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by Peter Yang

12 years, 7 months

PNY Attache Micro Sleek 8GB USB Flash Drive

by Ahau ＠porteus.org

Hi, I grabbed a new flash drive yesterday, so I'm trying to sort out the eraseblock size to format it properly. I grabbed this one because it was on sale and has a small form factor. I'm planning to format half of it as swap so that I can plug it in to my tegra 2 tablet while compiling software that requires additional RAM (seamonkey and firefox at least require extra RAM for linking libxul and I don't want to swap a lot on my internal flash or sdcard). Anyway, here's what I got from fdisk and flashbench: Disk /dev/sdc: 8166 MB, 8166703104 bytes 256 heads, 63 sectors/track, 989 cylinders, total 15950592 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0xc3072e18 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sdc1 * 56 15950591 7975268 c W95 FAT32 (LBA) root@porteus:~/Downloads/flashbench-2e30b19# ./flashbench -a /dev/sdc --blocksize=1024 align 2147483648 pre 494µs on 491µs post 494µs diff -2812ns align 1073741824 pre 487µs on 491µs post 491µs diff 1.68µs align 536870912 pre 491µs on 492µs post 493µs diff 204ns align 268435456 pre 507µs on 528µs post 511µs diff 19.4µs align 134217728 pre 507µs on 526µs post 510µs diff 17.5µs align 67108864 pre 508µs on 524µs post 505µs diff 17.8µs align 33554432 pre 508µs on 547µs post 507µs diff 39.3µs align 16777216 pre 494µs on 510µs post 494µs diff 16.5µs align 8388608 pre 511µs on 531µs post 508µs diff 21.6µs align 4194304 pre 505µs on 530µs post 507µs diff 24µs align 2097152 pre 507µs on 526µs post 508µs diff 17.8µs align 1048576 pre 509µs on 534µs post 513µs diff 22.9µs align 524288 pre 508µs on 529µs post 507µs diff 21.5µs align 262144 pre 508µs on 527µs post 508µs diff 19µs align 131072 pre 510µs on 525µs post 512µs diff 13.9µs align 65536 pre 511µs on 531µs post 512µs diff 19.1µs align 32768 pre 509µs on 530µs post 506µs diff 22.1µs align 16384 pre 506µs on 531µs post 507µs diff 24.4µs align 8192 pre 505µs on 509µs post 511µs diff 1.13µs align 4096 pre 506µs on 509µs post 504µs diff 4.08µs align 2048 pre 509µs on 508µs post 506µs diff 882ns root@porteus:~/Downloads/flashbench-2e30b19# ./flashbench -O --erasesize=$[4 * 1024 * 1024] --blocksize=$[256 * 1024] /dev/sdc 4MiB 26.1M/s 2MiB 22.6M/s 1MiB 22.9M/s 512KiB 21M/s 256KiB 19.9M/s root@porteus:~/Downloads/flashbench-2e30b19# ./flashbench -O --erasesize=$[4 * 1024 * 1024] --blocksize=$[256 * 1024] /dev/sdc --open-au-nr=2 4MiB 22.8M/s 2MiB 22.8M/s 1MiB 22.8M/s 512KiB 21.7M/s 256KiB 19.8M/s root@porteus:~/Downloads/flashbench-2e30b19# ./flashbench -O --erasesize=$[4 * 1024 * 1024] --blocksize=$[256 * 1024] /dev/sdc --open-au-nr=3 4MiB 10.4M/s 2MiB 10.2M/s 1MiB 23.3M/s 512KiB 21.2M/s 256KiB 20.2M/s root@porteus:~/Downloads/flashbench-2e30b19# ./flashbench -O --erasesize=$[4 * 1024 * 1024] --blocksize=$[256 * 1024] /dev/sdc --open-au-nr=4 4MiB 4.28M/s 2MiB 2.05M/s 1MiB 2.94M/s 512KiB 2.56M/s 256KiB 2.97M/s root@porteus:~/Downloads/flashbench-2e30b19# root@porteus:/mnt/sdb2/flashbench-2e30b19# ./flashbench -O --erasesize=$[2 * 1024 * 1024] --blocksize=$[256 * 1024] /dev/sdc --open-au-nr=4 --random 2MiB 2.19M/s 1MiB 1.29M/s 512KiB 1.75M/s ^C^[[A root@porteus:/mnt/sdb2/flashbench-2e30b19# ./flashbench -O --erasesize=$[4 * 1024 * 1024] --blocksize=$[256 * 1024] /dev/sdc --open-au-nr=4 --random 4MiB 2.53M/s 2MiB 2.11M/s 1MiB 2.97M/s 512KiB 2.6M/s 256KiB 1.44M/s root@porteus:/mnt/sdb2/flashbench-2e30b19# ./flashbench -O --erasesize=$[4 * 1024 * 1024] --blocksize=$[256 * 1024] /dev/sdc --open-au-nr=3 --random 4MiB 4.27M/s 2MiB 6.6M/s 1MiB 10.6M/s 512KiB 6.56M/s 256KiB 10.1M/s root@porteus:/mnt/sdb2/flashbench-2e30b19# ./flashbench -O --erasesize=$[4 * 1024 * 1024] --blocksize=$[256 * 1024] /dev/sdc --open-au-nr=2 --random 4MiB 4.9M/s 2MiB 8.12M/s 1MiB 8.43M/s 512KiB 4.91M/s 256KiB 21.5M/s root@porteus:/mnt/sdb2/flashbench-2e30b19# ./flashbench -O --erasesize=$[4 * 1024 * 1024] --blocksize=$[256 * 1024] /dev/sdc --open-au-nr=1 --random 4MiB 5.1M/s 2MiB 4.82M/s 1MiB 26.7M/s 512KiB 5.01M/s 256KiB 4.72M/s root@porteus:/mnt/sdb2/flashbench-2e30b19# I had a hard time determining the eraseblock size from the '-a' test; the numbers seemed to keep jumping around on me. I assumed that I was dealing with 4mb eraseblocks (but was kind of a guess on my part, since most of my other devices are 4mb), and testing the open-au's seemed to confirm this (in my mind anyway) as going to 8, 16, or 32 MB erasesizes slowed down quite a bit, even with only one au. I'd consider myself a novice at all of this; if you'd like me to run some additional testing with different parameters, just let me know. For now, I'm assuming 4mb eraseblocks, with no offset (not sure how to confirm that), 16kb page size, with 2 linear and 2 or 3 random au's. Thanks!

