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644 discussions

Samsung Essential MB-SSBGA Class 10 SDHC 32GB

by Martin Steigerwald

Hi Arnd, hi everyone, I got the Samsung Essential 32 GB SDHC as well now: martin@merkaba:~[…]/flashbench> sudo ./flashreport /dev/mmcblk0 ===> MMC card detected with erase block size of 524288 bytes <=== ==> find /sys/block/mmcblk0/device/ -maxdepth 1 -type f | xargs head <== ==> /sys/block/mmcblk0/device/cid <== 1b534d3030303030107888d12300c100 ==> /sys/block/mmcblk0/device/csd <== 400e00325b590000e9e57f800a404000 ==> /sys/block/mmcblk0/device/scr <== 02b5800200000000 ==> /sys/block/mmcblk0/device/date <== 01/2012 ==> /sys/block/mmcblk0/device/name <== 00000 ==> /sys/block/mmcblk0/device/type <== SD ==> /sys/block/mmcblk0/device/preferred_erase_size <== 4194304 ==> /sys/block/mmcblk0/device/fwrev <== 0x0 ==> /sys/block/mmcblk0/device/hwrev <== 0x1 ==> /sys/block/mmcblk0/device/oemid <== 0x534d ==> /sys/block/mmcblk0/device/manfid <== 0x00001b ==> /sys/block/mmcblk0/device/serial <== 0x7888d123 ==> /sys/block/mmcblk0/device/uevent <== DRIVER=mmcblk MMC_TYPE=SD MMC_NAME=00000 MODALIAS=mmc:block ==> /sys/block/mmcblk0/device/erase_size <== 512 ==> fdisk -lu <== Disk /dev/mmcblk0: 31.4 GB, 31393316864 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 3816 cylinders, total 61315072 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x00000000 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/mmcblk0p1 8192 61315071 30653440 c W95 FAT32 (LBA) ==> sfdisk -d <== # partition table of /dev/mmcblk0 unit: sectors /dev/mmcblk0p1 : start= 8192, size= 61306880, Id= c /dev/mmcblk0p2 : start= 0, size= 0, Id= 0 /dev/mmcblk0p3 : start= 0, size= 0, Id= 0 /dev/mmcblk0p4 : start= 0, size= 0, Id= 0 ===> Partition details <=== ==> file -sk /dev/mmcblk0 <== /dev/mmcblk0: sticky x86 boot sector; partition 1: ID=0xc, starthead 130, startsector 8192, 61306880 sectors, extended partition table (last)\011, code offset 0x0 ==> file -sk /dev/mmcblk0p1 <== /dev/mmcblk0p1: sticky x86 boot sector, code offset 0x0, OEM-ID " ", sectors/cluster 64, reserved sectors 1420, Media descriptor 0xf8, heads 255, hidden sectors 8192, sectors 61306880 (volumes > 32 MB) , FAT (32 bit), sectors/FAT 7482, reserved3 0x800000, serial number 0x90164ef8, unlabeled ==> head -c20M | hexdump -C<== 00000000 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 |................| * 000001b0 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 82 |................| 000001c0 03 00 0c fe ff ff 00 20 00 00 00 78 a7 03 00 00 |....... ...x....| 000001d0 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 |................| * 000001f0 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 55 aa |..............U.| 00000200 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 |................| * 00400000 eb 00 90 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 00 02 40 8c 05 |... ..@..| 00400010 02 00 00 00 00 f8 00 00 3f 00 ff 00 00 20 00 00 |........?.... ..| 00400020 00 78 a7 03 3a 1d 00 00 00 00 00 00 02 00 00 00 |.x..:...........| 00400030 01 00 06 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 |................| 00400040 80 00 29 f8 4e 16 90 4e 4f 20 4e 41 4d 45 20 20 |..).N..NO NAME | 00400050 20 20 46 41 54 33 32 20 20 20 00 00 00 00 00 00 | FAT32 ......| 00400060 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 |................| * 004001f0 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 55 aa |..............U.| 00400200 52 52 61 41 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 |RRaA............| 00400210 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 |................| * 004003e0 00 00 00 00 72 72 41 61 ff ff ff ff 02 00 00 00 |....rrAa........| 004003f0 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 55 aa |..............U.| 00400400 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 |................| * 004005f0 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 55 aa |..............U.| 00400600 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 |................| * 00400c00 eb 00 90 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 00 02 40 8c 05 |... ..@..| 00400c10 02 00 00 00 00 f8 00 00 3f 00 ff 00 00 20 00 00 |........?.... ..| 00400c20 00 78 a7 03 3a 1d 00 00 00 00 00 00 02 00 00 00 |.x..:...........| 00400c30 01 00 06 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 |................| 00400c40 80 00 29 f8 4e 16 90 4e 4f 20 4e 41 4d 45 20 20 |..).N..NO NAME | 00400c50 20 20 46 41 54 33 32 20 20 20 00 00 00 00 00 00 | FAT32 ......| 00400c60 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 |................| * 00400df0 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 55 aa |..............U.| 00400e00 52 52 61 41 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 |RRaA............| 00400e10 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 |................| * 00400fe0 00 00 00 00 72 72 41 61 ff ff ff ff 02 00 00 00 |....rrAa........| 00400ff0 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 55 aa |..............U.| 00401000 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 |................| * 004011f0 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 55 aa |..............U.| 00401200 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 |................| * 004b1800 f8 ff ff 0f ff ff ff 0f ff ff ff 0f 00 00 00 00 |................| 004b1810 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 |................| * 00858c00 f8 ff ff 0f ff ff ff 0f ff ff ff 0f 00 00 00 00 |................| 00858c10 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 |................| * 00c08000 ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff |................| * 01400000 ===> Trying to find erase block size by read tests <=== ==> sudo flashbench -a --count=100 --blocksize=1024 /dev/mmcblk0 <== align 8589934592 pre 214µs on 219µs post 214µs diff 4.59µs align 4294967296 pre 214µs on 218µs post 214µs diff 3.9µs align 2147483648 pre 214µs on 218µs post 215µs diff 3.27µs align 1073741824 pre 215µs on 220µs post 214µs diff 5.32µs align 536870912 pre 213µs on 217µs post 213µs diff 3.99µs align 268435456 pre 216µs on 220µs post 215µs diff 4.51µs align 134217728 pre 213µs on 217µs post 213µs diff 3.51µs align 67108864 pre 215µs on 221µs post 216µs diff 5.56µs align 33554432 pre 213µs on 216µs post 213µs diff 2.97µs align 16777216 pre 215µs on 219µs post 214µs diff 4.73µs align 8388608 pre 231µs on 256µs post 234µs diff 23.7µs align 4194304 pre 246µs on 272µs post 235µs diff 32.1µs align 2097152 pre 237µs on 272µs post 243µs diff 31.7µs align 1048576 pre 246µs on 267µs post 229µs diff 29.7µs align 524288 pre 237µs on 273µs post 244µs diff 32.6µs align 262144 pre 246µs on 268µs post 230µs diff 29.7µs align 131072 pre 237µs on 273µs post 245µs diff 32.3µs align 65536 pre 246µs on 268µs post 229µs diff 30.5µs align 32768 pre 237µs on 274µs post 244µs diff 33.3µs align 16384 pre 237µs on 247µs post 235µs diff 10.7µs align 8192 pre 235µs on 236µs post 236µs diff 463ns align 4096 pre 236µs on 236µs post 236µs diff 223ns align 2048 pre 235µs on 236µs post 236µs diff 498ns (See README for an explaination on how to interpret the values.) Medium is a memory card which reports 524288 bytes as erase block size and 4194304 bytes as preferred erase size. ===> Suggestions for further benchmarking <=== Further tests can show the number of open erase blocks the medium can support. BEWARE: These tests write onto the device! Make a backup first! Further tests could look as follows: flashbench --open-au --open-au-nr=3 --erasesize=524288 --blocksize=1024 /dev/mmcblk0 --offset=$[24*1024*1024] flashbench --open-au --open-au-nr=5 --erasesize=524288 --blocksize=1024 /dev/mmcblk0 --offset=$[24*1024*1024] flashbench --open-au --open-au-nr=7 --erasesize=524288 --blocksize=1024 /dev/mmcblk0 --offset=$[24*1024*1024] flashbench --open-au --open-au-nr=13 --erasesize=524288 --blocksize=1024 /dev/mmcblk0 --offset=$[24*1024*1024] (Consult the README for further suggestions.) You already said that this card could be trickier. And frankly, I do not see a clear change at erase block size and erase block size boundaries. You tried a Micro SDHC Samsung with 32 GB with 30 and 31 open erase blocks. What is your suggestion here? Thanks, -- Martin 'Helios' Steigerwald - http://www.Lichtvoll.de GPG: 03B0 0D6C 0040 0710 4AFA B82F 991B EAAC A599 84C7

