M/s 4.06M/s 64KiB 4.25M/s 4.52M/s 4.47M/s 4.09M/s 4.13M/s 32KiB 4.03M/s 4.09M/s 2.41M/s 4.13M/s 4.4M/s 16KiB 879K/s 1.11M/s 826K/s 889K/s 1.06M/s Trying 7 open AUs: 512KiB 4.19M/s 4.06M/s 4.11M/s 4.11M/s 4.18M/s 256KiB 4.04M/s 4.38M/s 4.39M/s 4.03M/s 4M/s 128KiB 4.35M/s 4.39M/s 4.49M/s 4.18M/s 4.2M/s 64KiB 4.17M/s 3.87M/s 4.17M/s 3.84M/s 4.17M/s 32KiB 1.15M/s 1M/s 3.82M/s 1.76M/s 1.03M/s 16KiB 1.54M/s 1.44M/s 868K/s 1.29M/s 1.99M/s Trying 8 open AUs: 512KiB 4.14M/s 4.24M/s 4.33M/s 4.41M/s 4.2M/s 256KiB 4.03M/s 4.12M/s 4.14M/s 3.07M/s 4.04M/s 128KiB 4.28M/s 4.33M/s 3.89M/s 2.19M/s 4.46M/s 64KiB 2.07M/s 1.05M/s 1.49M/s 1.53M/s 1.91M/s 32KiB 1.24M/s 3.85M/s 1.01M/s 2.17M/s 1.56M/s 16KiB 1.59M/s 1.67M/s 3.3M/s 1.03M/s 1.36M/s Trying 9 open AUs: 512KiB 4.15M/s 4.19M/s 4.06M/s 3.34M/s 4.07M/s 256KiB 4.07M/s 4.19M/s 4.02M/s 4.09M/s 3.97M/s 128KiB 2.55M/s 1.59M/s 4.38M/s 2.62M/s 2.78M/s 64KiB 1.42M/s 2.97M/s 2.88M/s 1.72M/s 2.72M/s 32KiB 1.46M/s 1.05M/s 995K/s 1.42M/s 1.13M/s 16KiB 3.3M/s 1.27M/s 1.98M/s 1.73M/s 1.54M/s Trying 10 open AUs: 512KiB 4.18M/s 3.57M/s 4.04M/s 4.07M/s 4.15M/s 256KiB 4.18M/s 4.15M/s 3.9M/s 4.1M/s 4.16M/s 128KiB 3.53M/s 2.73M/s 2.48M/s 2.38M/s 3.05M/s 64KiB 1.66M/s 1.72M/s 2.6M/s 2.09M/s 2.63M/s 32KiB 2.71M/s 1.22M/s 1.37M/s 1.19M/s 977K/s 16KiB 906K/s 1.39M/s 1.21M/s 1.44M/s 1.55M/s Trying to determine max. number of open AUs in random mode, 5 samples each: EBS=524288 ; for NUMAU in $(seq 1 10) ; do echo "Trying $NUMAU open AUs:" ; ./flashbench --open-au --random --open-au-nr=$NUMAU --erasesize=$EBS /dev/mmcblk0 |tr -s ' ' |tr ' ' '\t' > out.1 ; for nr in $(seq 2 5) ; do ./flashbench --open-au --random --open-au-nr=$NUMAU --erasesize=$EBS /dev/mmcblk0 |tr -s ' '|cut -d ' ' -f 2 > out.$nr ; done ; paste out.* ; done Trying 1 open AUs: 512KiB 6.03M/s 4.23M/s 3.99M/s 3.82M/s 4.49M/s 256KiB 6.47M/s 3.83M/s 3.74M/s 3.61M/s 4.14M/s 128KiB 6.48M/s 3.69M/s 3.51M/s 3.62M/s 3.56M/s 64KiB 6.46M/s 3.36M/s 3.14M/s 3.54M/s 3.33M/s 32KiB 5.95M/s 3.94M/s 3.87M/s 3.76M/s 3.76M/s 16KiB 5.15M/s 3.77M/s 2.68M/s 3.8M/s 3.72M/s Trying 2 open AUs: 512KiB 4.58M/s 4.7M/s 4.58M/s 5.04M/s 4.56M/s 256KiB 4.39M/s 3.98M/s 4.19M/s 4.08M/s 4.3M/s 128KiB 4.07M/s 4.14M/s 4.1M/s 3.99M/s 3.47M/s 64KiB 3.44M/s 4.55M/s 3.43M/s 4.05M/s 3.67M/s 32KiB 4.42M/s 4.34M/s 4.38M/s 3.85M/s 4.39M/s 16KiB 3.33M/s 3.44M/s 3.28M/s 3.28M/s 