12 years, 7 months

Fwd: What are the right fdisk and mkfs.ext4 settings for SanDisk SDSDU-032G-A11?

by Maciej Sieczka

Hello, I've got this SanDisk 32GB SDSDU-032G-A11 uSDHC card [1]. [2] summarizes its features as Allocation Unit = 12 MB, Write Size = 64 KB, Page Size = 16 KB, FAT Location = 4-12 MB. Can you please tell me how these translate into fdisk and mkfs.ext4 settings to format the card as a single ext4 partition having an optimal performance and wear? Regards, Maciek [1] http://lists.linaro.org/pipermail/flashbench-results/2012-June/000303.html [2] https://wiki.linaro.org/WorkingGroups/KernelArchived/Projects/FlashCardSurv… -- Maciej Sieczka http://www.sieczka.org

12 years, 8 months

Samsung 8GB CLASS 6 SDHC "MB-SS8GA"

by Csordás Csaba Ifj.

Hi, here are my results. I only have an external card reader. fdisk -l /dev/disk/by-id/usb-Generic-_SD_MMC_20070818000000000-0\:2 Disk /dev/disk/by-id/usb-Generic-_SD_MMC_20070818000000000-0:2: 7964 MB, 7964983296 bytes 246 heads, 62 sectors/track, 1019 cylinders, total 15556608 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0xa3b9f812 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System # flashbench -a /dev/disk/by-id/usb-Generic-_SD_MMC_20070818000000000-0\:2 --blocksize=1024 align 2147483648 pre 1.49ms on 2.26ms post 1.8ms diff 616µs align 1073741824 pre 1.56ms on 2.24ms post 1.71ms diff 607µs align 536870912 pre 1.54ms on 2.19ms post 1.76ms diff 543µs align 268435456 pre 1.37ms on 1.97ms post 1.48ms diff 542µs align 134217728 pre 1.35ms on 1.94ms post 1.55ms diff 493µs align 67108864 pre 1.42ms on 2.1ms post 1.6ms diff 591µs align 33554432 pre 1.34ms on 1.94ms post 1.56ms diff 485µs align 16777216 pre 1.44ms on 2.15ms post 1.64ms diff 608µs align 8388608 pre 1.34ms on 1.9ms post 1.59ms diff 437µs align 4194304 pre 1.42ms on 2.08ms post 1.64ms diff 555µs align 2097152 pre 1.39ms on 2.08ms post 1.59ms diff 599µs align 1048576 pre 1.35ms on 1.73ms post 1.6ms diff 250µs align 524288 pre 1.44ms on 1.82ms post 1.66ms diff 273µs align 262144 pre 1.43ms on 1.79ms post 1.71ms diff 226µs align 131072 pre 1.47ms on 1.83ms post 1.65ms diff 271µs align 65536 pre 1.42ms on 1.77ms post 1.67ms diff 227µs align 32768 pre 1.39ms on 1.73ms post 1.53ms diff 270µs align 16384 pre 1.4ms on 1.82ms post 1.63ms diff 308µs align 8192 pre 1.47ms on 1.78ms post 1.65ms diff 218µs align 4096 pre 1.59ms on 1.58ms post 1.57ms diff 2.05µs align 2048 pre 1.65ms on 1.65ms post 1.61ms diff 18.8µs My guess is that the erase size is 2 MiB and the pagesize is probably 8 KiB. # flashbench -O --erasesize=$[2 * 1024 * 1024] --blocksize=$[4*1024] /dev/disk/by-id/usb-Generic-_SD_MMC_20070818000000000-0\:2 --open-au-nr=2 --count=100 2MiB 2.59M/s 1MiB 2.83M/s 512KiB 3.36M/s 256KiB 3.05M/s 128KiB 1.89M/s 64KiB 3M/s 32KiB 2.71M/s 16KiB 2.24M/s 8KiB 1.79M/s 4KiB 875K/s # flashbench -O --erasesize=$[2 * 1024 * 1024] --blocksize=$[4*1024] /dev/disk/by-id/usb-Generic-_SD_MMC_20070818000000000-0\:2 --open-au-nr=2 --count=100 --random 2MiB 7.82M/s 1MiB 1.76M/s 512KiB 1.67M/s 256KiB 578K/s 128KiB 354K/s 64KiB 171K/s 32KiB 150K/s 16KiB 3.73M/s 8KiB 1.78M/s 4KiB 871K/s # flashbench -O --erasesize=$[2 * 1024 * 1024] --blocksize=$[4*1024] /dev/disk/by-id/usb-Generic-_SD_MMC_20070818000000000-0\:2 --open-au-nr=3 --count=100 2MiB 5.75M/s 1MiB 2.19M/s 512KiB 1.45M/s 256KiB 405K/s 128KiB 202K/s 64KiB 1.03M/s 32KiB 1.06M/s 16KiB 1.54M/s 8KiB 1.8M/s 4KiB 727K/s # flashbench -O --erasesize=$[2 * 1024 * 1024] --blocksize=$[4*1024] /dev/disk/by-id/usb-Generic-_SD_MMC_20070818000000000-0\:2 --open-au-nr=3 --count=100 --random 2MiB 5.82M/s 1MiB 1.88M/s 512KiB 1.12M/s 256KiB 501K/s 128KiB 252K/s 64KiB 163K/s 32KiB 151K/s 16KiB 2.09M/s 8KiB 1.79M/s 4KiB 667K/s Only 2 open AU-s. :,( # flashbench -f --erasesize=$[2 * 1024 * 1024] /dev/disk/by-id/usb-Generic-_SD_MMC_20070818000000000-0\:2 --count 100 2MiB 2.84M/s 4.78M/s 8.48M/s 8.45M/s 7.8M/s 7.86M/s 1MiB 8.9M/s 9.07M/s 9.03M/s 9.19M/s 9.17M/s 9.08M/s 512KiB 8.67M/s 8.74M/s 8.49M/s 8.83M/s 8.71M/s 8.52M/s 256KiB 7.19M/s 7.04M/s 6.85M/s 7.19M/s 7.05M/s 6.85M/s 128KiB 5.62M/s 5.84M/s 5.63M/s 5.81M/s 5.87M/s 5.69M/s 64KiB 12.7M/s 13.2M/s 13.3M/s 12.8M/s 13.2M/s 13.3M/s 32KiB 6.09M/s 6.2M/s 6.1M/s 6.27M/s 6.22M/s 6.17M/s 16KiB 3.79M/s 3.73M/s 3.76M/s 3.81M/s 972K/s 3.76M/s # flashbench -f --erasesize=$[2 * 1024 * 1024] /dev/disk/by-id/usb-Generic-_SD_MMC_20070818000000000-0\:2 --count 100 --random 2MiB 9.43M/s 8.57M/s 8.42M/s 8.42M/s 7.8M/s 7.87M/s 1MiB 2.71M/s 3.22M/s 3.2M/s 2.53M/s 3.07M/s 3.23M/s 512KiB 1.06M/s 1.42M/s 1.42M/s 1.28M/s 1.49M/s 1.21M/s 256KiB 465K/s 577K/s 635K/s 756K/s 722K/s 722K/s 128KiB 284K/s 354K/s 343K/s 532K/s 578K/s 577K/s 64KiB 163K/s 172K/s 172K/s 454K/s 431K/s 430K/s 32KiB 151K/s 151K/s 151K/s 211K/s 207K/s 207K/s 16KiB 1.69M/s 3.58M/s 3.72M/s 3.76M/s 3.4M/s 1.41M/s ?