13 years, 2 months

Samsung Plus MB-SPAGFFP Class 10 SDHC 16GB

by Martin Steigerwald

Hi! My first results: martin@merkaba:~/Artikel/LinuxNewMedia/Flash/Recherche/flashbench> ./flashreport /dev/mmcblk0 ===> MMC card detected with erase block size of 524288 bytes <=== ==> find /sys/block/mmcblk0/device/ -maxdepth 1 -type f | xargs head <== ==> /sys/block/mmcblk0/device/cid <== 1b534d30303030301014a60ddf00b600 ==> /sys/block/mmcblk0/device/csd <== 400e00325b590000787d7f800a400000 ==> /sys/block/mmcblk0/device/scr <== 0235800000000000 ==> /sys/block/mmcblk0/device/date <== 06/2011 ==> /sys/block/mmcblk0/device/name <== 00000 ==> /sys/block/mmcblk0/device/type <== SD ==> /sys/block/mmcblk0/device/preferred_erase_size <== 4194304 ==> /sys/block/mmcblk0/device/fwrev <== 0x0 ==> /sys/block/mmcblk0/device/hwrev <== 0x1 ==> /sys/block/mmcblk0/device/oemid <== 0x534d ==> /sys/block/mmcblk0/device/manfid <== 0x00001b ==> /sys/block/mmcblk0/device/serial <== 0x14a60ddf ==> /sys/block/mmcblk0/device/uevent <== DRIVER=mmcblk MMC_TYPE=SD MMC_NAME=00000 MODALIAS=mmc:block ==> /sys/block/mmcblk0/device/erase_size <== 512 ==> fdisk -lu <== Disk /dev/mmcblk0: 16.2 GB, 16172187648 bytes 40 heads, 57 sectors/track, 13853 cylinders, total 31586304 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x00000000 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/mmcblk0p1 8192 31586303 15789056 c W95 FAT32 (LBA) ==> sfdisk -d <== # partition table of /dev/mmcblk0 unit: sectors /dev/mmcblk0p1 : start= 8192, size= 31578112, Id= c /dev/mmcblk0p2 : start= 0, size= 0, Id= 0 /dev/mmcblk0p3 : start= 0, size= 0, Id= 0 /dev/mmcblk0p4 : start= 0, size= 0, Id= 0 ===> Partition details <=== ==> file -sk /dev/mmcblk0 <== /dev/mmcblk0: sticky x86 boot sector; partition 1: ID=0xc, starthead 130, startsector 8192, 31578112 sectors, extended partition table (last)\011, code offset 0x0 ==> file -sk /dev/mmcblk0p1 <== /dev/mmcblk0p1: sticky x86 boot sector, code offset 0x0, OEM-ID " ", sectors/cluster 64, reserved sectors 484, Media descriptor 0xf8, heads 255, hidden sectors 8192, sectors 31578112 (volumes > 32 MB) , FAT (32 bit), sectors/FAT 3854, reserved3 0x800000, serial number 0xfc303da9, unlabeled ==> head -c20M | hexdump -C<== 00000000 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 |................| * 000001b0 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 82 |................| 000001c0 03 00 0c 27 f9 ae 00 20 00 00 00 d8 e1 01 00 00 |...'... ........| 000001d0 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 |................| * 000001f0 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 55 aa |..............U.| 00000200 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 |................| * 00400000 eb 00 90 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 00 02 40 e4 01 |... ..@..| 00400010 02 00 00 00 00 f8 00 00 3f 00 ff 00 00 20 00 00 |........?.... ..| 00400020 00 d8 e1 01 0e 0f 00 00 00 00 00 00 02 00 00 00 |................| 00400030 01 00 06 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 |................| 00400040 80 00 29 a9 3d 30 fc 4e 4f 20 4e 41 4d 45 20 20 |..).=0.NO NAME | 00400050 20 20 46 41 54 33 32 20 20 20 00 00 00 00 00 00 | FAT32 ......| 00400060 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 |................| * 004001f0 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 55 aa |..............U.| 00400200 52 52 61 41 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 |RRaA............| 00400210 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 |................| * 004003e0 00 00 00 00 72 72 41 61 ff ff ff ff 02 00 00 00 |....rrAa........| 004003f0 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 55 aa |..............U.| 00400400 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 |................| * 004005f0 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 55 aa |..............U.| 00400600 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 |................| * 00400c00 eb 00 90 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 00 02 40 e4 01 |... ..@..| 00400c10 02 00 00 00 00 f8 00 00 3f 00 ff 00 00 20 00 00 |........?.... ..| 00400c20 00 d8 e1 01 0e 0f 00 00 00 00 00 00 02 00 00 00 |................| 00400c30 01 00 06 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 |................| 00400c40 80 00 29 a9 3d 30 fc 4e 4f 20 4e 41 4d 45 20 20 |..).=0.NO NAME | 00400c50 20 20 46 41 54 33 32 20 20 20 00 00 00 00 00 00 | FAT32 ......| 00400c60 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 |................| * 00400df0 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 55 aa |..............U.| 00400e00 52 52 61 41 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 |RRaA............| 00400e10 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 |................| * 00400fe0 00 00 00 00 72 72 41 61 ff ff ff ff 02 00 00 00 |....rrAa........| 00400ff0 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 55 aa |..............U.| 00401000 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 |................| * 004011f0 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 55 aa |..............U.| 00401200 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 |................| * 0043c800 f8 ff ff 0f ff ff ff 0f ff ff ff 0f 00 00 00 00 |................| 0043c810 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 |................| * 0061e400 f8 ff ff 0f ff ff ff 0f ff ff ff 0f 00 00 00 00 |................| 0061e410 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 |................| * 01400000 ===> Trying to find erase block size by read tests <=== ==> sudo flashbench -a --count=100 --blocksize=1024 /dev/mmcblk0 <== align 4294967296 pre 959µs on 1.24ms post 1.11ms diff 204µs align 2147483648 pre 936µs on 1.29ms post 1.08ms diff 280µs align 1073741824 pre 975µs on 1.3ms post 1.1ms diff 261µs align 536870912 pre 847µs on 1.16ms post 1.11ms diff 187µs align 268435456 pre 853µs on 1.16ms post 1.11ms diff 179µs align 134217728 pre 851µs on 1.15ms post 1.11ms diff 169µs align 67108864 pre 854µs on 1.16ms post 1.1ms diff 182µs align 33554432 pre 863µs on 1.15ms post 1.1ms diff 174µs align 16777216 pre 848µs on 1.15ms post 1.11ms diff 173µs align 8388608 pre 854µs on 1.15ms post 1.11ms diff 168µs align 4194304 pre 826µs on 1.14ms post 1.1ms diff 181µs align 2097152 pre 821µs on 1.07ms post 1.08ms diff 114µs align 1048576 pre 823µs on 1.07ms post 1.08ms diff 119µs align 524288 pre 832µs on 1.08ms post 1.08ms diff 126µs align 262144 pre 829µs on 1.08ms post 1.09ms diff 118µs align 131072 pre 815µs on 1.08ms post 1.09ms diff 127µs align 65536 pre 817µs on 1.07ms post 1.07ms diff 129µs align 32768 pre 823µs on 1.08ms post 1.07ms diff 135µs align 16384 pre 841µs on 1.09ms post 1.09ms diff 123µs align 8192 pre 827µs on 1.1ms post 1.1ms diff 133µs align 4096 pre 980µs on 987µs post 945µs diff 24.6µs align 2048 pre 1.05ms on 1.05ms post 1.02ms diff 16µs (See README for an explaination on how to interpret the values.) \nMedium is a memory card which reports 524288 bytes as erase block size and 4194304 bytes as preferred erase size. ===> Suggestions for further benchmarking <=== Further tests can show the number of open erase blocks the medium can support. BEWARE: These tests write onto the device! Make a backup first! Further tests could look as follows: flashbench --open-au --open-au-nr=3 --erasesize=524288 --blocksize=1024 /dev/mmcblk0 --offset=$[24*1024*1024] flashbench --open-au --open-au-nr=5 --erasesize=524288 --blocksize=1024 /dev/mmcblk0 --offset=$[24*1024*1024] flashbench --open-au --open-au-nr=7 --erasesize=524288 --blocksize=1024 /dev/mmcblk0 --offset=$[24*1024*1024] flashbench --open-au --open-au-nr=13 --erasesize=524288 --blocksize=1024 /dev/mmcblk0 --offset=$[24*1024*1024] (Consult the README for further suggestions.) Arnd, would above suggestions by my script make some sense? I have seen you testing a 32 GB Samsung Micro SDHC with 30 and 31 erase blocks on this list. Please advice as to meaning ful tests for this device. What is the best for offset? I understand it makes sense for it to be dividable by erase block size. And what is about preferred erase size? What is the difference to erase block size? (Will post git repo for flashreport script in next post. Script is not yet tested for USB sticks :) Thanks, -- Martin 'Helios' Steigerwald - http://www.Lichtvoll.de GPG: 03B0 0D6C 0040 0710 4AFA B82F 991B EAAC A599 84C7