3.3M/s Trying 3 open AUs: 512KiB 3.89M/s 4.2M/s 3.93M/s 4.17M/s 4.43M/s 256KiB 4.59M/s 3.86M/s 3.89M/s 4.07M/s 4.09M/s 128KiB 4.07M/s 4.17M/s 3.71M/s 4.15M/s 4.17M/s 64KiB 3.5M/s 4.81M/s 3.86M/s 4.7M/s 4.64M/s 32KiB 1.05M/s 3.92M/s 4.23M/s 4.2M/s 3.96M/s 16KiB 3.35M/s 3.46M/s 3.15M/s 3.19M/s 3.44M/s Trying 4 open AUs: 512KiB 3.99M/s 3.88M/s 4.13M/s 4.1M/s 2.56M/s 256KiB 4.53M/s 2.87M/s 4M/s 3.8M/s 4.29M/s 128KiB 4.44M/s 4.04M/s 3.11M/s 4.29M/s 4.19M/s 64KiB 4.92M/s 1.45M/s 4.85M/s 3.24M/s 3.58M/s 32KiB 3.89M/s 4.01M/s 1.44M/s 1.56M/s 4.44M/s 16KiB 3.42M/s 3.36M/s 3.4M/s 3.35M/s 2.61M/s Trying 5 open AUs: 512KiB 3.97M/s 2.08M/s 1.5M/s 3.9M/s 4.03M/s 256KiB 2.45M/s 2.96M/s 4.5M/s 2.28M/s 1.66M/s 128KiB 4.26M/s 4.39M/s 4.56M/s 1.45M/s 2.16M/s 64KiB 3.46M/s 3.88M/s 4.42M/s 4.74M/s 4.21M/s 32KiB 2.28M/s 3.19M/s 4.27M/s 4.46M/s 3.77M/s 16KiB 2.06M/s 1.81M/s 3.26M/s 3.34M/s 2.69M/s Trying 6 open AUs: 512KiB 4.23M/s 3.91M/s 4.05M/s 4.46M/s 4.2M/s 256KiB 1.65M/s 3.89M/s 4.51M/s 4.29M/s 3.98M/s 128KiB 4.29M/s 4.27M/s 4.27M/s 4.31M/s 4.09M/s 64KiB 2.13M/s 4.38M/s 4.13M/s 4.11M/s 4.28M/s 32KiB 3.82M/s 3.84M/s 3.96M/s 4.33M/s 1.78M/s 16KiB 1.07M/s 646K/s 975K/s 1.13M/s 1.17M/s Trying 7 open AUs: 512KiB 4.19M/s 4.29M/s 4.39M/s 4.13M/s 4.03M/s 256KiB 3.97M/s 3.98M/s 4.08M/s 4.23M/s 4.13M/s 128KiB 4.14M/s 4.31M/s 4.37M/s 4.54M/s 4.25M/s 64KiB 4.35M/s 4.4M/s 4.27M/s 4.58M/s 3.18M/s 32KiB 3.09M/s 1.44M/s 2.32M/s 1.12M/s 1.04M/s 16KiB 1.03M/s 966K/s 787K/s 1.84M/s 3.23M/s Trying 8 open AUs: 512KiB 4.33M/s 3.81M/s 4.02M/s 3.99M/s 4.02M/s 256KiB 4.08M/s 4.13M/s 4.06M/s 4.03M/s 3.87M/s 128KiB 4.35M/s 4.33M/s 4.69M/s 4.31M/s 1.85M/s 64KiB 2.83M/s 1.52M/s 1.38M/s 2.55M/s 3.81M/s 32KiB 1.54M/s 3.25M/s 1.7M/s 1.01M/s 1.43M/s 16KiB 883K/s 1.29M/s 1.04M/s 1.7M/s 1.21M/s Trying 9 open AUs: 512KiB 3.92M/s 2.78M/s 4.01M/s 4.01M/s 3.7M/s 256KiB 4.13M/s 3.77M/s 4.11M/s 4.04M/s 4.05M/s 128KiB 4.31M/s 3.25M/s 1.88M/s 4.4M/s 2.81M/s 64KiB 4.42M/s 1.8M/s 2.05M/s 2.8M/s 1.84M/s 32KiB 1.51M/s 1.46M/s 1.37M/s 1.2M/s 1.32M/s 16KiB 1.24M/s 1.68M/s 1.31M/s 1.71M/s 1.46M/s Trying 10 open AUs: 512KiB 4.03M/s 4.4M/s 4.08M/s 4.22M/s 4.14M/s 256KiB 3.98M/s 3.79M/s 3.93M/s 4M/s 4.07M/s 128KiB 3M/s 1.71M/s 4.23M/s 4.04M/s 1.62M/s 64KiB 2.87M/s 1.99M/s 2.01M/s 1.89M/s 3.44M/s 32KiB 1.02M/s 1.01M/s 1.23M/s 1.75M/s 1.17M/s 16KiB 1.67M/s 972K/s 1.11M/s 970K/s 