12 years, 8 months

Samsung 32GB CLASS 10 SDHC "MB-MSBGA"

by Csordás Csaba Ifj.

# fdisk -l /dev/disk/by-id/usb-Generic_USB_SD_Reader_12345678901234567890-0\:0 Disk /dev/disk/by-id/usb-Generic_USB_SD_Reader_12345678901234567890-0:0: 31.4 GB, 31393316864 bytes 64 heads, 32 sectors/track, 29939 cylinders, total 61315072 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x000f06a6 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/disk/by-id/usb-Generic_USB_SD_Reader_12345678901234567890-0:0-part1 8192 122879 57344 c W95 FAT32 (LBA) /dev/disk/by-id/usb-Generic_USB_SD_Reader_12345678901234567890-0:0-part2 122880 21094399 10485760 83 Linux /dev/disk/by-id/usb-Generic_USB_SD_Reader_12345678901234567890-0:0-part3 21094400 61315071 20110336 83 Linux # flashbench -a /dev/disk/by-id/usb-Generic_USB_SD_Reader_12345678901234567890-0\:0 --blocksize=1024 align 8589934592 pre 406µs on 820µs post 528µs diff 352µs align 4294967296 pre 418µs on 759µs post 492µs diff 304µs align 2147483648 pre 454µs on 855µs post 532µs diff 361µs align 1073741824 pre 446µs on 942µs post 518µs diff 460µs align 536870912 pre 426µs on 921µs post 550µs diff 433µs align 268435456 pre 464µs on 886µs post 500µs diff 404µs align 134217728 pre 466µs on 1.08ms post 541µs diff 576µs align 67108864 pre 487µs on 931µs post 548µs diff 413µs align 33554432 pre 464µs on 961µs post 535µs diff 461µs align 16777216 pre 464µs on 944µs post 529µs diff 448µs align 8388608 pre 458µs on 971µs post 561µs diff 461µs align 4194304 pre 478µs on 954µs post 543µs diff 444µs align 2097152 pre 529µs on 1.3ms post 517µs diff 774µs align 1048576 pre 428µs on 1.1ms post 533µs diff 614µs align 524288 pre 456µs on 892µs post 498µs diff 415µs align 262144 pre 428µs on 891µs post 498µs diff 428µs align 131072 pre 479µs on 967µs post 515µs diff 470µs align 65536 pre 438µs on 945µs post 535µs diff 459µs align 32768 pre 472µs on 954µs post 510µs diff 463µs align 16384 pre 461µs on 684µs post 528µs diff 189µs align 8192 pre 524µs on 526µs post 530µs diff -906ns align 4096 pre 531µs on 531µs post 544µs diff -6887ns align 2048 pre 547µs on 534µs post 561µs diff -20248n Erase size is 32 MiB, page size unknown. # flashbench -O --erasesize=$[32 * 1024 * 1024] --blocksize=$[4*1024] /dev/disk/by-id/usb-Generic_USB_SD_Reader_12345678901234567890-0\:0 --open-au-nr=2 --count=100 32MiB 8.5M/s 16MiB 11.9M/s 8MiB 9.8M/s 4MiB 11.8M/s 2MiB 12M/s 1MiB 11.9M/s 512KiB 11.6M/s 256KiB 11.2M/s 128KiB 10.3M/s 64KiB 9.78M/s 32KiB 7.6M/s 16KiB 4.91M/s 8KiB 3.08M/s 4KiB 1.46M/s # flashbench -O --erasesize=$[32 * 1024 * 1024] --blocksize=$[4*1024] /dev/disk/by-id/usb-Generic_USB_SD_Reader_12345678901234567890-0\:0 --open-au-nr=2 --count=100 --random 32MiB 11.5M/s 16MiB 12M/s 8MiB 11.9M/s 4MiB 11.8M/s 2MiB 11.8M/s 1MiB 11.8M/s 512KiB 11.5M/s 256KiB 10.9M/s 128KiB 9.95M/s 64KiB 9M/s 32KiB 6.8M/s 16KiB 4.88M/s 8KiB 2.28M/s 4KiB 1.22M/s # flashbench -O --erasesize=$[32 * 1024 * 1024] --blocksize=$[4*1024] /dev/disk/by-id/usb-Generic_USB_SD_Reader_12345678901234567890-0\:0 --open-au-nr=3 --count=100 32MiB 11.2M/s 16MiB 12M/s 8MiB 12M/s 4MiB 12M/s 2MiB 11.9M/s 1MiB 11.8M/s 512KiB 11.6M/s 256KiB 11M/s 128KiB 10.1M/s 64KiB 9.2M/s 32KiB 6.98M/s 16KiB 4.92M/s 8KiB 3.07M/s 4KiB 1.47M/s # flashbench -O --erasesize=$[32 * 1024 * 1024] --blocksize=$[4*1024] /dev/disk/by-id/usb-Generic_USB_SD_Reader_12345678901234567890-0\:0 --open-au-nr=3 --count=100 --random 32MiB 11.8M/s 16MiB 12M/s 8MiB 12M/s 4MiB 12M/s 2MiB 11.8M/s 1MiB 11.8M/s 512KiB 11.5M/s 256KiB 11M/s 128KiB 10M/s 64KiB 9.16M/s 32KiB 6.9M/s 16KiB 4.92M/s 8KiB 2.3M/s 4KiB 1.22M/s # flashbench -O --erasesize=$[32 * 1024 * 1024] --blocksize=$[4*1024] /dev/disk/by-id/usb-Generic_USB_SD_Reader_12345678901234567890-0\:0 --open-au-nr=10 --count=100 32MiB 11.8M/s 16MiB 12M/s 8MiB 12M/s 4MiB 11.9M/s 2MiB 11.9M/s 1MiB 11.8M/s 512KiB 11.6M/s 256KiB 11.1M/s 128KiB 10.3M/s 64KiB 9.6M/s 32KiB 7.43M/s 16KiB 4.93M/s 8KiB 3.1M/s ^C # flashbench -O --erasesize=$[32 * 