13 years, 2 months

DVR android 4.0 gps tablet

by Cngking

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13 years, 2 months

Asus Phison SSD

by Christian Brandt

The first is the 4GB SSD and the second is the 8GB SSD inside my EEE 901 netbook. These old SSDs seem to be from the dumper side of SSD market and behave more like dump flash with little controller interference. My guess for the 4GB SSD: erase size 1 Megabyte, page size 2048 Byte My guess for the 8GB SSD: erase size 2 Megabyte, page size 2048 Byte Both perform well with up to 9 au, though 8 give a little more speed. Now I would only need to know how to translate this into fitting stride/stripe values... root@Microknoppix:/tmp/flashbench-HEAD-2e30b19# ./flashbench -a /dev/sda --blocksize=1024 align 1073741824 pre 641µs on 792µs post 567µs diff 187µs align 536870912 pre 683µs on 851µs post 577µs diff 221µs align 268435456 pre 657µs on 847µs post 564µs diff 236µs align 134217728 pre 626µs on 794µs post 525µs diff 218µs align 67108864 pre 666µs on 836µs post 582µs diff 212µs align 33554432 pre 573µs on 732µs post 571µs diff 160µs align 16777216 pre 577µs on 738µs post 572µs diff 163µs align 8388608 pre 565µs on 740µs post 563µs diff 176µs align 4194304 pre 580µs on 735µs post 562µs diff 164µs align 2097152 pre 552µs on 706µs post 522µs diff 169µs align 1048576 pre 565µs on 734µs post 547µs diff 178µs align 524288 pre 548µs on 640µs post 542µs diff 94.7µs align 262144 pre 546µs on 639µs post 540µs diff 96.1µs align 131072 pre 547µs on 640µs post 541µs diff 96.1µs align 65536 pre 536µs on 629µs post 528µs diff 96.7µs align 32768 pre 535µs on 626µs post 526µs diff 95.6µs align 16384 pre 534µs on 627µs post 527µs diff 97.2µs align 8192 pre 558µs on 654µs post 554µs diff 98µs align 4096 pre 536µs on 633µs post 528µs diff 101µs align 2048 pre 549µs on 546µs post 550µs diff -3781ns root@Microknoppix:/tmp/flashbench-HEAD-2e30b19# ./flashbench -a /dev/sdb --blocksize=1024 align 2147483648 pre 740µs on 890µs post 628µs diff 207µs align 1073741824 pre 732µs on 898µs post 603µs diff 231µs align 536870912 pre 740µs on 913µs post 590µs diff 248µs align 268435456 pre 716µs on 890µs post 596µs diff 234µs align 134217728 pre 694µs on 858µs post 586µs diff 218µs align 67108864 pre 598µs on 771µs post 575µs diff 184µs align 33554432 pre 619µs on 788µs post 590µs diff 184µs align 16777216 pre 624µs on 791µs post 591µs diff 184µs align 8388608 pre 613µs on 776µs post 578µs diff 180µs align 4194304 pre 619µs on 781µs post 584µs diff 179µs align 2097152 pre 617µs on 782µs post 574µs diff 187µs align 1048576 pre 631µs on 756µs post 632µs diff 125µs align 524288 pre 634µs on 747µs post 634µs diff 113µs align 262144 pre 619µs on 717µs post 599µs diff 108µs align 131072 pre 603µs on 722µs post 601µs diff 120µs align 65536 pre 627µs on 748µs post 629µs diff 120µs align 32768 pre 619µs on 743µs post 628µs diff 119µs align 16384 pre 619µs on 736µs post 621µs diff 116µs align 8192 pre 622µs on 733µs post 617µs diff 114µs align 4096 pre 598µs on 721µs post 587µs diff 128µs align 2048 pre 596µs on 596µs post 598µs diff -1092ns -- Christian Brandt life is short and in most cases it ends with death but my tombstone will carry the hiscore