1.58M/s flashtest@flatty:~/flashbench$ ./flashbench --findfat --random --erasesize=524288 /dev/mmcblk0 512KiB 5.33M/s 6.24M/s 6.23M/s 6.24M/s 6.23M/s 6.23M/s 256KiB 6.21M/s 6.23M/s 6.22M/s 6.25M/s 6.25M/s 6.08M/s 128KiB 6.23M/s 6.25M/s 6.25M/s 6.26M/s 6M/s 5.75M/s 64KiB 6.02M/s 6.04M/s 6.15M/s 4M/s 4.01M/s 4.5M/s 32KiB 5.2M/s 5.9M/s 5.9M/s 5.88M/s 5.91M/s 5.91M/s 16KiB 5.2M/s 5.2M/s 5.19M/s 5.17M/s 5.21M/s 5.19M/s flashtest@flatty:~/flashbench$ I hope you can read more into that data than I do. I have a feeling 5 samples are not enough to reliably determine the number of open AUs for this card. Sascha -- http://sascha.silbe.org/ http://www.infra-silbe.de/

15 years, 1 month

intel x25 SSD

by Arnd Bergmann

# need to disable write cache for meaningful tests $ sudo hdparm -W0 /dev/sdb /dev/sdb: setting drive write-caching to 0 (off) # erase size is 10 MB apparently, need a large count to get meaningful data $ sudo ./flashbench -a --blocksize=10240 /dev/sdb7 --count=1000 align 2013265920 pre 76.5µs on 77.4µs post 74.8µs diff 1.77µs align 1342177280 pre 61.1µs on 62.2µs post 61.3µs diff 989ns align 1006632960 pre 73.8µs on 74.9µs post 73.6µs diff 1.22µs align 671088640 pre 73.7µs on 74.8µs post 73.6µs diff 1.16µs align 503316480 pre 88.7µs on 89.8µs post 86.9µs diff 1.98µs align 335544320 pre 88.9µs on 90.8µs post 87µs diff 2.79µs align 251658240 pre 91.5µs on 92.7µs post 88.2µs diff 2.85µs align 167772160 pre 91.6µs on 92.7µs post 88µs diff 2.87µs align 125829120 pre 91.6µs on 92.5µs post 88µs diff 2.71µs align 83886080 pre 92µs on 92.9µs post 88.2µs diff 2.82µs align 62914560 pre 91.6µs on 92.6µs post 88.3µs diff 2.71µs align 41943040 pre 92.1µs on 92.7µs post 88.5µs diff 2.41µs align 31457280 pre 92µs on 92.9µs post 88.2µs diff 2.78µs align 20971520 pre 92.1µs on 92.9µs post 88.4µs diff 2.65µs align 15728640 pre 92.1µs on 92.1µs post 88.4µs diff 1.85µs align 10485760 pre 92.5µs on 93µs post 88.3µs diff 2.64µs align 7864320 pre 91.7µs on 91.8µs post 88.3µs diff 1.75µs align 5242880 pre 91.7µs on 91.8µs post 88.5µs diff 1.67µs align 3932160 pre 90µs on 89.2µs post 87.2µs diff 611ns align 2621440 pre 89.9µs on 89.1µs post 87.1µs diff 625ns align 1966080 pre 89.7µs on 89.2µs post 87.1µs diff 786ns align 1310720 pre 89.9µs on 89.2µs post 87.1µs diff 685ns align 983040 pre 90.1µs on 89.2µs post 87.2µs diff 489ns