1024 * 1024] --blocksize=$[4*1024] /dev/disk/by-id/usb-Generic_USB_SD_Reader_12345678901234567890-0\:0 --open-au-nr=10 --count=100 --random 32MiB 11.6M/s 16MiB 12M/s 8MiB 11.9M/s 4MiB 11.9M/s 2MiB 11.7M/s 1MiB 11.6M/s 512KiB 11.1M/s 256KiB 10.4M/s 128KiB 9.1M/s 64KiB 7.67M/s 32KiB 5.45M/s ^C # flashbench -O --erasesize=$[32 * 1024 * 1024] --blocksize=$[4*1024] /dev/disk/by-id/usb-Generic_USB_SD_Reader_12345678901234567890-0\:0 --open-au-nr=11 --count=100 32MiB 11.8M/s 16MiB 12M/s 8MiB 12M/s 4MiB 12M/s 2MiB 11.9M/s 1MiB 11.9M/s 512KiB 11.7M/s 256KiB 11.2M/s 128KiB 10.5M/s 64KiB 10M/s 32KiB 7.77M/s 16KiB 4.9M/s 8KiB 3.09M/s ^C # flashbench -O --erasesize=$[32 * 1024 * 1024] --blocksize=$[4*1024] /dev/disk/by-id/usb-Generic_USB_SD_Reader_12345678901234567890-0\:0 --open-au-nr=11 --count=100 --random 32MiB 12M/s 16MiB 12M/s 8MiB 12M/s 4MiB 11.9M/s 2MiB 11.8M/s 1MiB 11.7M/s 512KiB 11.3M/s 256KiB 10.6M/s 128KiB 9.46M/s 64KiB 8.26M/s 32KiB 5.9M/s 16KiB 3.4M/s ^C # flashbench -O --erasesize=$[32 * 1024 * 1024] --blocksize=$[4*1024] /dev/disk/by-id/usb-Generic_USB_SD_Reader_12345678901234567890-0\:0 --open-au-nr=12 --count=100 32MiB 11.7M/s 16MiB 11.9M/s 8MiB 11.9M/s 4MiB 11.9M/s 2MiB 11.8M/s 1MiB 11.7M/s 512KiB 11.4M/s 256KiB 10.8M/s 128KiB 9.86M/s 64KiB 8.9M/s 32KiB 6.72M/s 16KiB 4.92M/s ^C # flashbench -O --erasesize=$[32 * 1024 * 1024] --blocksize=$[4*1024] /dev/disk/by-id/usb-Generic_USB_SD_Reader_12345678901234567890-0\:0 --open-au-nr=12 --count=100 --random 32MiB 12M/s 16MiB 12M/s 8MiB 11.9M/s 4MiB 11.9M/s 2MiB 11.7M/s 1MiB 11.5M/s 512KiB 11M/s 256KiB 10.3M/s 128KiB 8.87M/s 64KiB 7.35M/s 32KiB 5.13M/s 16KiB 3.35M/s ^C root@marvin:~# for i in 30 31 32; do echo -e "\n\noau=$i"; flashbench -O --erasesize=$[32 * 1024 * 1024] --blocksize=$[4*1024] /dev/disk/by-id/usb-Generic_USB_SD_Reader_12345678901234567890-0\:0 --open-au-nr=$i --count=100; done; for i in 30 31 32; do echo -e "\n\noau=$i random"; flashbench -O --erasesize=$[32 * 1024 * 1024] --blocksize=$[4*1024] /dev/disk/by-id/usb-Generic_USB_SD_Reader_12345678901234567890-0\:0 --open-au-nr=$i --count=100 --random; done oau=30 32MiB 11.1M/s 16MiB 12M/s 8MiB 11.9M/s 4MiB 11.8M/s 2MiB 11.7M/s 1MiB 11.5M/s 512KiB 10.9M/s 256KiB 10.1M/s 128KiB 9.06M/s 64KiB 8.15M/s 32KiB 6.26M/s 16KiB 4.7M/s 8KiB 2.96M/s 4KiB 1.42M/s oau=31 32MiB 11.5M/s 16MiB 11.9M/s 8MiB 11.9M/s 4MiB 11.8M/s 2MiB 11.7M/s 1MiB 11.5M/s 512KiB 10.9M/s 256KiB 9.96M/s 128KiB 8.49M/s 64KiB 6.78M/s 32KiB 4.63M/s 16KiB 3.01M/s 8KiB 1.26M/s 4KiB 661K/s oau=32 32MiB 11.1M/s 16MiB 11.8M/s 8MiB 11.9M/s 4MiB 11.8M/s 2MiB 11.7M/s 1MiB 11.5M/s 512KiB 11M/s 256KiB 10.1M/s 128KiB 8.75M/s 64KiB 7.21M/s 32KiB 4.96M/s 16KiB 3M/s 8KiB 1.26M/s 4KiB 665K/s oau=30 random 32MiB 11.6M/s 16MiB 11.9M/s 8MiB 11.9M/s 4MiB 11.8M/s 2MiB 11.7M/s 1MiB 11.5M/s 512KiB 10.9M/s 256KiB 9.95M/s 128KiB 8.58M/s 64KiB 6.97M/s 32KiB 4.84M/s 16KiB 3.25M/s 8KiB 1.35M/s 4KiB 720K/s oau=31 random 32MiB 11.3M/s 16MiB 12M/s 8MiB 12M/s 4MiB 11.9M/s 2MiB 11.7M/s 1MiB 11.6M/s 512KiB 11M/s 256KiB 10.1M/s 128KiB 8.75M/s 64KiB 7.17M/s 32KiB 4.94M/s 16KiB 3.03M/s 8KiB 1.26M/s 4KiB 662K/s oau=32 random 32MiB 11.7M/s 16MiB 12M/s 8MiB 11.9M/s 4MiB 11.9M/s 2MiB 11.7M/s 1MiB 11.5M/s 512KiB 10.9M/s 256KiB 10M/s 128KiB 8.54M/s 64KiB 6.9M/s 32KiB 4.7M/s 16KiB 3.02M/s 8KiB 1.26M/s 4KiB 664K/s 30 open AU. Wow. # flashbench -f /dev/disk/by-id/usb-Generic_USB_SD_Reader_12345678901234567890-0\:0 --count=100 4MiB 11.7M/s 11.9M/s 12M/s 11.5M/s 11.7M/s 11.5M/s 2MiB 12.1M/s 12M/s 12.1M/s 11.5M/s 11.7M/s 11.5M/s 1MiB 12M/s 12.1M/s 12M/s 11.6M/s 11.9M/s 11.9M/s 512KiB 11.7M/s 11.8M/s 11.9M/s 11M/s 11.4M/s 11.5M/s 256KiB 11.3M/s 11.3M/s 11.2M/s 10.4M/s 10.9M/s 11.3M/s 128KiB 10.4M/s 10.5M/s 10.8M/s 9.39M/s 10.1M/s 11M/s 64KiB 11.8M/s 11.8M/s 12.1M/s 11.6M/s 12.1M/s 11.9M/s 32KiB 8.05M/s 8.07M/s 8.2M/s 6.27M/s 7.18M/s 7.99M/s 16KiB 4.83M/s 5.04M/s 4.86M/s 4.76M/s 4.8M/s 4.91M/s How to interpret this result? Please help me, including my previous posts. Thank you.