13 years, 2 months

Great deal from G&K.ing

by Cngking

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13 years, 3 months

samsung 32GB microSDHC class 10

by Arnd Bergmann

$ head /sys/block/mmcblk0/device/* ==> /sys/block/mmcblk0/device/cid <== 1b534d303030303010771d8e8000c900 ==> /sys/block/mmcblk0/device/csd <== 400e00325b590000e9e57f800a404000 ==> /sys/block/mmcblk0/device/date <== 09/2012 ==> /sys/block/mmcblk0/device/erase_size <== 512 ==> /sys/block/mmcblk0/device/fwrev <== 0x0 ==> /sys/block/mmcblk0/device/hwrev <== 0x1 ==> /sys/block/mmcblk0/device/manfid <== 0x00001b ==> /sys/block/mmcblk0/device/name <== 00000 ==> /sys/block/mmcblk0/device/oemid <== 0x534d ==> /sys/block/mmcblk0/device/preferred_erase_size <== 4194304 ==> /sys/block/mmcblk0/device/scr <== 02b5800200000000 ==> /sys/block/mmcblk0/device/serial <== 0x771d8e80 ==> /sys/block/mmcblk0/device/type <== SD ==> /sys/block/mmcblk0/device/uevent <== DRIVER=mmcblk MMC_TYPE=SD MMC_NAME=00000 MODALIAS=mmc:block $ sudo fdisk -lu /dev/mmcblk0 Disk /dev/mmcblk0: 31.4 GB, 31393316864 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 3816 cylinders, total 61315072 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x00000000 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/mmcblk0p1 8192 61315071 30653440 c W95 FAT32 (LBA) $ sudo hexdump -C /dev/mmcblk0 00000000 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 |................| * 000001b0 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 82 |................| 000001c0 03 00 0c fe ff ff 00 20 00 00 00 78 a7 03 00 00 |....... ...x....| 000001d0 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 |................| * 000001f0 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 55 aa |..............U.| 00000200 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 |................| * 00400000 eb 00 90 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 00 02 40 8c 05 |... ..@..| 00400010 02 00 00 00 00 f8 00 00 3f 00 ff 00 00 20 00 00 |........?.... ..| 00400020 00 78 a7 03 3a 1d 00 00 00 00 00 00 02 00 00 00 |.x..:...........| 00400030 01 00 06 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 |................| 00400040 80 00 29 f8 4e 16 90 4e 4f 20 4e 41 4d 45 20 20 |..).N..NO NAME | 00400050 20 20 46 41 54 33 32 20 20 20 00 00 00 00 00 00 | FAT32 ......| 00400060 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 |................| * 004001f0 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 55 aa |..............U.| 00400200 52 52 61 41 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 |RRaA............| 00400210 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 |................| * 004003e0 00 00 00 00 72 72 41 61 ff ff ff ff 02 00 00 00 |....rrAa........| 004003f0 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 55 aa |..............U.| 00400400 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 |................| * 004005f0 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 55 aa |..............U.| 00400600 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 |................| * 00400c00 eb 00 90 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 00 02 40 8c 05 |... ..@..| 00400c10 02 00 00 00 00 f8 00 00 3f 00 ff 00 00 20 00 00 |........?.... ..| 00400c20 00 78 a7 03 3a 1d 00 00 00 00 00 00 02 00 00 00 |.x..:...........| 00400c30 01 00 06 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 |................| 00400c40 80 00 29 f8 4e 16 90 4e 4f 20 4e 41 4d 45 20 20 |..).N..NO NAME | 00400c50 20 20 46 41 54 33 32 20 20 20 00 00 00 00 00 00 | FAT32 ......| 00400c60 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 |................| * 00400df0 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 55 aa |..............U.| 00400e00 52 52 61 41 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 |RRaA............| 00400e10 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 |................| * 00400fe0 00 00 00 00 72 72 41 61 ff ff ff ff 02 00 00 00 |....rrAa........| 00400ff0 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 55 aa |..............U.| 00401000 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 |................| * 004011f0 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 55 aa |..............U.| 00401200 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 |................| * 004b1800 f8 ff ff 0f ff ff ff 0f ff ff ff 0f 00 00 00 00 |................| 004b1810 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 |................| * 00858c00 f8 ff ff 0f ff ff ff 0f ff ff ff 0f 00 00 00 00 |................| 00858c10 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 |................| * 00c08000 ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff |................| * $ sudo ./flashbench --open-au --open-au-nr=31 --erasesize=$[512 * 1024] --blocksize=1024 /dev/mmcblk0 --offset=$[24*1024*1024] 512KiB 5.5M/s 256KiB 8.3M/s 128KiB 7.71M/s 64KiB 7.08M/s 32KiB 5.08M/s 16KiB 2.92M/s 8KiB 1.29M/s 4KiB 660K/s 2KiB 344K/s 1KiB 173K/s arnd@klappe2:~/git/flashbench$ sudo ./flashbench --open-au --open-au-nr=30 --erasesize=$[512 * 1024] --blocksize=1024 /dev/mmcblk0 --offset=$[24*1024*1024] 512KiB 9.2M/s 256KiB 8.42M/s 128KiB 8.4M/s 64KiB 9.05M/s 32KiB 7.38M/s 16KiB 4.67M/s 8KiB 3.68M/s 4KiB 2.58M/s 2KiB 1.52M/s 1KiB 874K/s $ sudo ./flashbench --open-au --open-au-nr=30 --erasesize=$[512 * 1024] --blocksize=1024 /dev/mmcblk0 --offset=$[24*1024*1024] --random 512KiB 8.78M/s 256KiB 7.82M/s 128KiB 8.93M/s 64KiB 8.68M/s 32KiB 6.95M/s 16KiB 4.85M/s 8KiB 2.41M/s 4KiB 1.3M/s 2KiB 649K/s