align 655360 pre 89.7µs on 88.9µs post 87µs diff 605ns align 491520 pre 89µs on 88.8µs post 86.9µs diff 827ns align 327680 pre 89.5µs on 89.1µs post 86.9µs diff 866ns align 245760 pre 92µs on 91.6µs post 88.4µs diff 1.44µs align 163840 pre 89.5µs on 89.1µs post 87.3µs diff 668ns align 122880 pre 89.2µs on 89.1µs post 87.1µs diff 923ns align 81920 pre 86.4µs on 86.5µs post 85.7µs diff 430ns align 61440 pre 86.1µs on 86µs post 85.9µs diff 1ns align 40960 pre 86.8µs on 86.6µs post 85.8µs diff 265ns align 30720 pre 85.5µs on 85.5µs post 87.3µs diff -866ns align 20480 pre 86.1µs on 86.1µs post 85.4µs diff 284ns # page size is 32 KB $ sudo ./flashbench --open-au --open-au-nr=5 /dev/sdb7 --blocksize=512 --erasesize=$[1024 * 1024] 1MiB 75.8M/s 512KiB 80.4M/s 256KiB 67.5M/s 128KiB 59M/s 64KiB 43.4M/s 32KiB 28M/s 16KiB 15.5M/s 8KiB 8.48M/s 4KiB 4.25M/s 2KiB 2.18M/s 1KiB 1.1M/s 512B 553K/s # similar numbers for using 10 MB: $ sudo ./flashbench --open-au --open-au-nr=1 /dev/sdb7 --blocksize=5120 --erasesize=$[10240 * 1024] 10MiB 70.9M/s 5MiB 73.8M/s 2.5MiB 76.8M/s 1.25MiB 77M/s 640KiB 71.9M/s 320KiB 80.5M/s 160KiB 60M/s 80KiB 54.5M/s 40KiB 36.5M/s 20KiB 19.6M/s 10KiB 9.92M/s 5KiB 5.28M/s #trying larger number of open au: $ sudo ./flashbench --open-au /dev/sdb7 --blocksize=$[5120 * 8] --erasesize=$[10240 * 1024] --open-au-nr=2 10MiB 76.5M/s 5MiB 78M/s 2.5MiB 77.8M/s 1.25MiB 73.9M/s 640KiB 70.1M/s 320KiB 63.9M/s 160KiB 56.3M/s 80KiB 53.2M/s 40KiB 33M/s arnd@klappe2:~/git/flashbench$ sudo ./flashbench --open-au /dev/sdb7 --blocksize=$[5120 * 8] --erasesize=$[10240 * 1024] --open-au-nr=3 10MiB 79.1M/s 5MiB 79.1M/s 2.5MiB 79M/s 1.25MiB 73.2M/s 640KiB 68.6M/s 320KiB 63M/s 160KiB 60M/s 80KiB 54.6M/s 40KiB 33.1M/s arnd@klappe2:~/git/flashbench$ sudo ./flashbench --open-au /dev/sdb7 --blocksize=$[5120 * 8] --erasesize=$[10240 * 1024] --open-au-nr=4 10MiB 76.4M/s 5MiB 76.9M/s 2.5MiB 76.5M/s 1.25MiB 46.1M/s 640KiB 56.4M/s 320KiB 51M/s 160KiB 43.5M/s 80KiB 53.9M/s 40KiB 26.5M/s arnd@klappe2:~/git/flashbench$ sudo ./flashbench --open-au /dev/sdb7 --blocksize=$[5120 * 8] --erasesize=$[10240 * 1024] --open-au-nr=4 10MiB 78.4M/s 5MiB 78.5M/s 2.5MiB 54.5M/s 1.25MiB 58M/s 640KiB 54.7M/s 320KiB 44.7M/s 160KiB 44.4M/s 80KiB 41.1M/s 40KiB 30.5M/s arnd@klappe2:~/git/flashbench$ sudo ./flashbench --open-au /dev/sdb7 --blocksize=$[5120 * 