12 years, 8 months

Samsung 32GB Class 10 SD-Card

by Benjamin Beichler

Hi, I have following cheaply bought SD-Card from Ebay: Samsung 32 GB MB-SSBGA MBSSBGVEOBGA-SH D 13CG5000 1 3 6 $:/sys/block/mmcblk0/device# head /sys/block/mmcblk0/device/{c*,scr,*rev,*id,serial,*size} ==> /sys/block/mmcblk0/device/cid <== 1b534d3030303030107677b02300c100 ==> /sys/block/mmcblk0/device/csd <== 400e00325b590000e9e57f800a404000 ==> /sys/block/mmcblk0/device/scr <== 02b5800200000000 ==> /sys/block/mmcblk0/device/fwrev <== 0x0 ==> /sys/block/mmcblk0/device/hwrev <== 0x1 ==> /sys/block/mmcblk0/device/cid <== 1b534d3030303030107677b02300c100 ==> /sys/block/mmcblk0/device/manfid <== 0x00001b ==> /sys/block/mmcblk0/device/oemid <== 0x534d ==> /sys/block/mmcblk0/device/serial <== 0x7677b023 ==> /sys/block/mmcblk0/device/erase_size <== 512 ==> /sys/block/mmcblk0/device/preferred_erase_size <== 4194304 and here is the first Benchmark which is for me hard to interprete: root@ThinkPad-T400:~/flashbench/flashbench# ./flashbench -a /dev/mmcblk0 --blocksize 1024 --count=100 align 8589934592 pre 208µs on 221µs post 206µs diff 14.3µs align 4294967296 pre 207µs on 223µs post 208µs diff 15.1µs align 2147483648 pre 205µs on 219µs post 207µs diff 13µs align 1073741824 pre 257µs on 305µs post 241µs diff 56.7µs align 536870912 pre 225µs on 261µs post 225µs diff 36µs align 268435456 pre 294µs on 387µs post 281µs diff 100µs align 134217728 pre 239µs on 285µs post 234µs diff 48.1µs align 67108864 pre 222µs on 267µs post 220µs diff 46.6µs align 33554432 pre 211µs on 257µs post 218µs diff 41.8µs align 16777216 pre 231µs on 296µs post 237µs diff 61.8µs align 8388608 pre 224µs on 260µs post 225µs diff 36.2µs align 4194304 pre 222µs on 259µs post 227µs diff 34.4µs align 2097152 pre 230µs on 260µs post 213µs diff 38.6µs align 1048576 pre 218µs on 254µs post 223µs diff 33.8µs align 524288 pre 234µs on 266µs post 216µs diff 40.7µs align 262144 pre 224µs on 258µs post 224µs diff 33.3µs align 131072 pre 228µs on 257µs post 210µs diff 37.8µs align 65536 pre 212µs on 248µs post 216µs diff 33.8µs align 32768 pre 223µs on 253µs post 205µs diff 38.3µs align 16384 pre 239µs on 258µs post 234µs diff 21.3µs align 8192 pre 233µs on 233µs post 233µs diff 424ns align 4096 pre 234µs on 240µs post 234µs diff 5.88µs align 2048 pre 233µs on 234µs post 234µs diff 584ns in other outputs there are more or less only two steps (at eraseblock size and blocksize) and they are differently ordered. The Debug FS says erase block should be 4 MB but from this Benchmark I would suggest something like 2GB?!? Or is it 128MB ? Blocksize is 16KB i would suggest but I could be wrong ... could you help me ? I will give the other results if the block sizes are more clear to me...

12 years, 8 months

ADATA USB Flash Drive

by Csordás Csaba Ifj.