13 years, 3 months

8GB SanDisk Extreme SDHC

by Holger Bast

Hi there, I tested a brandnew 8GB SanDisk Extreme SDHC, class 10. erase block size: 4MB block size: ?? open erase blocks: 6 Bye, Holger ==> /sys/block/mmcblk0/device/block <== ==> /sys/block/mmcblk0/device/cid <== 035344534430384780310a033a00c100 ==> /sys/block/mmcblk0/device/csd <== 400e00325b5900003b377f800a404000 ==> /sys/block/mmcblk0/device/date <== 01/2012 ==> /sys/block/mmcblk0/device/driver <== ==> /sys/block/mmcblk0/device/erase_size <== 512 ==> /sys/block/mmcblk0/device/fwrev <== 0x0 ==> /sys/block/mmcblk0/device/hwrev <== 0x8 ==> /sys/block/mmcblk0/device/manfid <== 0x000003 ==> /sys/block/mmcblk0/device/name <== SD08G ==> /sys/block/mmcblk0/device/oemid <== 0x5344 ==> /sys/block/mmcblk0/device/power <== ==> /sys/block/mmcblk0/device/preferred_erase_size <== 4194304 ==> /sys/block/mmcblk0/device/scr <== 0235800100000000 ==> /sys/block/mmcblk0/device/serial <== 0x310a033a ==> /sys/block/mmcblk0/device/subsystem <== ==> /sys/block/mmcblk0/device/type <== SD ==> /sys/block/mmcblk0/device/uevent <== DRIVER=mmcblk MMC_TYPE=SD MMC_NAME=SD08G MODALIAS=mmc:block Original partition table: Disk /dev/sdd: 7948 MB, 7948206080 bytes 81 heads, 10 sectors/track, 19165 cylinders, total 15523840 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x00000000 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sdd1 8192 15523839 7757824 b W95 FAT32 ./flashbench -a /dev/sdc --blocksize=1024 align 2147483648 pre 1.06ms on 1.41ms post 1.13ms diff 317µs align 1073741824 pre 1.02ms on 1.39ms post 1.14ms diff 308µs align 536870912 pre 937µs on 1.36ms post 1.03ms diff 377µs align 268435456 pre 1.05ms on 1.4ms post 1.12ms diff 310µs align 134217728 pre 1.04ms on 1.41ms post 1.12ms diff 332µs align 67108864 pre 1.02ms on 1.38ms post 1.12ms diff 312µs align 33554432 pre 1.01ms on 1.43ms post 1.11ms diff 373µs align 16777216 pre 1.03ms on 1.4ms post 1.09ms diff 343µs align 8388608 pre 1.15ms on 1.57ms post 1.08ms diff 451µs align 4194304 pre 1.33ms on 1.73ms post 1.33ms diff 396µs align 2097152 pre 1.2ms on 1.21ms post 1.22ms diff 1.92µs align 1048576 pre 1.21ms on 1.22ms post 1.21ms diff 8.04µs align 524288 pre 1.2ms on 1.24ms post 1.22ms diff 30.4µs align 262144 pre 1.21ms on 1.22ms post 1.23ms diff 1.48µs align 131072 pre 1.21ms on 1.23ms post 1.22ms diff 9.99µs align 65536 pre 1.2ms on 1.22ms post 1.21ms diff 9.37µs align 32768 pre 1.21ms on 1.23ms post 1.2ms diff 25.5µs align 16384 pre 1.22ms on 1.23ms post 1.21ms diff 14.3µs align 8192 pre 1.22ms on 1.21ms post 1.22ms diff -10224n align 4096 pre 1.2ms on 1.2ms post 1.2ms diff 2.93µs align 2048 pre 1.22ms on 1.21ms post 1.23ms diff -16677n RANDOM TESTS ./flashbench /dev/sdc --open-au --erasesize=4194304 --blocksize=4096 --open-au-nr=1 --random 4MiB 20.5M/s 2MiB 20.3M/s 1MiB 19.8M/s 512KiB 6.35M/s 256KiB 2.37M/s 128KiB 1.16M/s 64KiB 662K/s 32KiB 312K/s 16KiB 257K/s 8KiB 1.66M/s 4KiB 913K/s ./flashbench /dev/sdc --open-au --erasesize=4194304 --blocksize=4096 --open-au-nr=2 --random 4MiB 20.2M/s 2MiB 20.3M/s 1MiB 20M/s 512KiB 6.43M/s 256KiB 2.38M/s 128KiB 1.16M/s 64KiB 662K/s 32KiB 312K/s 16KiB 236K/s 8KiB 1.61M/s 4KiB 880K/s ./flashbench /dev/sdc --open-au --erasesize=4194304 --blocksize=4096 --open-au-nr=3 --random 4MiB 20.2M/s 2MiB 20M/s 1MiB 19.9M/s 512KiB 6.45M/s 256KiB 2.37M/s 128KiB 1.16M/s 64KiB 662K/s 32KiB 313K/s 16KiB 254K/s 8KiB 1.58M/s 4KiB 865K/s ./flashbench /dev/sdc --open-au --erasesize=4194304 --blocksize=4096 --open-au-nr=4 --random 4MiB 20.4M/s 2MiB 20.3M/s 1MiB 20.1M/s 512KiB 6.38M/s 256KiB 2.38M/s 128KiB 1.16M/s 64KiB 662K/s 32KiB 312K/s 16KiB 245K/s 8KiB 1.58M/s 4KiB 864K/s ./flashbench /dev/sdc --open-au --erasesize=4194304 --blocksize=4096 --open-au-nr=5 --random 4MiB 20.4M/s 2MiB 20.2M/s 1MiB 20.2M/s 512KiB 6.44M/s 256KiB 2.37M/s 128KiB 1.16M/s 64KiB 662K/s 32KiB 312K/s 16KiB 264K/s 8KiB 1.58M/s 4KiB 864K/s ./flashbench /dev/sdc --open-au --erasesize=4194304 --blocksize=4096 --open-au-nr=6 --random 4MiB 20.4M/s 2MiB 20.2M/s 1MiB 20.1M/s 512KiB 6.38M/s 256KiB 2.37M/s 128KiB 1.16M/s 64KiB 662K/s 32KiB 312K/s 16KiB 241K/s 8KiB 1.52M/s 4KiB 856K/s ./flashbench /dev/sdc --open-au --erasesize=4194304 --blocksize=4096 --open-au-nr=7 --random 4MiB 20.4M/s 2MiB 11.1M/s 1MiB 4.4M/s 512KiB 2.06M/s 256KiB 2.24M/s 128KiB 1.15M/s 64KiB 661K/s 32KiB 311K/s 16KiB 259K/s 8KiB 1.45M/s 4KiB 858K/s ./flashbench /dev/sdc --open-au --erasesize=4194304 --blocksize=4096 --open-au-nr=8 --random 4MiB 20.4M/s 2MiB 11.2M/s 1MiB 4.37M/s 512KiB 2.05M/s 256KiB 1.01M/s 128KiB 499K/s 64KiB 249K/s 32KiB 125K/s 16KiB 278K/s 8KiB 1.4M/s 4KiB 862K/s LINEAR TESTS ./flashbench /dev/sdc --open-au --erasesize=4194304 --blocksize=4096 --open-au-nr=1 4MiB 20.2M/s 2MiB 20.3M/s 1MiB 20.4M/s 512KiB 20.3M/s 256KiB 20M/s 128KiB 19.1M/s 64KiB 19.2M/s 32KiB 16.9M/s 16KiB 13.9M/s 8KiB 9.94M/s 4KiB 7.07M/s ./flashbench /dev/sdc --open-au --erasesize=4194304 --blocksize=4096 --open-au-nr=2 4MiB 20.6M/s 2MiB 20.4M/s 1MiB 20.1M/s 512KiB 19.7M/s 256KiB 18.6M/s 128KiB 17M/s 64KiB 18M/s 32KiB 12.5M/s 16KiB 8.61M/s 8KiB 4.42M/s 4KiB 2.01M/s ./flashbench /dev/sdc --open-au --erasesize=4194304 --blocksize=4096 --open-au-nr=3 4MiB 20.5M/s 2MiB 20M/s 1MiB 20.2M/s 512KiB 19.6M/s 256KiB 18.6M/s 128KiB 16.9M/s 64KiB 18M/s 32KiB 12.4M/s 16KiB 8.5M/s 8KiB 3.97M/s 4KiB 1.98M/s ./flashbench /dev/sdc --open-au --erasesize=4194304 --blocksize=4096 --open-au-nr=4 4MiB 20.5M/s 2MiB 20.3M/s 1MiB 20M/s 512KiB 19.6M/s 256KiB 18.5M/s 128KiB 16.9M/s 64KiB 18M/s 32KiB 12.3M/s 16KiB 8.54M/s 8KiB 4.38M/s 4KiB 1.97M/s ./flashbench /dev/sdc --open-au --erasesize=4194304 --blocksize=4096 --open-au-nr=5 4MiB 20.5M/s 2MiB 20.2M/s 1MiB 20M/s 512KiB 19.6M/s 256KiB 18.5M/s 128KiB 16.9M/s 64KiB 18M/s 32KiB 12.4M/s 16KiB 8.52M/s 8KiB 4.11M/s 4KiB 1.96M/s ./flashbench /dev/sdc --open-au --erasesize=4194304 --blocksize=4096 --open-au-nr=6 4MiB 20.6M/s 2MiB 20.3M/s 1MiB 20.1M/s 512KiB 19.6M/s 256KiB 18.6M/s 128KiB 16.9M/s 64KiB 17.9M/s 32KiB 12.3M/s 16KiB 8.48M/s 8KiB 4.13M/s 4KiB 2.04M/s ./flashbench /dev/sdc --open-au --erasesize=4194304 --blocksize=4096 --open-au-nr=7 4MiB 20.3M/s 2MiB 11.5M/s 1MiB 4.41M/s 512KiB 2.06M/s 256KiB 9.22M/s 128KiB 16.9M/s 64KiB 18.1M/s 32KiB 12.3M/s 16KiB 8.48M/s 8KiB 4.16M/s 4KiB 1.95M/s ./flashbench /dev/sdc --open-au --erasesize=4194304 --blocksize=4096 --open-au-nr=8 4MiB 20.4M/s 2MiB 11.7M/s 1MiB 4.4M/s 512KiB 2.06M/s 256KiB 1.01M/s 128KiB 499K/s 64KiB 249K/s 32KiB 125K/s 16KiB 973K/s 8KiB 453K/s 4KiB 411K/s ./flashbench /dev/sdc -f --erasesize=4194304 4MiB 19.7M/s 18.9M/s 20.3M/s 20.4M/s 20M/s 20.3M/s 2MiB 20.5M/s 18.9M/s 19.8M/s 20.6M/s 20.2M/s 20.6M/s 1MiB 20.4M/s 19M/s 20.1M/s 20.2M/s 20.5M/s 20.2M/s 512KiB 20.3M/s 19.2M/s 19.8M/s 20.2M/s 20.2M/s 20.2M/s 256KiB 19.9M/s 18.9M/s 19.4M/s 19.8M/s 19.6M/s 19.6M/s 128KiB 19M/s 17.9M/s 18.7M/s 18.9M/s 19.1M/s 18.8M/s 64KiB 18.9M/s 17.9M/s 18.2M/s 18.9M/s 18.9M/s 18.9M/s 32KiB 16.7M/s 15.9M/s 16.5M/s 16.6M/s 16.5M/s 16.5M/s 16KiB 13.8M/s 13.1M/s 13.9M/s 13.6M/s 13.7M/s 13.6M/s