8] --erasesize=$[10240 * 1024] --open-au-nr=4 10MiB 24.1M/s 5MiB 44.2M/s 2.5MiB 77.6M/s 1.25MiB 73.9M/s 640KiB 74.2M/s 320KiB 80.5M/s 160KiB 63.1M/s 80KiB 54.3M/s 40KiB 36.3M/s arnd@klappe2:~/git/flashbench$ sudo ./flashbench --open-au /dev/sdb7 --blocksize=$[5120 * 16] --erasesize=$[10240 * 1024] --open-au-nr=60 10MiB 64.4M/s 5MiB 70.2M/s 2.5MiB 78.4M/s 1.25MiB 71M/s 640KiB 60.4M/s 320KiB 69.9M/s arnd@klappe2:~/git/flashbench$ sudo ./flashbench --open-au /dev/sdb7 --blocksize=$[5120 * 16] --erasesize=$[10240 * 1024] --open-au-nr=130 10MiB 72.5M/s 5MiB 73.5M/s 2.5MiB 73.1M/s 1.25MiB 69M/s 640KiB 68.2M/s 320KiB 69.1M/s 160KiB 58.5M/s Absolutely no effects can be measured based on number of open erase blocks. Arnd

15 years, 2 months

Patriot Rage XT 16 GB (inconclusive)

by Arnd Bergmann

$ lsusb Bus 001 Device 024: ID 13fe:3800 Kingston Technology Company Inc. # The device can access 12 12 MB erase blocks: arnd@klappe2:~/git/flashbench$ sudo ./flashbench /dev/sdc --open-au --blocksize=$[3 * 8192] --erasesize=$[3 * 4096 * 1024] --open-au-nr=20 12MiB 12.9M/s 6MiB 10.8M/s 3MiB 7.49M/s 1.5MiB 4.66M/s ^C arnd@klappe2:~/git/flashbench$ sudo ./flashbench /dev/sdc --open-au --blocksize=$[3 * 8192] --erasesize=$[3 * 4096 * 1024] --open-au-nr=12 12MiB 10.2M/s 6MiB 13.8M/s 3MiB 13.5M/s 1.5MiB 13.2M/s 768KiB 13.1M/s 384KiB 12.8M/s 192KiB 12.7M/s 96KiB 15.3M/s ^C arnd@klappe2:~/git/flashbench$ sudo ./flashbench /dev/sdc --open-au --blocksize=$[3 * 8192] --erasesize=$[3 * 4096 * 1024] --open-au-nr=16 12MiB 14.2M/s 6MiB 11M/s 3MiB 7.64M/s 1.5MiB 4.78M/s 768KiB 2.69M/s 384KiB 1.45M/s 192KiB 767K/s ^C arnd@klappe2:~/git/flashbench$ sudo ./flashbench /dev/sdc --open-au --blocksize=$[3 * 8192] --erasesize=$[3 * 4096 * 1024] --open-au-nr=13 12MiB 12.9M/s 6MiB 11.5M/s 3MiB 8.35M/s 1.5MiB 5.13M/s 768KiB 2.89M/s 384KiB 1.54M/s 192KiB 758K/s 96KiB 732K/s ^C arnd@klappe2:~/git/flashbench$ sudo ./flashbench /dev/sdc --open-au --blocksize=$[3 * 8192] --erasesize=$[3 * 4096 * 1024] --open-au-nr=12 [sudo] password for arnd: 12MiB 16.2M/s 6MiB 13.2M/s 3MiB 13M/s 1.5MiB 13M/s 768KiB 13.1M/s 384KiB 12.5M/s 192KiB 12.5M/s 96KiB 14.9M/s 48KiB 9.55M/s # This also works with 8 MB units (properly aligned to 24 MB by modifying flashbench): $ sudo ./flashbench /dev/sdc --open-au --blocksize=$[2 * 8192] --erasesize=$[ 2 * 4096 * 1024] --open-au-nr=12 