Hi, I'm having troubles at the first step: determining the erase block size. The strange results are below. The original FAT layout was not saved when the drive was purchased. # lsusb Bus 004 Device 002: ID 125f:c82a A-DATA Technology Co., Ltd. # fdisk -l /dev/disk/by-id/usb-ADATA_USB_Flash_Drive_1061309422330015-0\:0 Disk /dev/disk/by-id/usb-ADATA_USB_Flash_Drive_1061309422330015-0:0: 7873 MB, 7873757184 bytes 180 heads, 14 sectors/track, 6102 cylinders, total 15378432 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0xf65985aa Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/disk/by-id/usb-ADATA_USB_Flash_Drive_1061309422330015-0:0-part1 2048 15378431 7688192 83 Linux # for i in 1 2 4 8 16; do echo -e "\n\nbs=$[$i*1024]"; flashbench -a /dev/disk/by-id/usb-ADATA_USB_Flash_Drive_1061309422330015-0\:0 --blocksize=$[$i*1024]; done bs=1024 align 2147483648 pre 829µs on 815µs post 836µs diff -17473n align 1073741824 pre 846µs on 796µs post 853µs diff -53379n align 536870912 pre 744µs on 781µs post 834µs diff -8238ns align 268435456 pre 827µs on 798µs post 831µs diff -31049n align 134217728 pre 758µs on 763µs post 763µs diff 2.71µs align 67108864 pre 789µs on 779µs post 815µs diff -22737n align 33554432 pre 773µs on 747µs post 779µs diff -29372n align 16777216 pre 695µs on 773µs post 816µs diff 16.8µs align 8388608 pre 688µs on 728µs post 691µs diff 39µs align 4194304 pre 733µs on 779µs post 815µs diff 4.47µs align 2097152 pre 742µs on 761µs post 759µs diff 10.8µs align 1048576 pre 811µs on 793µs post 817µs diff -21380n align 524288 pre 799µs on 794µs post 816µs diff -13187n align 262144 pre 756µs on 795µs post 800µs diff 17µs align 131072 pre 737µs on 685µs post 744µs diff -55710n align 65536 pre 741µs on 747µs post 747µs diff 3.18µs align 32768 pre 798µs on 780µs post 799µs diff -18178n align 16384 pre 732µs on 779µs post 796µs diff 15.1µs align 8192 pre 740µs on 776µs post 799µs diff 7.01µs align 4096 pre 952µs on 758µs post 799µs diff -117830 align 2048 pre 738µs on 774µs post 798µs diff 6.04µs bs=2048 align 2147483648 pre 853µs on 848µs post 869µs diff -12804n align 1073741824 pre 861µs on 869µs post 869µs diff 3.88µs align 536870912 pre 833µs on 834µs post 835µs diff -193ns align 268435456 pre 877µs on 907µs post 900µs diff 18.4µs align 134217728 pre 842µs on 851µs post 870µs diff -5455ns align 67108864 pre 828µs on 799µs post 833µs diff -31688n align 33554432 pre 767µs on 827µs post 832µs diff 26.9µs align 16777216 pre 758µs on 776µs post 762µs diff 16.2µs align 8388608 pre 713µs on 714µs post 712µs diff 868ns align 4194304 pre 857µs on 887µs post 866µs diff 25.9µs align 2097152 pre 837µs on 867µs post 872µs diff 12.7µs align 1048576 pre 847µs on 834µs post 847µs diff -13895n align 524288 pre 865µs on 882µs post 866µs diff 16.4µs align 262144 pre 864µs on 849µs post 868µs diff -17470n align 131072 pre 795µs on 799µs post 799µs diff 1.98µs align 65536 pre 868µs on 868µs post 867µs diff 205ns align 32768 pre 866µs on 867µs post 868µs diff -623ns align 16384 pre 859µs on 853µs post 871µs diff -11754n align 8192 pre 859µs on 869µs post 849µs diff 15µs align 4096 pre 978µs on 980µs post 829µs diff 76.4µs bs=4096 align 2147483648 pre 905µs on 908µs post 1.05ms diff -70516n align 1073741824 pre 997µs on 979µs post 1.11ms diff -72729n align 536870912 pre 961µs on 978µs post 1.1ms diff -51399n align 268435456 pre 965µs on 973µs post 1.07ms diff -42441n align 134217728 pre 890µs on 891µs post 1.03ms diff -70698n align 67108864 pre 855µs on 838µs post 1.02ms diff -97971n align 33554432 pre 853µs on 870µs post 1.05ms diff -80043n align 16777216 pre 832µs on 832µs post 1.03ms diff -98061n align 8388608 pre 842µs on 843µs post 1.03ms diff -92877n align 4194304 pre 933µs on 