13 years, 3 months

8GB no-name class4 mini-SDHC

by Holger Bast

Hi again, I've tested another SDHC card. But this time it was a class-4 mini-SDHC with 8GB. The card is a very cheap one from the German drugstore DM. (No, usually I do not buy my electronics in drugstores ;-) - just a backup card.) Ok, here are the results. I'm not sure, if my interpretation of them is right. I've read, that the choice of the underlaying filesystem depends on the amount of open erase blocks. Is there any rule of best practice for choosing the right filesystem for a particular sd card? Some feedback would be nice! Bye, Holger $ fdisk -l /dev/sdc Disk /dev/sdc: 7948 MB, 7948206080 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 966 cylinders, total 15523840 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x00000000 $ ./flashbench -a /dev/sdc --blocksize=1024 align 2147483648 pre 825µs on 1.19ms post 851µs diff 347µs align 1073741824 pre 841µs on 1.18ms post 830µs diff 341µs align 536870912 pre 821µs on 1.14ms post 779µs diff 341µs align 268435456 pre 842µs on 1.18ms post 818µs diff 346µs align 134217728 pre 832µs on 1.16ms post 799µs diff 346µs align 67108864 pre 860µs on 1.16ms post 822µs diff 321µs align 33554432 pre 832µs on 1.15ms post 802µs diff 331µs align 16777216 pre 783µs on 1.16ms post 824µs diff 359µs align 8388608 pre 807µs on 1.1ms post 781µs diff 303µs align 4194304 pre 817µs on 1.14ms post 786µs diff 340µs align 2097152 pre 847µs on 924µs post 791µs diff 105µs align 1048576 pre 791µs on 935µs post 807µs diff 136µs align 524288 pre 826µs on 906µs post 823µs diff 81.9µs align 262144 pre 810µs on 926µs post 826µs diff 108µs align 131072 pre 832µs on 913µs post 801µs diff 96.5µs align 65536 pre 819µs on 922µs post 830µs diff 97.2µs align 32768 pre 831µs on 941µs post 807µs diff 122µs align 16384 pre 772µs on 918µs post 820µs diff 122µs align 8192 pre 798µs on 845µs post 837µs diff 27µs align 4096 pre 794µs on 823µs post 806µs diff 22.2µs align 2048 pre 836µs on 850µs post 801µs diff 31.7µs ## Looks like 4MB erase blocksize and 16KB page size?? $ ./flashbench /dev/sdc --open-au --erasesize=$[4*1024*1024] --blocksize=$[4*1024] --random --open-au-nr=1 4MiB 5.41M/s 2MiB 8.97M/s 1MiB 5.98M/s 512KiB 17.1M/s 256KiB 10.9M/s 128KiB 4.25M/s 64KiB 2.13M/s 32KiB 1.06M/s 16KiB 545K/s 8KiB 2.07M/s 4KiB 1.76M/s $ ./flashbench /dev/sdc --open-au --erasesize=$[4*1024*1024] --blocksize=$[4*1024] --random --open-au-nr=2 4MiB 8.21M/s 2MiB 5.75M/s 1MiB 18.5M/s 512KiB 16.8M/s 256KiB 10.7M/s 128KiB 4.26M/s 64KiB 2.11M/s 32KiB 1.06M/s 16KiB 545K/s 8KiB 2.05M/s 4KiB 1.69M/s $ ./flashbench /dev/sdc --open-au --erasesize=$[4*1024*1024] --blocksize=$[4*1024] --random --open-au-nr=3 4MiB 9.18M/s 2MiB 19.1M/s 1MiB 18.7M/s 512KiB 16.5M/s 256KiB 10.8M/s 128KiB 4.23M/s 64KiB 2.11M/s 32KiB 1.06M/s 16KiB 544K/s 8KiB 1.99M/s 4KiB 1.67M/s $./flashbench /dev/sdc --open-au --erasesize=$[4*1024*1024] --blocksize=$[4*1024] --random --open-au-nr=4 4MiB 10.6M/s 2MiB 19.3M/s 1MiB 18.6M/s 512KiB 16.6M/s 256KiB 10.9M/s 128KiB 4.24M/s 64KiB 2.11M/s 32KiB 1.06M/s 16KiB 544K/s 8KiB 1.86M/s 4KiB 1.53M/s $ ./flashbench /dev/sdc --open-au --erasesize=$[4*1024*1024] --blocksize=$[4*1024] --random --open-au-nr=5 4MiB 6.1M/s 2MiB 6.68M/s 1MiB 4.39M/s 512KiB 2.96M/s 256KiB 1.95M/s 128KiB 1.02M/s 64KiB 570K/s 32KiB 334K/s 16KiB 167K/s 8KiB 1M/s 4KiB 1.14M/s $ ./flashbench /dev/sdc --open-au --erasesize=$[4*1024*1024] --blocksize=$[4*1024] --random --open-au-nr=6 4MiB 7.5M/s 2MiB 4.69M/s 1MiB 3.38M/s 512KiB 2.02M/s 256KiB 1.22M/s 128KiB 688K/s 64KiB 406K/s ^C ## Looks like 4. $./flashbench /dev/sdc -f --erasesize=$[4*1024*1024] 4MiB 4.11M/s 17.4M/s 16.9M/s 5.62M/s 5.18M/s 5.2M/s 2MiB 5.02M/s 17.6M/s 17.2M/s 5.32M/s 5.03M/s 5.21M/s 1MiB 5.28M/s 17.2M/s 17.2M/s 5.53M/s 5.21M/s 5M/s 512KiB 5.04M/s 17.4M/s 5.07M/s 5.21M/s 5.27M/s 5.01M/s 256KiB 5.19M/s 17.1M/s 5.02M/s 5.21M/s 5.02M/s 5.21M/s 128KiB 2.35M/s 16.6M/s 4.96M/s 5.22M/s 4.99M/s 5.18M/s 64KiB 4.98M/s 16.6M/s 5.21M/s 4.91M/s 4.97M/s 5.21M/s 32KiB 2.31M/s 14.8M/s 5.11M/s 4.92M/s 5.12M/s 5.2M/s 16KiB 4.81M/s 12.4M/s 5.07M/s 5M/s 5M/s 4.82M/s ## Looks like the second and the third block were faster than the others.