8MiB 12.8M/s 4MiB 11.8M/s 2MiB 10.3M/s 1MiB 16.6M/s 512KiB 17M/s 256KiB 15.6M/s 128KiB 13.6M/s 64KiB 18.4M/s 32KiB 11.9M/s 16KiB 3.41M/s arnd@klappe2:~/git/flashbench$ sudo ./flashbench /dev/sdc --open-au --blocksize=$[2 * 8192] --erasesize=$[ 2 * 4096 * 1024] --open-au-nr=13 8MiB 16.4M/s 4MiB 16.6M/s 2MiB 14.4M/s 1MiB 13.1M/s 512KiB 10.4M/s 256KiB 6.55M/s 128KiB 3.87M/s ^C $ sudo ./flashbench /dev/sdc --open-au --blocksize=$[2 * 8192] --erasesize=$[4 * 4096 * 1024] --open-au-nr=12 16MiB 13.4M/s 8MiB 13.4M/s 4MiB 11.6M/s 2MiB 14.4M/s 1MiB 16.4M/s 512KiB 16.8M/s 256KiB 15M/s The results are still not conlusive, especially after doing more tests with --random. Will have to revisit.

15 years, 2 months

16 GB Patriot xporter XT Boost

by Arnd Bergmann

# this is a 16 GB Patriot xporter XT Boost USB flash drive, lsusb claim # 2 GB, but that is understandable $ lsusb Bus 001 Device 023: ID 13fe:3100 Kingston Technology Company Inc. 2 GB USB stick # The erase block size is clearly 8 MB, page size is not clear from this: $ sudo ./flashbench /dev/sdc -a --blocksize=1024 align 1610612736 pre 545µs on 872µs post 721µs diff 239µs align 1073741824 pre 527µs on 811µs post 659µs diff 218µs align 805306368 pre 547µs on 818µs post 673µs diff 208µs align 536870912 pre 536µs on 814µs post 664µs diff 214µs align 402653184 pre 548µs on 819µs post 666µs diff 212µs align 268435456 pre 541µs on 822µs post 673µs diff 215µs align 201326592 pre 548µs on 818µs post 658µs diff 215µs align 134217728 pre 547µs on 822µs post 651µs diff 223µs align 100663296 pre 554µs on 822µs post 654µs diff 218µs align 67108864 pre 540µs on 823µs post 662µs diff 222µs align 50331648 pre 528µs on 817µs post 644µs diff 231µs align 33554432 pre 557µs on 815µs post 672µs diff 200µs align 25165824 pre 543µs on 821µs post 680µs diff 209µs align 16777216 pre 548µs on 822µs post 675µs diff 211µs align 12582912 pre 666µs on 688µs post 660µs diff 25.3µs align 8388608 pre 543µs on 819µs post 656µs diff 219µs align 6291456 pre 658µs on 697µs post 663µs diff 36.3µs align 4194304 pre 651µs on 697µs post 656µs diff 44.2µs align 3145728 pre 668µs on 692µs post 672µs diff 21.7µs align 2097152 pre 660µs on 688µs post 673µs diff 21.2µs align 1572864 pre 664µs on 695µs post 666µs diff 30µs align 1048576 pre 669µs on 696µs post 659µs diff 32.2µs align 786432 pre 664µs