960µs post 1.08ms diff -46878n align 2097152 pre 924µs on 926µs post 1.03ms diff -51066n align 1048576 pre 948µs on 925µs post 1.07ms diff -82986n align 524288 pre 970µs on 981µs post 1.1ms diff -55840n align 262144 pre 985µs on 954µs post 1.12ms diff -97010n align 131072 pre 933µs on 944µs post 1.08ms diff -60718n align 65536 pre 970µs on 956µs post 1.03ms diff -46152n align 32768 pre 963µs on 943µs post 1.11ms diff -91246n align 16384 pre 914µs on 924µs post 1.07ms diff -67228n align 8192 pre 923µs on 924µs post 1.09ms diff -80328n bs=8192 align 2147483648 pre 1.66ms on 1.62ms post 1.64ms diff -29621n align 1073741824 pre 1.65ms on 1.64ms post 1.68ms diff -22022n align 536870912 pre 1.62ms on 1.62ms post 1.62ms diff 662ns align 268435456 pre 1.62ms on 1.6ms post 1.62ms diff -17675n align 134217728 pre 1.64ms on 1.61ms post 1.64ms diff -31935n align 67108864 pre 1.68ms on 1.67ms post 1.67ms diff -3326ns align 33554432 pre 1.73ms on 1.74ms post 1.74ms diff 9.42µs align 16777216 pre 1.66ms on 1.64ms post 1.64ms diff -7797ns align 8388608 pre 1.65ms on 1.66ms post 1.65ms diff 8.27µs align 4194304 pre 1.63ms on 1.65ms post 1.65ms diff 10.3µs align 2097152 pre 1.62ms on 1.64ms post 1.64ms diff 6.62µs align 1048576 pre 1.66ms on 1.66ms post 1.65ms diff 2.68µs align 524288 pre 1.66ms on 1.64ms post 1.64ms diff -6934ns align 262144 pre 1.65ms on 1.66ms post 1.66ms diff 197ns align 131072 pre 1.64ms on 1.64ms post 1.64ms diff 1.64µs align 65536 pre 1.65ms on 1.62ms post 1.62ms diff -12165n align 32768 pre 1.66ms on 1.66ms post 1.67ms diff -9644ns align 16384 pre 1.62ms on 1.62ms post 1.64ms diff -9352ns bs=16384 align 2147483648 pre 2.39ms on 2.35ms post 2.33ms diff -7216ns align 1073741824 pre 2.46ms on 2.44ms post 2.43ms diff 341ns align 536870912 pre 2.28ms on 2.28ms post 2.28ms diff -1850ns align 268435456 pre 2.32ms on 2.28ms post 2.3ms diff -29446n align 134217728 pre 2.3ms on 2.32ms post 2.32ms diff 7.53µs align 67108864 pre 2.32ms on 2.31ms post 2.3ms diff 2.12µs align 33554432 pre 2.38ms on 2.41ms post 2.43ms diff 4µs align 16777216 pre 2.32ms on 2.28ms post 2.27ms diff -7553ns align 8388608 pre 2.28ms on 2.28ms post 2.29ms diff -6386ns align 4194304 pre 2.28ms on 2.28ms post 2.28ms diff -1055ns align 2097152 pre 2.28ms on 2.26ms post 2.28ms diff -18798n align 1048576 pre 2.28ms on 2.28ms post 2.26ms diff 9.31µs align 524288 pre 2.33ms on 2.32ms post 2.32ms diff -4279ns align 262144 pre 2.29ms on 2.28ms post 2.25ms diff 8.77µs align 131072 pre 2.3ms on 2.26ms post 2.3ms diff -35064n align 65536 pre 2.31ms on 2.27ms post 2.28ms diff -33000n align 32768 pre 2.3ms on 2.31ms post 2.34ms diff -730ns # flashbench -a /dev/disk/by-id/usb-ADATA_USB_Flash_Drive_1061309422330015-0\:0 --blocksize=$[10*1024] align 1342177280 pre 1.66ms on 2.14ms post 1.69ms diff 465µs align 671088640 pre 1.66ms on 2.16ms post 1.66ms diff 499µs align 335544320 pre 1.69ms on 2.19ms post 1.71ms diff 493µs align 167772160 pre 1.76ms on 2.26ms post 1.75ms diff 510µs align 83886080 pre 1.62ms on 2.09ms post 1.67ms diff 447µs align 41943040 pre 1.8ms on 2.33ms post 1.76ms diff 551µs align 20971520 pre 1.62ms on 2.12ms post 1.64ms diff 490µs align 10485760 pre 1.64ms on 2.1ms post 1.65ms diff 455µs align 5242880 pre 1.62ms on 2.08ms post 1.68ms diff 432µs align 2621440 pre 1.65ms on 2.12ms post 1.68ms diff 456µs align 1310720 pre 1.6ms on 2.03ms post 1.55ms diff 450µs align 655360 pre 1.57ms on 2.03ms post 1.62ms diff 437µs align 327680 pre 1.66ms on 2.08ms post 1.64ms diff 435µs align 163840 pre 1.63ms on 2.06ms post 1.62ms diff 436µs align 81920 pre 1.64ms on 2.08ms post 1.64ms diff 447µs align 40960 pre 1.66ms on 2.19ms post 1.73ms diff 499µs align 20480 pre 2.07ms on 1.64ms post 1.66ms diff -226664