13 years, 4 months

32GB Transcend SDHC

by Holger Bast

Hi, I'm new to the topic of flash benchmarking. I came across reading several articles about this topic, like these in the German Linux Magazin, issue 07/12 and Arnd's linked article on lwn. I'm currently playing around with a Raspberry Pi that needs a SD card to boot from. (first partition FAT32 for the kernel, second something like ext3/ext4 for the rootfs). I would like to get the 'best' perfomance out of it, so I also had a look at the flashbench tool. I made some tests with my 32GB Transcend SDHC card and found out, that the card has a 8MB erase block size and 8KB pages and can handle up to 5 open-au's. (results are listed below) So what next? The next step for me is to find out, how to align the partitions correctly. I already talked to Andrew (thx! I was wrong with the erase block size.) who send me the following link that points to a script that creates two partitions and aligns them correctly. Is there anything else I can do? ...or am I wrong? Bye, Holger -- $ fdisk -l /dev/sdc Disk /dev/sdc: 32.5 GB, 32462864384 bytes 64 Köpfe, 32 Sektoren/Spur, 30959 Zylinder, zusammen 63404032 Sektoren Einheiten = Sektoren von 1 × 512 = 512 Bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x000c0bcb $ ./flashbench -a /dev/sdc --blocksize=1024 align 8589934592 pre 1.04ms on 1.59ms post 1.32ms diff 402µs align 4294967296 pre 1.04ms on 1.67ms post 1.33ms diff 485µs align 2147483648 pre 1.03ms on 1.64ms post 1.31ms diff 468µs align 1073741824 pre 1.02ms on 1.48ms post 1.33ms diff 309µs align 536870912 pre 1.02ms on 1.5ms post 1.35ms diff 320µs align 268435456 pre 1.02ms on 1.49ms post 1.28ms diff 338µs align 134217728 pre 1.02ms on 1.49ms post 1.34ms diff 314µs align 67108864 pre 1.04ms on 1.48ms post 1.27ms diff 332µs align 33554432 pre 1.01ms on 1.5ms post 1.32ms diff 330µs align 16777216 pre 1.04ms on 1.5ms post 1.28ms diff 347µs align 8388608 pre 995µs on 1.51ms post 1.31ms diff 354µs align 4194304 pre 1.02ms on 1.35ms post 1.3ms diff 189µs align 2097152 pre 1.05ms on 1.39ms post 1.31ms diff 209µs align 1048576 pre 1.04ms on 1.37ms post 1.29ms diff 203µs align 524288 pre 1.02ms on 1.36ms post 1.32ms diff 192µs align 262144 pre 1.01ms on 1.33ms post 1.31ms diff 176µs align 131072 pre 1.03ms on 1.35ms post 1.31ms diff 182µs align 65536 pre 1.01ms on 1.33ms post 1.26ms diff 195µs align 32768 pre 1.04ms on 1.37ms post 1.29ms diff 203µs align 16384 pre 1.04ms on 1.36ms post 1.28ms diff 204µs align 8192 pre 1.02ms on 1.3ms post 1.27ms diff 154µs align 4096 pre 1.17ms on 1.16ms post 1.11ms diff 22.6µs align 2048 pre 1.25ms on 1.24ms post 1.2ms diff 20.2µs ## For me it looks like 8MB erase block size and a 8KB page size. With that in mind, I made the following tests: $ ./flashbench /dev/sdc --open-au --erasesize=$[8*1024*1024] --blocksize=$[8*1024] --open-au-nr=3 --random 8MiB 17M/s 4MiB 17.2M/s 2MiB 16.5M/s 1MiB 15.9M/s 512KiB 15M/s 256KiB 13.1M/s 128KiB 10.7M/s 64KiB 10.9M/s 32KiB 7.84M/s 16KiB 4.87M/s 8KiB 1.79M/s $ ./flashbench /dev/sdc --open-au --erasesize=$[8*1024*1024] --blocksize=$[8*1024] --open-au-nr=4 --random 8MiB 17.4M/s 4MiB 17.1M/s 2MiB 16.8M/s 1MiB 16M/s 512KiB 15M/s 256KiB 13.4M/s 128KiB 10.8M/s 64KiB 10.9M/s 32KiB 7.89M/s 16KiB 4.87M/s 8KiB 1.79M/s $ ./flashbench /dev/sdc --open-au --erasesize=$[8*1024*1024] --blocksize=$[8*1024] --open-au-nr=5 --random 8MiB 10.3M/s 4MiB 17.1M/s 2MiB 16.7M/s 1MiB 16.2M/s 512KiB 15M/s 256KiB 13.3M/s 128KiB 10.9M/s 64KiB 11M/s 32KiB 7.95M/s 16KiB 4.48M/s 8KiB 1.8M/s $ ./flashbench /dev/sdc --open-au --erasesize=$[8*1024*1024] --blocksize=$[8*1024] --open-au-nr=6 --random 8MiB 13.4M/s 4MiB 4.27M/s 2MiB 2.26M/s 1MiB 1.2M/s 512KiB 621K/s ^C ## And this looks like 5 open-au in random mode. $ ./flashbench /dev/sdc -f --erasesize=$[8*1024*1024] 8MiB 17.2M/s 17.8M/s 17.1M/s 17.8M/s 17.5M/s 17.5M/s 4MiB 16.9M/s 17.7M/s 17M/s 17.8M/s 17.5M/s 17.5M/s 2MiB 16.8M/s 17.6M/s 17M/s 17.6M/s 17.5M/s 17.4M/s 1MiB 16.7M/s 17.6M/s 17M/s 17.5M/s 17.4M/s 17.5M/s 512KiB 16.6M/s 17.2M/s 17.4M/s 17.1M/s 16.9M/s 16.5M/s 256KiB 16.4M/s 17M/s 17.2M/s 16.9M/s 16.6M/s 16.6M/s 128KiB 16.5M/s 16.2M/s 16.6M/s 16.3M/s 16.1M/s 16.1M/s 64KiB 16.5M/s 17.1M/s 16.4M/s 17.2M/s 17M/s 17M/s 32KiB 15.4M/s 16.3M/s 15.5M/s 16.1M/s 16M/s 16.1M/s 16KiB 13M/s 13.5M/s 13.2M/s 13.5M/s 13.5M/s 13.5M/s