on 697µs post 652µs diff 39.6µs align 524288 pre 670µs on 698µs post 656µs diff 35.1µs align 393216 pre 664µs on 697µs post 651µs diff 40µs align 262144 pre 661µs on 696µs post 667µs diff 32.6µs align 196608 pre 665µs on 695µs post 663µs diff 30.8µs align 131072 pre 657µs on 680µs post 666µs diff 18.7µs align 98304 pre 670µs on 684µs post 669µs diff 14.3µs align 65536 pre 663µs on 684µs post 660µs diff 22.3µs align 49152 pre 653µs on 895µs post 668µs diff 235µs align 32768 pre 664µs on 684µs post 669µs diff 17.7µs align 24576 pre 667µs on 685µs post 667µs diff 18.1µs align 16384 pre 652µs on 894µs post 659µs diff 239µs align 12288 pre 665µs on 685µs post 659µs diff 23.1µs align 8192 pre 653µs on 681µs post 669µs diff 20.2µs align 6144 pre 656µs on 683µs post 667µs diff 21.9µs align 4096 pre 663µs on 676µs post 672µs diff 8.79µs align 3072 pre 670µs on 670µs post 665µs diff 2.62µs align 2048 pre 661µs on 677µs post 658µs diff 17.1µs # Optimum I/O size is 64 KB, page size looks like 32 KB effective sudo ./flashbench --erasesize=$[8*1024*1024] --open-au --open-au-nr=3 /dev/sdc --blocksize=4096 8MiB 15M/s 4MiB 14.9M/s 2MiB 14.9M/s 1MiB 15.4M/s 512KiB 15.7M/s 256KiB 13.1M/s 128KiB 13.1M/s 64KiB 16.4M/s 32KiB 10.9M/s 16KiB 3.12M/s 8KiB 1.67M/s 4KiB 861K/s # six erase blocks is still fine $ sudo ./flashbench --erasesize=$[8*1024*1024] --open-au --open-au-nr=6 /dev/sdc 8MiB 15.3M/s 4MiB 14.6M/s 2MiB 14.2M/s 1MiB 14.9M/s 512KiB 15.4M/s 256KiB 13.5M/s 128KiB 12.3M/s 64KiB 16M/s 32KiB 10.6M/s 16KiB 3.16M/s # ten erase block not so, gradual decline hints at log-structured writes: $ sudo ./flashbench --erasesize=$[8*1024*1024] --open-au --open-au-nr=10 /dev/sdc 8MiB 14.8M/s 4MiB 12.9M/s 2MiB 10.5M/s 1MiB 6.79M/s 512KiB 4.25M/s ^C # get the stick into fast case again, by writing to it with six blocks: $ sudo ./flashbench --erasesize=$[8*1024*1024] --open-au --open-au-nr=6 /dev/sdc --blocksize=$[4 * 1024 * 1024] 8MiB 12.8M/s 4MiB 12.6M/s $ sudo ./flashbench --erasesize=$[8*1024*1024] --open-au --open-au-nr=6 /dev/sdc --blocksize=$[4 * 1024 * 1024] 8MiB 14.6M/s 4MiB 14.3M/s # seven block still ok: $ sudo ./flashbench --erasesize=$[8*1024*1024] --open-au --open-au-nr=7 /dev/sdc --blocksize=$[1 * 1024 * 1024] 8MiB 14.3M/s 4MiB 14.4M/s 2MiB 14M/s 1MiB 14.5M/s # eight blocks ok: $ sudo ./flashbench --erasesize=$[8*1024*1024] --open-au --open-au-nr=8 /dev/sdc --blocksize=$[32 * 1024] 8MiB 14.7M/s 4MiB 14.1M/s 2MiB 14.5M/s 1MiB 14.9M/s 512KiB 15M/s 256KiB 13.3M/s 128KiB 12M/s 64KiB 16.4M/s 32KiB 10.4M/s # nine blocks is where we hit the wall, though 16 KB and smaller is ok: $ sudo ./flashbench --erasesize=$[8*1024*1024] --open-au --open-au-nr=9 /dev/sdc --blocksize=$[32 * 1024] 8MiB 14.7M/s 4MiB 13.9M/s 2MiB 12.3M/s 1MiB 10M/s 512KiB 7.11M/s 256KiB 4.8M/s 128KiB 2.51M/s 64KiB 1.44M/s 32KiB 726K/s 16KiB 3.02M/s 8KiB 1.51M/s 4KiB 782K/s # resetting the device by writing 8 blocks again: $ sudo ./flashbench --erasesize=$[8*1024*1024] --open-au --open-au-nr=8 /dev/sdc --blocksize=$[4 * 1024 * 1024] 8MiB 14.6M/s 4MiB 14.6M/s # trying eight blocks with random access, the device copes ok, but not # perfect, another indication for log-structured: $ sudo ./flashbench --erasesize=$[8*1024*1024] --open-au --open-au-nr=8 /dev/sdc --blocksize=$[4 * 1024] --random 8MiB 15M/s 4MiB 11.6M/s 2MiB 8.3M/s 1MiB 7.84M/s 512KiB 5.3M/s 256KiB 6.53M/s 128KiB 4.79M/s 64KiB 7.37M/s 32KiB 6.69M/s 16KiB 3.08M/s 8KiB 1.55M/s 4KiB 787K/s # nine blocks random I/O: somewhat worse than 9 blocks linear, 16 KB # blocks are still as fast as always $ sudo ./flashbench --erasesize=$[8*1024*1024] --open-au --open-au-nr=9 /dev/sdc --blocksize=$[4 * 1024] --random 8MiB 14.6M/s 4MiB 11.3M/s 2MiB 7.05M/s 1MiB 4.74M/s 512KiB 3.21M/s 256KiB 1.8M/s 128KiB 1.13M/s 64KiB 694K/s 32KiB 376K/s 16KiB 2.96M/s 8KiB 1.45M/s 4KiB 739K/s # Looking for FAT optimizations, nothing there: $ sudo ./flashbench --erasesize=$[8*1024*1024] --findfat --fat-nr=4 /dev/sdc --blocksize=$[4 * 1024] --random 8MiB 15.2M/s 16.3M/s 14.3M/s 14.1M/s 4MiB 11.4M/s 11.4M/s 11.7M/s 12M/s 2MiB 8.32M/s 8.3M/s 8.32M/s 8.41M/s 1MiB 7.93M/s 7.93M/s 7.93M/s 7.89M/s 512KiB 5.34M/s 5.32M/s 5.33M/s 5.34M/s 256KiB 6.6M/s 6.51M/s 6.6M/s 6.59M/s 128KiB 4.85M/s 4.86M/s 4.85M/s 4.85M/s 64KiB 7.48M/s 7.51M/s 7.52M/s 7.48M/s 32KiB 6.79M/s 6.91M/s 6.96M/s 6.97M/s 16KiB 3.18M/s 3.19M/s 3.2M/s 3.2M/s 8KiB 1.61M/s 1.62M/s 1.62M/s 1.61M/s 4KiB 820K/s 819K/s 812K/s 818K/s Verdict: Decent algorithm, the stick assumes random writes when accessed with 16 KB blocks but linear writes for anything larger. Linear write performance good, even across many erase blocks.

15 years, 2 months

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