12 years, 8 months

ERA - Asset Disposal

by Luka Belik

Greetings, My name is Luka from the Electronic Recycling Association (www.era.ca). In hope you might be able to help us, I would like to tell you a little bit about our charity work. This is what we do: we are a non-profit organization dedicated in reducing electronic waste through the reuse and recycling of unwanted computers. We collect all kinds of IT and electronic equipment (computers, laptops, printers, telephones etc). Then we refurbish it and donate to various charities and non-profit organizations. That makes us different from any other recycler, we want to add value to your company by donating! ERA`s donations are followed by various media, so it can also help to improve your company`s social responsibility profile. This is what we can do for you: - Pick up all of your old IT & electronic equipment you don`t need any more at your site, - Remove all of your company`s data from computers according to military standards (free hard-drive wiping services plus data removal certificate), - Refurbish your donated items and donate them to local charities in need in your behalf. - Recycle locally all of the equipment that cannot be reused. With your help we can not only achieve our mission of reducing the negative impact of electronic waste on our environment, but also ensure that your unwanted computer equipment is donated to a worthy charity or non-profit organization. These are the current charities we are trying to help, and the list is, unfortunately, increasing: http://era.ca/index.php?page=charities. Please contact me directly on 604 756 1930 if you have any electronic equipment you would like to donate at this time or if you need any further information about our services. We have offices and warehouses all across Canada. I am looking forward to your response! Thank you for your time and have a great day! Sincerely, Luka Belik Donations Coordinator Electronic Recycling Association * luka(a)era.ca * 604 756 1930 * www.era.ca * 1 403 262 4488 | 1 604 215 4483 | 1 780 455 2088 | 1 877 939 2783

12 years, 9 months

lists.linaro.org maintenance completed

by IT Services

This is to let you know that the migration of lists.linaro.org has been successfully completed. As per the email I sent on Wednesday, it may take some time for the new address of the server to be seen by your computer. You can check this by trying to connect to the web site: http://lists.linaro.org/ If you are able to connect and you do not get an error, this means you are connecting to the new server and you can send email to the lists. If you experience any problems after the weekend and you find that you still cannot connect to the server, please reply to this email to let us know. Regards Philip IT Services Manager Linaro

12 years, 9 months

Multi-languages make different

by Peter Yang

12 years, 9 months

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