13 years, 4 months

Transcend JetFlash 500 32GB USB Flash Drive

by Jaroslav Martínek

Hello again, I have another device to test: # Product info: http://www.transcend-info.com/Products/CatList.asp?ModNo=274 $ lsusb Bus 001 Device 006: ID 8564:1000 $ fdisk -l /dev/sdb Disk /dev/sdb: 32.5 GB, 32451330048 bytes 16 heads, 48 sectors/track, 82528 cylinders, total 63381504 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0xc3072e18 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sdb1 * 18160 63381503 31681672 c W95 FAT32 (LBA) # This is with factory partitioning $ sudo flashbench -a /dev/sdb --blocksize=1024 --count=100 align 8589934592 pre 528µs on 603µs post 547µs diff 65.8µs align 4294967296 pre 523µs on 575µs post 522µs diff 52.5µs align 2147483648 pre 550µs on 635µs post 551µs diff 84.2µs align 1073741824 pre 573µs on 640µs post 565µs diff 71.2µs align 536870912 pre 543µs on 608µs post 562µs diff 55.3µs align 268435456 pre 536µs on 574µs post 530µs diff 40.9µs align 134217728 pre 558µs on 607µs post 549µs diff 53.1µs align 67108864 pre 532µs on 577µs post 515µs diff 53.6µs align 33554432 pre 568µs on 629µs post 561µs diff 64.6µs align 16777216 pre 536µs on 598µs post 533µs diff 63.4µs align 8388608 pre 556µs on 619µs post 556µs diff 62.7µs align 4194304 pre 566µs on 620µs post 539µs diff 67.5µs align 2097152 pre 565µs on 604µs post 567µs diff 38µs align 1048576 pre 568µs on 606µs post 567µs diff 38.7µs align 524288 pre 563µs on 602µs post 562µs diff 39.7µs align 262144 pre 567µs on 596µs post 551µs diff 37.5µs align 131072 pre 564µs on 594µs post 553µs diff 35.6µs align 65536 pre 553µs on 594µs post 563µs diff 35.3µs align 32768 pre 555µs on 596µs post 563µs diff 36.6µs align 16384 pre 557µs on 595µs post 566µs diff 33.4µs align 8192 pre 561µs on 572µs post 553µs diff 15.1µs align 4096 pre 556µs on 566µs post 565µs diff 6.04µs align 2048 pre 553µs on 565µs post 568µs diff 4.85µs # Okay, I think this indicates 4MB erase blocks (and 16kB page size), so let's try it with open AUs $ sudo flashbench /dev/sdb --open-au --erasesize=$[4*1024*1024] -- blocksize=$[4*1024] --open-au-nr=1 --random 4MiB 17.7M/s 2MiB 17.8M/s 1MiB 17.8M/s 512KiB 2.49M/s 256KiB 17.2M/s 128KiB 16M/s 64KiB 13M/s 32KiB 2.19M/s 16KiB 6.37M/s 8KiB 2.54M/s 4KiB 825K/s $ sudo flashbench /dev/sdb --open-au --erasesize=$[4*1024*1024] -- blocksize=$[4*1024] --open-au-nr=4 --random Password: 4MiB 17.5M/s 2MiB 17.3M/s 1MiB 4.29M/s 512KiB 4.31M/s 256KiB 16.5M/s 128KiB 14.4M/s 64KiB 4M/s 32KiB 3.42M/s 16KiB 5.74M/s 8KiB 1.68M/s 4KiB 785K/s $ sudo flashbench /dev/sdb --open-au --erasesize=$[4*1024*1024] -- blocksize=$[4*1024] --open-au-nr=6 --random 4MiB 17.5M/s 2MiB 17M/s 1MiB 3.47M/s 512KiB 16.5M/s 256KiB 16.4M/s 128KiB 13M/s 64KiB 3.24M/s 32KiB 8.26M/s 16KiB 5.68M/s 8KiB 1.3M/s 4KiB 786K/s # Seems OK so far, but the speed randomly drops under different sizes between tests, sometimes it's a bit shaky like this: $ sudo flashbench /dev/sdb --open-au --erasesize=$[4*1024*1024] -- blocksize=$[4*1024] --open-au-nr=6 --random 4MiB 5.8M/s 2MiB 17.3M/s 1MiB 3.47M/s 512KiB 15.9M/s 256KiB 5.52M/s 128KiB 12.8M/s 64KiB 3.24M/s 32KiB 8.19M/s 16KiB 3.43M/s 8KiB 1.52M/s 4KiB 775K/s # Does this indicate something or it's just device's feature? # With more open AUs it's slow, also with bigger erase size $ sudo flashbench /dev/sdb --open-au --erasesize=$[4*1024*1024] -- blocksize=$[4*1024] --open-au-nr=7 --random 4MiB 2.51M/s 2MiB 1.37M/s 1MiB 711K/s 512KiB 362K/s ^C # Here it's clear... $ sudo flashbench /dev/sdb --open-au --erasesize=$[8*1024*1024] -- blocksize=$[4*1024] --open-au-nr=6 --random 8MiB 5.93M/s 4MiB 4.38M/s 2MiB 17.4M/s 1MiB 4.34M/s 512KiB 16M/s 256KiB 4.21M/s 128KiB 13.8M/s 64KiB 3.97M/s 32KiB 8.26M/s 16KiB 2.88M/s # But here I'm not sure, I think it should me much slower if the erase size is 4MB, becouse it would use two erase blocks. So maybe erase size is bigger than 4MB?

13 years, 4 months

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